TUCDM

LABAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This chapter includes the introduction, theoretical framework, statement of the
problem, hypothesis, scope and limitation, conceptual framework, significance of the study
and the definition of terms used. This chapter is the foundation of this study because this
chapter contains the basis on how and why the researchers conduct this study.
Introduction
Discipline for teenagers is about guiding them towards fantastic behavior. It is not
always about the punishment, it is about putting them in the right path of life and live
humanly to avoid danger and life risk. Teaching them to obey that rules and laws will help
them to have proper life style. Discipline for young adults is putting limits on what they do
to avoid any risk and giving rules so they will understand the difference between what's
right and what's wrong.
A lack of discipline in young people can have a detrimental effect on their character
such as being rebellious, parental disrespect, and disobedience. It may also bring a lot of
risks to their lives like getting involved in various riots and conflict, fighting, being part of a
gang, selling drugs, and more. It is very important to young people to be disciplined at
early age and maintaining it until they become an adult. There are various ways to
discipline young people such as giving punishments, communicate openly with child,
building relations.
Juvenile curfew law can be used as youth discipline, with the help of government curfew
law is implemented for youth to arrive safely in their homes. It is local ordinances that
prohibit people of a certain age usually under 18 from being in public or in a business
establishment during certain hours, such as between 10:00 pm and 6 am. The legislative
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

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intent behind juvenile curfew law is usually social order goals such as prevention of crimes
involving juveniles, protection of crimes involving juveniles, protection of minors from
predators, and maintenance of the general peace.
With the use curfew law this will help parents in giving discipline on their childrens.
The youth will be arriving on their homes earlier and it will help them to avoid socializing
with the wrong person and continue as a good individual reserved. They will spending their
vacant hours in the night to study and take their rest for tomorrow's school instead of
spending the night loitering outside. This also lessens the risk of incidents of pickpocket
and even rape in the case of ladies. Also, it is dinner time, it's an ample time for the family
to gather at the table.
Nowadays, people had an experience with curfew. It is an order specifying a time
during which certain regulations apply. But in legal terms, curfews are more than just
house rules that can result in a firm if violated. Curfews are also laws that effectively
prohibit or limit that right to be out in public at certain times, or in some cases, require
businesses to close their doors during certain hours.
Most of the youth are involved in various cases and are addicted to drugs and
some are being used in crimes by syndicates to have a better understanding about curfew
as disciplinary measure, this study aims to find out the effectiveness of curfew as a help
in disciplining youth. This study is conducted to analyze “The use of curfew as disciplinary
measure in Santa Rosa Laguna”.
Background of the study
Within the past two decades, teenager have been engaging in or illegal activity
such as drugs, alcohol, or robberies, than in the past. Therefore, large cities are starting to
enact curfew laws that are aimed towards keeping teenagers off of the streets during

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certain hours in attempt to minimize the crime rates among this age group. Looking at it
from a perspective that is relatively uniform about the topic many citizens are in favor of
juvenile curfews, despite their ineffectiveness about violation of first amendment rights. On
other hand, many analysts of this issue believe that is merely a waste of police resources
because it does not help to prevent any teenage crimes. Whether or not these curfews are
actually effective and reducing the engagement in illegal activities is as topic that is being
studied and debated very heavily.
A town may set a curfew for teenagers, for example, although many parents
impose a stricter curfew for their own kids. The originally of curfew during the middle ages,
houses in European towns were often made of wood and were close together, and fires go
quickly spread from house to house, to prevent this, people were required to out their
health fires by a certain time in the evening. A bell was rung as a signal when had come. In
early French the signal was still curfew. A common curfew regulation required people to be
off the streets by a given time. That was the meaning of the word when it was borrowed
into Middle English as curfew.
On August 22, 1977, President Ferdinand Marcos announced that he was lifting the
nightly curfew and the travel ban as his first step towards relaxing the restrictions imposed
under martial law. When President Marcos declared martial law on September 21, 1972 by
virtue of Proclamation No. 1081, it curtailed press freedom and other civil liberties, close
down congress and media establishments, and effected the arrest of opposition leaders
and militant activists.
The declaration of martial law was initially well received, given the social turmoil the
Philippines was then experiencing, including the re-emergence of the communist
movement. Among its some desirable result was the significant reduction of the crime rate

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after a nightly curfew was implemented nationwide. Marcos eventually lifted, a trial law on
January 1717, 1981.
The province of Laguna is implementing a curfew for the youth roaming at bight not
accompanied by elders or their guardian. The Laguna police and local government units
(LGUs) have agreed to implement local ordinances regarding the curfew. The Philippine
National Police (PNP) asked the LGUs to implement their ordinance for the safety of the
youth who are fond of midnight activities. The curfew starts at 10pm those people who are
affected by this has the age of 18 years old and below.
Numerous barangays, towns and cities have passed ordinances against minors are
classified as status offences and are therefore illegal. The section states: any conduct not
considered as an offence or penalized if committed by an adult shall not be punished if
committed by an adult shall not be punished if committed by child. Below or some of the
essential provision of the set law sec 4. Paragraph (r) of RA 9344 includes curfew
violations under the term status offence
Local authorities are now strengthen the implementation of their existing
ordinances imposing curfew on minors. In Mandaluyong, 58 teenagers 15 and below from
different
Barangays were arrested on Monday night after they were caught by police roaming the
streets past the city 10 p.m. curfew. The teenager were temporarily brought to the police
headquarters for their parents or guardian to fetch them. the city not only The city, imposes
a 10 p.m. curfew on minors but also holds parents responsible if ever their children violate
the curfew or get involved in a crime. The parents were remind by the police that they were
in violation of Ordinance No. 538, or the Code of Parental Responsibility, which has been
implemented since March 2014.

