CHAP 1: IMPORTANCE OF ROAD IN INDIA

1) 1) State any four characteristics of road transport.

Characteristics of road transport :
1. Road transport gives quick and easy transportation of men, machineries, materials etc.
2. Road transport serves the agricultural area by transporting of goods.
3. It plays a vital role in development of natural resources.
4. The road transportation always a key in transportation of medical and educational facilities
5. Road transport is a basic need in case of fire and police protections.
6. It gives door step connectivity even in case of rural area or villages.
7. It promotes development of railways, waterways and airways.

2) State the importance of transportation.

The importance of transportation are as follows:
(1) The development of any country largely depends on the efficiency of its transportation
system because the transportation triggers off a chain of activities related to economic
development.
(2) Transport carries the perishable goods produced by such industries to the consumers
living in different distant places in time
(3) Transportation helps in mass production. Whether it is to purchase and bring raw
materials or it is to distribute finished goods, one or the other means of transport is
necessary.
(4) Transportation opens up new avenues in agriculture, trade and commerce, service
industry, health and tourism industry by being means of communication
(5) Transportation system improves the social awareness among the people, as one can
travel far in a short time.
(6) Transportation network creates job opportunities for millions of people. People from
rural areas can travel to urban areas in search of better job opportunities. In this way
transportation contributes to the social development of a nation..

3) State the modes of transportation and explain any one

Modes of Transportation System

1. Roadway
2. Railway
3. Waterway
4. Airway
Roadways
Road transportation is the most suitable type for short haul passenger and good transport. This is
more so especially in the hilly terrain where other transport modes cannot reach. Road
transportation provides better accessibility and door-to door service.
Railway
The best alternative for land transportation of bulk goods over long distance by vehicles is the
railway. Traditionally, the railways have played a major role in economic development of a
region. Railways run on specific tracks prepared for this purpose. Railways provide fairly
comfortable and safe journey within the reach of the common man.
Airways
The most sophisticated and has made the world a small place. In a matter of hours persons and
things can be moved from one part of the globe to other.
Waterways
 Water transportation is probably the oldest mode of transportation. It is suitable for transportation
of bulk cargo where time is not important factor.

4) State the importance of road transportation in overall development of a country.

Importance of road transportation in overall development of a country.
Road transportation is beneficial in various fields mentioned below. It may contribute directly or
indirectly in overall development of country.
 Road transportation is helpful in transportation of people‟s goods etc from one place to
other, which results in better & effective communication.
 It is also useful in carriage of agricultural products and dairy products to market.
 Roads are necessary for navigation in military or defense area of our country.
 Road transportation is easy, simple than railway, which reaches at rural areas and hilly
areas also.
 Roads are economical in construction due to local materials, adjustable gradient.
 Road construction gives employment to people and revenue through road taxes.
 Country gets more income through tourism with the help of road transportation facility.
 Road transportation helps in flood and famine relief.

5) Classify the roads as per Nagpur Road Plan.

In Nagpur road plan, roads are classified into five categories as per IRC recommendations
depending upon priority for development.
1. National Highway (NH) : The roads which runs through length and breadth of the country
connecting state capitals, major ports, foreign highways and strategic places across country,
which are called as National Highway.
2. State Highway (SH) : The roads which joins state capital to important cities within state, are
known as State Highway.
3. Major District Road (MDR) : The roads which connects market centres and important places
in within district, are considered as Major District Road.
4. Other District Road :The roads which joins tehsil headquarters, block development
headquarters, market centres other than MDR, are known as Other District Road.
5. Village Road : The roads which connects the group of villages to higher type of road, are
called as Village Road.

6) State the classification of road according to third road development plan.

Classification of road according to third road development plan.
The roads across the country are categorized into three groups as mentioned below.
The third road development plan is based on grouping of roads according to priority
for importance in development.
Primary System: In this group two types of roads are included, namely:
a) Expressway b) National Highway.

These roads are of prior importance in development of nation. The maximum

expenses would be made for construction of these roads
Secondary System: In this second category, moderate important roads like a) State
Highway and b) Major district roads are clubbed together.
 These roads are necessary for routine communication and are of medium importance.
This development plan is put up on optimum budget for this group of roads.
Tertiary system: In this road system, low cost roads i.e. a) Other district roads and b)
Village roads are considered. These roads are provided with least possible expenditure
ion twenty year plan. These roads are low budgeted, hence grouped in tertiary system.

7) State classification of urban roads.

Urban roads are classified as follows:
a) Arterial roads: The streets primarily for through traffic on a continuous route, but with high
level of traffic mobility are known as arterial roads.
b) Sub-arterial roads: The streets primarily for through traffic on a continuous route but have
a lower level of traffic mobility than the arterials are known as sub-arterial roads.
c) Collector streets: The streets which provide access to arterial streets and they collect and
distribute traffic from and to local streets is known as collector streets.
d) Local streets: The streets which provides access to abutting streets are known as local
streets.

8) Write the names of four modes of transportation. Write the medium used in each mode
of transportation.
Modes of Transportation:-
i) Roadway Transportation: - Medium used is land.
ii) Railway Transportation: - Medium used is land.
iii) Waterway Transportation: - Medium used is water.
iv) Airway Transportation:- Medium used is air.