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Fig. 4. Configuration and parameters of the UWB antenna with dual notched
bands.
Fig. 3. Simulated gain of the UWB antenna with and without bevel on the
ground plane.
the impedance bandwidth can be much enhanced. This phenom- Fig. 5. Simulated current distributions at different notch frequencies.
enon occurs because the two notches affect the electromagnetic (a) 3.5 GHz. (b) 5.5 GHz.
coupling between the rectangular patch and the ground plane.
The gap between the radiation patch and ground plane is de-
noted as , which is also an important parameter to control the
impedance bandwidth, as shown in Fig. 2. The patch and the
ground plane form an equivalent dipole antenna. The ground
plane is beveled, resulting in a smooth transition from one reso-
nant mode to another and ensuring good impedance match and
stable gain over a broad frequency range. The gains of the an-
tenna with and without bevel on the ground plane are shown in
Fig. 3. The proposed antenna can achieve high gain at low and
high frequency with bevel on the ground plane.
to 6.5 mm. The parameters and mainly affect the second Fig. 11. Measured radiation patterns at three frequencies. (a) 3.1 GHz.
notched bands. Figs. 8 and 9 illustrate the effects of the parame- (b) 6.5 GHz. (c) 9 GHz.
ters and . When increasing and with other parame-
ters fixed, the second notched band moves to a lower frequency.
where ( ) is the length of the U-shaped strip,
The second notch frequency can be assumed from (1). The final
is the effective dielectric constant, and is the speed of light.
design parameters are the following: mm, mm,
To demonstrate the above-discussed design strategy, an an-
mm, mm, mm, mm,
tenna prototype is designed and fabricated, as shown in Fig. 10.
mm
For comparison, both the measured and simulated VSWR char-
acteristics of the proposed antenna are illustrated in Fig. 10.
(1)
Good agreement can be observed. The discrepancy between the
296 IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL. 11, 2012
TABLE I
COMPARISONS OF THE PROPOSED UWB ANTENNA TO OTHER UWB ANTENNAS
Fig. 12. Simulated gain of the proposed antenna. achieved. By introducing a T-shaped stub in the radiation patch
and a pair of U-shaped parasitic elements beside the feed line,
measured and simulated results is probably owing to the fabri- dual stopbands for applications of WiMAX and WLAN are cre-
cation tolerance of the prototype. From software simulation, we ated. The radiation pattern of this antenna shows good omni-
also know that the performances of the antenna are also sen- directional performance throughout the UWB frequency range
sitive to the thickness of the substrate. In the simulation, we and constant gain in the UWB band is realized. Accordingly, the
set the metal to ideal conductor, so we ignore the thickness of proposed antenna is expected to be a good candidate in various
the metal. The fabricated antenna has the frequency range from UWB systems.
2.8 to 11 GHz with , covering the entire UWB
band with dual notched band of 3.3–4.0 and 5.05–5.90 GHz, REFERENCES
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with elliptical stub filled by the H-shaped slot,” J. Electromagn. Waves
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