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According to some citizens of the Santa Rosa, curfew is a big help for parents in
disciplining their children and for maintaining peace. (E. Morillo, personal communication,
August 09, 2019) as a mom, having curfew is a great way to discipline minors. They might
not realize the importance of this but in the long run, they are the ones who will benefit. It is
without a doubt that crimes are everywhere and we want to protect our kids in every
possible way. Nothing's wrong with teenagers being outside late at night for a really good
reason, and the law says as long as they're with adult - I think it's reasonable. (R. Vazquez,
personal communication, August 09, 2019 ) I agree with having a curfew law for minors.it
lessens crime and parents would need not worry about the whereabouts of their children
during late hours if a curfew is being implemented in their area. (J. Cruz, personal
communication, August 09, 2019) It depends, for me it is okay to give curfew and to not
give curfew. There should be balance depending on the situation. Too much is always not
good. (K. Prado, personal communication, August 09, 2019) Curfew for minors should be
implemented by the local government. It is to ensure that the possible accounts for crime
will be lessened. Due to the curfew, families can spend more quality time for their children
and have a harmonious relationship within the family and their neighbors. For the law
enforcers, they can focus now on bigger scenarios instead of eating up their time settling
petty quarrels of minors. (J. Clarito, personal communication, August 09, 2019) I agree. In
every place here in the Philippines, Government, who governs the Filipinos must sure the
safety of everyone. By the help of the law of curfew for minors, we just do not avoiding
crimes that might actually cause by minors but we are helping those minors to be away
from any accidents or dangers.
For some local barangay employees the effectiveness of curfew in maintaining
peace and disciplining youth, since the day it was implemented has proven. From Market

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Area as one of the barangays who is implementing curfew. (L. Barroso, personal
communication, August, 2019) Having a curfew in our area helps to keep the peace, since
the curfew was implemented we have not caught any youth if we caught them violating the
curfew law they will be cleaning the some part of the village as a punishment.
Theoretical Framework
In the study of Maslows hierarchy of needs as cited in the study of psychological
science of Schaller (2010), safely needs in Maslows hierarchy refer to the need for security
and protection. When people have their physiological needs for food and water met, their
safety needs dominate their behavior. These needs have to do with their natural desire for
a predictable, orderly world that is somewhat within mans control. Safety needs in todays
world can manifest themselves as a job security, savings accounts, insurance policies,
financial security, and health and well-being. Taking the account to consider the stages of
needs of human person safety is included. This premise provides a certain ideas among
researcher in understanding how important safety among people and how they view the
society law implemented in the community. The proponents will evaluate how they perceive
the level of safety that they get from the government and how functional the ordinances or
laws that the country has. In connection to the theory on the study of street crimes by
Lundman (2012), research on deterrence has shown a lot of interest on street crimes.
There is a significant correlation between curfew laws and the reduction or deflection of
deviant criminal activities. In other words , strict curfew enforcement follows deterrence
theory, which argues that a certain, swift, and severe punishment will cause juvenile to
rationally weigh consequences and commit fewer criminal acts In connection to the
premise, the researcher correspond question to ask among respondents if the law has a
direct impact in imposing safety environment which is free hazard and destructions. The

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proponents will evaluate the effectiveness of certain provided by the government or law
enforcers
Figure 2. Theoretical Paradigm

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Conceptual Framework
Input Process Output

1. What is the profile of the
respondents in terms of:
1.1 Age
1.2 Sex
1.3 Residency
1.4 Academic Status
2. How the respondents the use Survey Questionnaire

of curfew as disciplinary An understanding
Data Gathering procedure of the use of curfew
measure? to get the information
as disciplinary
2.1 Crime Prevention data from the participant
measure in City Of
2.2 Eliminates Accident Sta. Rosa Laguna
2.3 Promotes Peace and Analysis interpretation
Orderliness data
2.4 Promotion Discipline
3. Is there any significant
difference in the perceive use of
curfew as disciplinary measure
and the profile of the
respondents?
FEEDBACK
Figure 2. Conceptual Paradigm
Figure 2 shows the conceptual framework of the study titled The Use of Curfew as
Disciplinary Measure in City of Santa Rosa Laguna ". The conceptual framework discusses
the aspects that should be involved in the study such as the profile of the respondents and
How the respondents perceive the use of curfew as disciplinary measure in terms of
some given variables. In addition, it shows the step that the researchers would undergo
and the expected result or outcomes of this study.

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Input frame includes the profile of the respondents in terms of their age, gender,
residency ,academic status and how the respondents perceive the use of curfew as
disciplinary measure in terms of Crime Prevention ,Eliminates accident, Promotes peace
and orderliness and
The process frame presented the procedure undertaken by the researchers
throughout the study. These are the survey, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of
data.
The study aimed to analyse the use of curfew as disciplinary measure in City Of Sta.
Rosa Laguna
Statement of the Problem
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Age
1.2 Sex
1.3 Residency
1.4 Academic Status
2. How do the respondents perceive the use of curfew as disciplinary measure?
2.1 Crime Prevention
2.2 Elimination of accident
2.3 Promotion of peace and orderliness
2.4 Promotion of Discipline
3. Is there any significant relationship in the perceive use of curfew as disciplinary measure
and the profile of the respondents?

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Hypothesis
There is no significant difference of curfew hour as disciplinary measure in City Of
Santa Rosa.
Scope and Delimitation
This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of curfew as disciplinary
measure in city of Santa Rosa Laguna this 2019.
There are some villages in the city of Santa Rosa that uses curfew as a disciplinary
measures and a lot of young people are covered by it. The researchers conducted and
used survey questionnaire to gather information. The researcher's respondents will be the
selected citizens of every barangay in Santa Rosa who uses curfew law. Juvenile curfew
focus only on disciplining the youth that is why the age of the respondent will be 17 and
below.
It delimits that the study may not be generalizable to other populations of youth
citizens in city of Santa Rosa, and should not be conducted outside the City premises. The
study is only beneficial for youth citizens of Santa Rosa.
Significance of the Study
The purpose of this study is to present the effectiveness of using curfew as a
disciplinary measure in selected Barangays in Santa Rosa, Laguna and to use the
perception of the respondents by their experiences through this study. The researchers
and also the readers would have an idea about the use of curfew and the advantages of it.
The information that has been gathered in research for this study can give helpful ideas to
government officials, citizens, parents and teenagers to use curfew as a method in
disciplinary. The study would be beneficial the following:

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Barangay Officials. This study helps to inform them about the conditions of the
teenagers that caught in curfew and to maintain and ensure the safety of everyone and
also it will help them to sup press youth to engage violence and crime.
Residents. This study will help the following residents for them to be aware and to
avoid any violence during late nights. Also they can share the awareness and able to be
responsible of guarding their community by assessing their needs. In the same way,
residents should categorize those who out beyond the curfew limit as delinquents.
Parents. This study could benefits the parents to discipline their child and to
recognize that being late at night in the street is not safe for their child especially to minors.
Researchers. This study will help inform us to be safe every time as a minor we
need to know some information about curfew.
Future Researchers. This study can be used as reference material freely
predetermines some of existing data and information that was accumulated by the
present researcher it can be source material for some purposes and other research which
cover some study.
Definition of Terms
For the motive of rationalization, the vital terms used conceptually and operationally
defined within the examine had been described.
Crime- An act or omission which is prohibited by criminal law and punished, usually
by fine or imprisonment. In the study the researchers used the word as an illegal activities
in which a person may be punished by the government as stated by Misdemenor,
(2011).The researchers used the word as It is a serious offense especially in the morality
of the people of the city of Santa Rosa.

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Curfew- A sentence or bail condition that gives the individual the freedom to move
about in the community so long as they return to their residence for the hours specified
(often 9 p.m. to 7 a.m.) as stated by Eby and Goodman, (2005). In the study the
researchers use the word as an order or law that requires the whole citizens to be inside
their house after certain time at night here at city of Santa Rosa
Juvenile- Relating to a young person who is not yet old enough to be considered an
adult as stated by Cambridge, (2010). In the research the researchers use the word to
define the young people of Santa Rosa who is not old enough to be legally considered as
an adult.
Law-The system of rules which a particular country or community recognizes as
regulating the actions of its members and which it may enforce by the imposition of
penalties as stated by Lexico, (2009). The researchers use the word as a rules or
regulation that must be followed by the citizens of Santa Rosa for the safetyness of the
community especially for the minors.
Society-. Society exists only where social beings behave toward one another in ways
determined by their recognition of one another. The more complex a society is, the more
varied the social relationships are. Society, however, is not restricted to humans alone as
stated by MacIver, (1987). The researchers used the word to define a group of people in
general thought of as living together in the communities with shared laws, and values in
Santa Rosa.

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Chapter 2
REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the literary reviews of the study entitled: The Use of Curfew
as Disciplinary Measure in City of Santa Rosa Laguna: These are the related literature
information that may help the researchers to have an idea for the research and to gather
information about the research topic to support and to prove the study. This also provide
background information about the problem related concepts. Theories that explain the
existence of the problem and the possible connection between certain factors and the
problem.
In terms of age:
TEEN SCENE: Curfew Law Should be enforced
Welsh (2016), stated that Curfews have many advantages that teenagers might not
realize; these advantages include staying out of trouble, better time management, less
sleep deprivation, and increased focus in school. When following curfews, teens tend to
stay out of trouble more because criminal activity or high-risk behavior is more likely to
occur later in the evening when parental supervision is not present. Curfews help teens to
become used to setting a schedule which they routinely follow, and become able to
develop important time management skills which they will carry out into adulthood. Being
able to manage time effectively is useful in a variety of situations including school, work,
and personal relationships. Setting curfews also help teens to be able to get to sleep at a
decent time, which leads to subsequent focus and wakefulness in school, this could
ultimately even lead to better grades.

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Lower criminal age of responsibility? Fully implement Juvenile Justice Law first
Tomacruz (2018), stated that the full and legitimate usage of the Adolescent Equity
and Welfare Act, not the bringing down the period of criminal obligation, will help kids in
danger and in strife with the law from carrying out wrongdoings, Adolescent Equity and
Welfare Gathering (JJWC) approach and research official Jackielou Bagadiong said on
Thursday, August 23. "The JJWC advocates for the full execution first of the law on the
grounds that there are still a great deal of misguided judgments of the Adolescent Equity
and Welfare act – that the youngster consistently pulls off whatever wrongdoing the
individual in question does however its false," Bagadiong said during the Branch of
Training's first national kid assurance summit. Bagadiong said recommendations from
officials on bringing down the time of criminal duty from 15 years of age to a "bargain" of
12 years of age depended on reports that "publicity" the possibility of youngsters in strife
with the law. (DSWD boss: Lower period of criminal risk 'hostile to poor,' won't control
wrongdoing) Legislators prior proposed to bring down the criminal time of responsibility,
saying grown-up hoodlums intentionally utilize youth to carry out grievous violations,
realizing they can't be held criminally obligated.
"The kid still has this risk yet we don't keep them since given the present condition
of our correctional facilities, it wouldn't be conceivable, it would hurt our future age in the
event that we do that," she said. Republic Act 9344 or the Adolescent Equity Law of 2006
sets the base time of criminal risk at 15 years of age. This implies those between 15 to 18
years of age might be confined in youth focuses and experience restoration programs.
Those under 15 years of age are absolved from criminal obligation and experience
intercession. To place kids in prison would resemble placing them in "schools of
wrongdoing," Bagadiong said. "Our correctional facilities in the Philippine setting (are) what

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we can call school(s) of wrongdoing. In the event that a kid enters correctional facility, one
can be guaranteed that when the person in question turns out, she will have had a system
of culprits that can help the person in question later on," she said.
Lowering criminal liability age leads youth to negative path
Cayabyab (2016), stated that a doctor and psychology professor at the Ateneo De
Manila University (AdMU) on Monday told lawmakers that lowering the age of criminal
liability to nine years old would lead the youth to a “negative” path to adulthood.
During a justice subcommittee hearing on correctional reforms at the House of
Representatives, Dr. Liane Peña Alampay said that children as young as nine years old have
discernment on whether or not what they’re doing is right or wrong, but they have no
capacity to act on that knowledge.
Dinagat Islands Rep. Kaka Bag-ao, who opposed the measure, said that based on
police figures from 2006 to 2012, only two percent of criminals are children and that the
crimes involving youth offenders are mostly petty crimes such as robbery and crimes against
property. Meanwhile, Department of Social Welfare and Development Undersecretary Vilma
Cabrera said that in 2006, or the year the law placing the age of criminal responsibility to 15
was passed, only 1,955 children committed crimes, or 2.67 percent of 73,181 total number of
individuals who committed crimes. In 2012, only 5,308 children committed crimes or 2.38
percent of the total number of individuals who committed offenses of the law, Cabrera added.
Curfew, Minors
Based on Saint Paul Minnesota, (2019) Unaccompanied minors, 15 years of age or

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under, are not allowed to loiter, or play on or in public places from 10:00 pm to 4:00 am
daily. Unaccompanied minors over 15 and under 18 are restricted from public places from
12:01 am to 4:00 am daily. It is unlawful for parents, guardians or other adults having
charge over a minor to allow or permit that minor to violate curfew.
The Impact of Juvenile Curfew Laws on Arrests of Youth and Adults
Kline, (2017). Stated that Youth curfew ordinances are a widely touted, yet little
studied, policy tool available to local police departments. This paper evaluates the
effectiveness of curfew ordinances by comparing the arrest behavior of various age-groups
within a city before and after curfew enactment. The evidence suggests that curfews are
effective at reducing both violent and property crimes committed by juveniles below the
statutory curfew age. Arrests of adults and youth above the curfew age also appear to
decrease in the wake of curfew enactment, however these effects are smaller and
statistically insignificant.
Juvenile Curfew Effects on Criminal Behavior and Victimization
Wilson, Gill, Olaghere, McClure and Dave (2016), Curfews restrict youth below a
certain – usually 17 or 18 – from public places during night time. For example, the Prince
George's County, Maryland, curfew ordinance restricts youth younger than 17 from public
places between 10 P.M. and 5 A.M. on weekdays and between midnight and 5 A.M. on
weekends. Sanctions range from a fine that increases with each offense, community
service, and restrictions on a youth's driver's license. Close to three quarters of US cities
have curfews, which are also used in Iceland. A juvenile curfew has common sense
appeal: keep youth at home during the late night and early morning hours and you will
prevent them from committing a crime or being a victim of a crime. In addition, the potential

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for fines or other sanctions deter youth from being out in a public place during curfew
hours. Juvenile curfews have received numerous legal challenges. The constitutiona
Curfew as for Crime Prevention:
Curfew as Tools for Eliminating Crimes
According to the study of crime prevention of Alonzo (2014), Cities across the
country have used youth curfews to address growing public concern about juvenile crime
and violence. By reducing the number of youth on the street during certain hours, curfews
are assumed to lower the risk factors associated with youth crime. In addition to preventing
crime, the curfews are also argued to protect youth from dangerous situations. Curfews
have been widely cited by policy makers as an effective tool for reducing crime while
academic research shows mixed results. A multi-layered approach is suggested to
reduce juvenile crime, including graffiti removal and prevention, after school and evening p
rograms, employment programs, mentorship, and early childhood intervention. Although
these tools may not completely eradicate the issue, it may provide a starting point in
crime prevention.
The Effectiveness of Juvenile Curfews at Crime Prevention
Adams (2016), stated that juvenile curfew laws have become a pervasive and
popular strategy for controlling juvenile crime. Public opinion is solidly behind the use of
curfews, and the primary basis for this support is the notion that curfews make streets
safer. This article provides preliminary results from a systematic review of empirical
research on juvenile curfews, concluding that the evidence does not support the argument
that curfews prevent crime and victimization. Juvenile crime and victimization are most
likely to remain unchanged after implementation of curfew laws. Other aspects of curfew
research, such as efficiency at detecting criminal activity, costs of enforcement, crime

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displacement, counterintuitive findings, and characteristics of curfew violators also are
discussed. Finally, suggestions for future research are offered.
Juvenile Curfew Effects on Criminal Behavior and Victimization
Wilson, Gill, Olaghere, McClure and Dave (2016), Curfews restrict youth below a
certain – usually 17 or 18 – from public places during night time. For example, the Prince
George's County, Maryland, curfew ordinance restricts youth younger than 17 from public
places between 10 P.M. and 5 A.M. on weekdays and between midnight and 5 A.M. on
weekends. Sanctions range from a fine that increases with each offense, community
service, and restrictions on a youth's driver's license. Close to three quarters of US cities
have curfews, which are also used in Iceland. A juvenile curfew has common sense
appeal: keep youth at home during the late night and early morning hours and you will
prevent them from committing a crime or being a victim of a crime. In addition, the potential
for fines or other sanctions deter youth from being out in a public place during curfew
hours. Juvenile curfews have received numerous legal challenges. The constitutional basis
for infringing the rights of youth rests on the assumption that they reduce juvenile crime
and victimization. This review synthesizes the evidence on the effectiveness of juvenile
curfews in reducing criminal behavior and victimization among youth.
Crime Prevention in Youth
According to Nickens (2013), Kids in this growing generation are the future lawyers,
athletes, entrepreneurs, teachers, actors, police, fire fighters, business executives, and
leaders. If today’s youth are not better helped with financial well-being, education,
guidance, values, morals, leadership, role models. And other positive support and outlets
the future of our society could be doomed. Today’s youth are burdened by substance
abuse, gangs, unemployment, poverty, peer pressure, unsafe environments, and broken

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homes just to name a few. If someone doesn’t come up with a way to resolve this growing
issue of violence and crime surrounding our youth a productive future will not exist.
More time, money, resources, patience and tender loving care need to be invested
into this growing issue. One of the leading causes of crime and violence surrounding
young children is poverty. Children that come from homes that are not financially stable are
either picked on or start to commit crimes in order to keep up their peers that are finically
better off than them. Youth that come from low-income families tend to pick up bad habits
such as robbing, stealing, bullying and even killing all, because they tend to be jealous or
mad at the fact that someone has something they cannot afford. If youth employment or
after school programs was implemented all year- round throughout the region this could be
a resolution to the problem of poverty surrounding our youth. These types of programs can
help youth earn money to obtain the proper things they need so they will not have to use
crime and violence as their way of obtaining their wants and needs. Peer pressure is
another way so many youth are involved in crime and violence.
A lot of children refrain from being picked on by hanging out with the in-crowd
(also known as the popular kids.) When kids are trying to fit in most of the times anything
will be done to keep their place in the in-crowd even if it means assaulting, killing,
threating, harassing, robbing, fighting, bullying or stealing. Children are easily influenced
by their environment and peer pressure. When these children grow up in poverty-stricken
areas or households, they are more likely to be exposed to violence and crime. Since this
is what they see every day, they begin to believe are the things they should do. If there
were more after school programs, recreational centers, mentors, youth retreats, and other
beneficial programs developed to influence youths to stay on the right track or just to give
them a positive role model in their life, I believe so many youths would not commit crimes.

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These programs should not be just reserved for kids who get arrested and assigned as
penalties. Without having programs and productive things for children to do boredom will
surely led them down wrong path.
Graffiti offenders: Juvenile case issue
According to gang war cases study by Allen (2015), cities have used a variety of
approaches to counter the prevalence of graffiti, especially gang related graffiti. There are
two overarching strategies that can be taken when dealing with graffiti: remove it
and prevent it. Most cities attack graffiti with both strategies. Graffiti reporting hotlines,
Neighborhood volunteer groups, and dedicated graffiti removal staff are the most.
Curfew as for Elimination of Accidents:
Road traffic casualties: understanding the night‐time death tool
Plains, Murray, and Pallikaris (2016), Stated that a disproportionate number of fatal
injuries occur after dark. The paper presents some statistics of road traffic injuries in a
novel way which suggests that low luminance plays a major role in this effect. A sound
physiological explanation for this is advanced based on the poor temporal characteristics
of rod photoreceptors. It is argued that processing information based on low luminance,
low contrast targets is much slower than that for high contrast bright targets. To test the
idea, simple visual reaction times were measured under typical low visibility conditions. It is
shown that longer reaction times translate into significantly increased stopping distances.
This important point has received insufficient attention in the road safety literature, by the
Highways Agency, the police, injury prevention officials, and the UK Highway Code.

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The Curfew Myth
Roman (2018), stated that a voluminous body of research has cast strong doubts
on the claims that juvenile curfew laws prevent victimization or reduce juvenile crime, but
these findings have received scant attention from policy makers or police. A systematic
review of research literature on juvenile curfew programs was published in 2016 by the
Campbell Collaboration, a nonprofit that synthesizes research studies for policy-makers.
Campbell examined over 7,000 studies on juvenile curfews and synthesized the 12 most
rigorous studies. The report stated that, “evidence suggests that juvenile curfews are
ineffective at reducing crime and victimization. The average effect on juvenile crime during
curfew hours was slightly positive — that is a slight increase in crime — and close to zero
for crime during all hours. Similarly, juvenile victimization also appeared unaffected by the
imposition of a curfew ordinance.”
Staying Out Late & Curfew
Based on the perspective of the healthy living organization (2019), adolescents are
programmed to hate curfew because they think it is about control or trust. A curfew is a
reflection of you r concern for your child’s safety and well-being, so present it as such. Your
teen may push back with “I’m the only kid who has to be in at 11” (probably not true, but
don’t go there). You need to respond “I love you, I care about you, I want to help keep you
safe.”
Night Accidents, The most dangerous time to drive.
According to National Safety Council, (2019) shorter days, fatigue, compromised
night vision, rush hour and impaired drivers are some of the risks we face when driving at

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night. These risks become especially pronounced moving into the weekend, with fatal
crashes peaking on Saturday nights, according to NSC analysis of NHTSA data. When
Daylight Saving Time ends – for 2019, that's 2 a.m. Sunday, Nov. 3 – many people will find
themselves spending more time driving in the dark. Depth perception, color recognition
and peripheral vision can be compromised in the dark, and the glare of headlights from an
oncoming vehicle can temporarily blind a driver.
Curfew as for Promotion of Peace and Orderliness:
Youth and Sustainable Peace
A researched by Dunhill (2018), children and young people suffer the most from the
impact of war and in post conflict rebuilding. According to a recent Save the Children
report, children and young people are more at risk in conflict situations now, than they have
been at any time in the last 20 years. Yet they are not responsible for any of the decisions
or the actions that led to conflict or to the policies that were developed afterwards, all of
which directly impact on them. The good news is that many young women and men are
committed to preventing violence, and generating Peace around the world and States are
recognizing the valuable and insightful input that young people can have, when they are
given the opportunity to participate and engage with decision-making bodies.
Promoting Peace
According to Community Tool Box Organization (2019), this is about peace, a most
fundamental asset to community building, to personal growth, and to the very survival of
our planet. At the heart of many faiths, practices, and cultures, advancing peaceful co-
existence is essential to ensuring productive, meaningful lives and sustainable societies.

23
After providing a working definition of peace, our main focus will be on practical steps one
can take to advance peace, so that we can strengthen ourselves and our communities.
We’ll supplement this guidance with examples throughout. These come from initiatives
stimulated by the Charter for Compassion, its partner organizations, and many others who
offer practical models that individuals, groups, and/or governments can employ for peace-
building. We will also consider how we, as individuals, can be enriched by establishing
peace within our individual lives, even in the most challenging of circumstances.
Investing in Peace
According to Community Tool Box Organization (2019), we must also invest in
peace. This includes establishing “Departments of Peace,” not just departments of war,
and devoting more resources toward promoting peace rather than towards developing
militias.
The Global Alliance for Ministries and Infrastructures for Peace works toward this goal.
Four Ministries of Peace have been established as of this posting – in Costa Rica, Nepal,
Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea – while the South Sudan, Philippines, and
Kyrgyzstan have Offices of Peace at the highest levels of government. Such institutions
can strengthen international laws and systems of justice that can assure enforcement of
human rights.
International assistance also must be directed toward laying the economic foundations for
peace. The United States spends only 1.4% of its annual budget on foreign aid; almost
one-third of that is for military assistance. Spending within the domestic budget is even
more heavily weighted toward the military; for fiscal year 2015, the U.S. invested 16% of its
total budget, and 54% of its discretionary budget, in direct military expenditures (not

24
including veterans benefits and other related costs), yet only 3% on education. This has a
tremendous impact on all our communities in terms of quality of life and community
security.
Living Peaceably with Others
According to American Community Survey (2014), thirteen percent of people living
in America were born outside the country rather than being fearful or resentful, learn about
those in your area who are following America’s great tradition of immigration and their
contributions to its prosperity. What are their cultures, traditions, assets, and needs? How
can you draw upon what they have to offer, ease their transitions, and help welcome them
into the fabric of your community?
To learn the answer, you may have to reach out and extend yourself. You might start by
going to events where you can learn more and offer assistance.
As individuals, we need to recognize the extent to which all of us are interdependent. It
behoves us to direct our energy and resources toward supporting, not harming, one
another. The person we dismiss or even hate today may be connected in ways we don't
realize to our own well-being.
You can make a tremendous difference by welcoming others into your life and community.
This starts with gaining an awareness of those you may not have thought about who are
new to the community, or simply new to you. They may be at work, at schools you or your
children attend, down the street, or in isolated pockets of your community.

25
House bill 1035– Karaoke curfew
Gomez (2016), as cited in Philippine Star (2016), the anti- videoke bill has been
filed by Quezon Representative Angelina Tan, the bill prohibits use of loud musical
instruments, and other sound-amplifying equipment past 10 p.m. Anyone who violates the
law will be punished with a fine of one thousand pesos, or worse, may face imprisonment
of not more than six months. The license of businesses that violate may also be revoked.
This law is one of the examples of business curfew that is nationwide implemented in the
country to avoid noise disturbance in the community. It is part of the research to evaluate if
this was currently followed by the community.
Curfew as for Promotion of Discipline:
Discipline Strategies for Teenagers
According to Rising Children (2014) the reason why teenagers need to test the limit
it is because they have the job of developing into independent adults. One way they do this
is to test boundaries, and then see how others react to their behaviour. This teachers them
what the social expectations are. As they get feedback, they learn what is expected. On
top of this the teenage brain goes through massive growth and development during
adolescence. As a result teenagers try new things but do not always make good decisions.
They are more influenced by peers. And they feel things more intensely than you do. At the
same time, teenagers are getting better seeing the big picture and reasoning. This means
they question their world more and use creative ways to solve problem. For all these
reasons, it might sometimes feel like you are on a collision course with your child. But you
can work around obstacles with your child and guide him away from tricky situations.
Working with Youth Vulnerable

26
In the article, Working with Vulnerable Youth (2014), for young people, the period
between 12 and 25 is a critical time during which they experience significant physical,
mental and emotional changes. While most young people manage the transition from
childhood, through adolescence to adulthood successfully, a minority do not. Some young
people are at particular risk because they have additional challenges to overcome and
fewer resources and supports to draw on; these young people face a higher risk of doing
poorly and not reaching their full potential. This document identifies key concepts and
principles relevant to understanding and working with vulnerable young people. It is
intended to inform the work of organizations, so that the service to vulnerable young South
Australians are provided in a manner that supports them to achieve the same outcomes
that are sought for all young South Australians- that they have strong sense of well-being
and are positive about their futures (Anonymous, 2014).
Staying Out Late & Curfew
Fred (2015), young people are modified to detest check in time since they
contemplate control or trust. A time limit is an impression of you r worry for your youngster
is wellbeing and prosperity, so present it in that capacity. Your youngster may push back
with "I'm the main child who must be in at 11" (presumably false, however do not go there).
You have to react "I adore you, I care about you, I need to help protect you."
Implementation of Curfew to Minors Help in the Promotion of Discipline
Beshaierre (2016), stated that "Curfew. When people say this word, lot of teenagers
will react to this especially those teenagers who are used to going out at night with their
friends. When President Rodrigo Duterte won as a candidate for President in the Republic

27
of the Philippines, curfew has been implemented. Teenagers who are 18 years old has a
time limit, they are just allowed to stay outside at 10:00 in the evening or else their parents
will face the consequence which is to stay in the jail. So if someone would ask if the
implementation of curfew to minors would help to promote discipline, my answer would be
yes.
By implementing the curfew, the teenagers would stay to their home and this would
lessen the problem that the minors are facing these days. If they would obey this, then it is
not impossible to achieve the change that we are aiming. As what they say, disciplined
people are those who follow rules and those who cooperate. If we want others to be
disciplined then of course we must start from ourselves first.
Having curfew in our country would help us to become better. I believed that
there's still a chance to change this country by implementing such rules or laws. Well, for
me I don't have any problem with the curfew because I understand that the main reason
for this is to keep the minors safe and to teach us how to be disciplined. Aside from that,
this is also message to our parents to not take us for granted and keep an eye to their
children, so that they are fully aware of what there are doing.
Synthesis of the Reviewed Related Literatures and Studies
The cited literatures and studies are relevant to the present studies. Most of the
provided the researchers with some knowledge about curfew as disciplinary measure and
how the barangay officials influenced their community. To sum up the information that we
gathered, Juvenile curfew can be a tools to eliminate accidents and to prevent the crime
for the peace and orderliness of the following residents.

28
Curfew laws have been challenged on the grounds that they are unconstitutional,
based on violations of freedom of speech, equal protection and due process, freedom of
movement, rights of parents to rear their children, and that the youths are mostly not
adjudicated delinquents (Wilson et al. 2016; Schwartz and Wang 2015; Yeide 20014). The
constitutional basis for infringing on the rights of youth rests on the assumption that
curfews reduce juvenile crime and victimization. The results of the challenges are mixed,
but Wilson and colleagues (2016), note that the more exceptions for `acceptable activities
(for example, legitimate employment) a given policy provides, the more likely it is to survive
a challenge on constitutional grounds.
One way they do this is to test boundaries, and then see how others react to their
behavior. As they get feedback, they learn what is expected. On top of this the teenage
brain goes through massive growth and development during adolescence. This means
they question their world more and use creative ways to solve problem. Research by
Children and young people suffer the most from the impact of war and in post conflict
rebuilding. According to a recent Save the Children report, children and young people are
more at risk in conflict situations now, than they have been at any time in the last 20 years.
Yet they are not responsible for any of the decisions or the actions that led to conflict or to
the policies that were developed afterwards, all of which directly impact on them. While
most young people manage the transition from childhood, through adolescence to
adulthood successfully, a minority do not.

29
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter deals with the discussion of the research methodologies that will
be used in the study. This includes the research design, sources of data, data gathering
instruments, sampling instruments, sampling techniques, procedures of the study and the
statistical treatment that were employed of the study.
Research Design
The research design will be using the descriptive method of research to
determine the perception of the teenagers of selected brgy in City of Santa Rosa Laguna
the data will be collected will be used to test the hypothesis and will answer questions
regarding the study The use of curfew as disciplinary measure in selected barangay in city
of Santa Rosa Laguna will be computed.
The Respondents
The respondents of the study will be the youth of Santa Rosa who
experienced curfew .The total number of respondents is one hundred eight (108), using the
qouta sampling the number of respondents for each barangay will be six (6) youth. The
respondents were currently living at Santa Rosa City Laguna.

30
Sampling Technique
The researcher used the multi-stage sampling technique. The convenience/
accidental sampling and quota sampling. This technique used to determine or to know the
availability and interest of the respondents to the importance of curfew and divide each
respondents as representative for each barangay
Instrumentation
The researchers will develop self- made questionnaire which is composing of
questions with four point liker scale with the following interpretation such as 4- Strongly
Agree 3- Agree 2- Disagree 1- No Idea. The questionnaire will be constructed under
supervision of the thesis adviser. The items on the questionnaire will be presented to the
panel of experts for validation, after the validation, the questionnaire will be distributed to
the target respondents.
Data Gathering Procedure
The following will be performed in conducting the study. First the researchers
will secure a letter of validation from panelist of Labas Senior High School to conduct their
study. The Letter of Validation will be personally given to the panelist for the approval. After
the panelist approval, the questionnaire will be distributed to the target respondents .The
questionnaire will be returned to the researchers. The data will be tallied, tabulated and
statistically treated.

31
Statistical Treatment
The following statistical treatment will be use is:
1. Weighted Mean, this is used to determine the (a) assessment about The use
of Curfew and (b) the level of perception about the use of curfew as disciplinary method.
Weighted Mean = Σfw

N
Where:
Σ = Symbol of summation
Σfw = Total weighted of frequency
N = Total number of population
2. SCALE INTERVAL - this treatment was employed to set an equal range of the class
interval to interpret computed weighted mean.
Scale Interval = UL-LL

N
Where:
UL = Upper limit of the given assigned weights
LL = Lower limit of the given assigned weights
N = Total number of the assigned weights
3. LIKER SCALE - this scale was used to determine the verbal interpretation of the
weighted mean.

32
Table 1. Liker Scale
NUMERICAL VALUE VERBAL INTERPRETATION

3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree
2.51 – 3.25 Agree
1.76 – 2.50 Disagree
1.00 – 1.75 No Idea
4. PEARSON-R is used to find the relation between two variable which is the profile of
the and the percieve use of curfew as disciplinary measure.
R = SSxy or ∑xy
√(SSxx)(SSyy) √∑x² ∑y²
Where: SS=Sample Size

X = General weigthed mean of profile of the respondent
Y = General weighted mean of percieve use of curfew
R = 108(3.91)(3.20)
√108 (3.91)² 108 (3.20)²
= 108 (12.512)
√108 (15.2881)² 108 (10.24)²
= 1,351.296
(1,651.1148)(1,105.92)
= 1,351.296
√ 1,826,000.88
= 1,351.296
√ 1,826,000.88
R=1

33
Chapter 4
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter deals mainly with the computation of the data which is initially
gathered from the respondents and then subjected to analysis subsequently generating
results used to provide answers to the problems stated in the first chapter. Distinctively,
this study answered the following questions.
Table 2. (Sex)
Sex F P
Male 54 50%
Female 54 50%
Total 108 100
In table 1, it shows that the selected female teenagers with the total of 54, has
percentage of 50% while the selected male teenagers in every barangay in Santa Rosa
has a total of 54 respondents and 50% of percentage. Lumen candela (2014), said “Sex”
refers to physiological differences found among male, female, and various intersex bodies.
Sex includes both primary sex characteristics, typically divided into male and female.
However, anywhere from 1.0 to 1.7% of children are born intersex, having a variation in
sex characteristics (including chromosomes, gonads, or genitals) that do not allow them to
be distinctly identified as male or female.
Table 3. (Age)
Age F P
15 7 6%
16 23 21%
17 78 72%
Total 108 100

34
Table 3 shows that 6% of the selected teenagers in Santa Rosa with the frequency
of 7 respondents are age 15 years old. The 21% of the selected teenagers with the total
frequency of 23 respondents are in the age of 16. 72% of the selected teenagers with the
total frequency of 78 are age of 17. Welsh, (2016) Stated that Curfews have many
advantages that teenagers might not realize; these advantages include staying out of
trouble, better time management, less sleep deprivation, and increased focus in school.
When following curfews, teens tend to stay out of trouble more because criminal activity or
high-risk behavior is more likely to occur later in the evening when parental supervision is
not present.
Table 4. (Residency)
Residency F P
Aplaya 6 6%
Balibago 6 6%
Caingin 6 6%
Dila 6 6%
Dita 6 6%
Dom Jose 6 6%
Ibaba 6 6%
Kanluran 6 6%
Labas 6 6%
Macabling 6 6%
Market Area 6 6%
Maluasak 6 6%
Malitlit 6 6%
Pulong Santa Cruz 6 6%
Pooc 6 6%
Sinalhan 6 6%
Sto. Domingo 6 6 %
Tagapo 6 6%
Total 108 100 %
Table 4 shows the residency of each selected teenagers in Santa Rosa is equal.
Aplaya, Balibago, Kaingin, Dila, Dita, Don Jose, Ibaba, Kanluran, Labas, Macabling,

35
Tagapo, Market Area, Malusak, Pulong Sta Crus, Pooc, Sinalhan, Malitlit and Santo
Domingo have a frequency of 6 respond 6%. Lumburg, (2010) stated that residence refers
to a place of adode that is more than merely temporary. It is also used interchangeably
with the term "domicile". Although a person may have more than one residence, a person
may have only one legal domicile, which is their primary residence for purposes of
obtaining the jurisdiction of the court in the area of domicile.
Table 5. (Educational Status)
Educational F P
Status
Schooling 108 100
Out of School 0 0
Total 108 100
Table 5 shows that 100% of the selected teenagers in Santa Rosa with frequency
of 108 respondents are schooling. The 0% of the selected teenagers with 0 respondent is
the out of school. According to UNESCO, (2015) the number of ‘out-of-school’ children and
youth in Thailand is the fifth in Asia and second in ASEAN. The purposes of this research
are to study ‘out-of-school’ children and youth situations and the results of this study reveal
that the problems of the ‘out-of school’ children and youth include low quality of life, lack of
life skills and social skills, poverty, low achievement in school, and behavior issues which
cause dismissal from school.

36
Table 6. Crime Prevention
I. Crime Prevention Weighted Mean Verbal

Interpretation
1. Curfew does really work in prevention 3.28 Strongly Agree
of crimes.
2. There is low case of youth abused in 3.27 Strongly
the community. Agree
3. Sexual exploitation is not widespread 3.21 Agree
in the community.
4. Fewer teenagers are influenced by 3.14 Agree
illicit drugs.
5. Less youth has been involved with 3.09 Agree
any crime related to robbery.
6. Low number of gangs and syndicates 3.07 Agree
in the community.
7. There is low case of rape incidents in 3.03 Agree
the community.
8. Barangay has rehabilitation 3.01 Agree
program/disciplinary action for curfew.
9. There is low rate of kidnapping cases 2.97 Agree
recorded in the community
10. This law reduce the level of riots and 2.80 Agree
gang war at night.
General Weighted Mean 3.27 Strongly Agree
Table 6 shows the response of the randomly- selected teenagers in curfew for crime
prevention. “Curfew does really work in prevention of crimes”, ranked as the highest
weighted mean, with an average score of 3.28, this means that most of the respondents
are strongly agree on this statement. “This law reduce the level of riots and gang war at
night”, ranked as the lowest weighted mean, with an average score of 2.80, this means
that though this statement have the lowest weighted mean most of the respondents are still
agree. The general weighted mean is 3.27, it means that the teenagers are strongly agree
that curfew really works on prevention of crime.
Table 7. Elimination of Accidents

37
II. Elimination of Accidents Weighted Mean Verbal

Interpretation
1. Curfew brings good value in 3.58 Strongly Agree
prevention/elimination of accidents.
2. The strict implementation of curfews gives 3.32 Strongly Agree
the youth a high level of security in avoiding
accidents at night.
3. Slips, trip, and fall accidents is not 3.25 Agree

common in the community.
4. The law lessen the vehicular accidents in 3.22 Agree
the community including youth.
5. Less accidents happens at night involving 3.12 Agree
youth.
6. As a result of the curfew, the number of 3.05 Agree
youth drivers involved in car collisions has
dropped because they are no longer on
public roads at night.
7. Low vehicle accidents cause by youth 3.05 Agree
due to drunk driving.
8. Motorcycle accidents at night by youth 3.01 Agree
drivers are not common in the community.
9. Gang fights at night which is caused by 2.96 Agree
youths are avoided, because it causes
accidents to people who are not part of it.
10. Staying indoors at night makes me safe 3.05 Agree
in streets accidents.
General Weighted Mean 3.25 Agree
Table 7 shows the response of the randomly- selected teenagers in curfew for
elimination of accidents. “Curfew brings good value in prevention/elimination of accidents”,
ranked as the highest weighted mean, with an average score of 3.58, this means that most
of the respondents are strongly agree on this statement. “Staying indoors at night makes
me safe in streets accidents.”, ranked as the lowest weighted mean, with an average score
of 2.80, this means that though this statement have the lowest weighted mean most of the
respondents are still agree. The general weighted mean is 3.25, it means that the
teenagers are strongly agree that curfew really works on elimination of accidents.

38
Table 8. Promotion of Peace and Orderliness
III. Promotion of Peace and Orderliness Weighted Mean Verbal

Interpretation
1. Curfew protects youth. 3.19 Agree
2. Less curfew violators get caught up. 3.13 Agree
3. Parents must have intimate 3.11 Agree
communication with their children.
4. Community must have CCTV's in some 3.09 Agree
particular areas.
5. Barangay official must roam around and 3.06 Agree
check for violators.
6. Parents should be the first one to advice 2.98 Agree
their children to not go outside at night.
7. Teenager must have a commitment to 2.97 Agree
nonviolence act.
8. The community is happy place to live. 2.95 Agree
9. There are fewer riots in the community at 2.92 Agree
night.
10. Streets are safe and orderly. 2.82 Agree
promotion of peace and orderliness. “Curfew protects youth”, ranked as the highest
are agree on this statement. “Streets are safe and orderly.”, ranked as the lowest weighted
mean, with an average score of 2.82, this means that though this statement have the
lowest weighted mean most of the respondents are still agree. The general weighted mean
is 3.16, it means that the teenagers are strongly agree that curfew really works on
promotion of peace and orderliness.
Table 9. Promotion of Discipline

39
IV. Promotion of Discipline Weighted Mean Verbal

Interpretation
1. There is decrease rate in violence. 3.31 Strongly Agree
2. There is low case of violating the law. 3.30 Agree
3. The community practice respect. 3.19 Agree
4. Teenager knows how to control their selves. 3.15 Agree
5. Curfew does well to your community in 3.14 Agree
terms of youth discipline.
6. Teenagers know how to be responsible. 3.10 Agree
7. Bystander in the area is in decrease rate. 3.09 Agree
8. Community have youth consultations. 3.05 Agree
9. Juvenile curfew laws help kids to 3.03 Agree
understand boundaries.
10. Teenagers know their limitations. 3.03 Agree
promotion of discipline. “theres is decrease rate in violence”, ranked as the highest
are strongly agree on this statement. “Teenagers know their limitations”, ranked as the
lowest weighted mean, with an average score of 3.03, this means that though this
statement have the lowest weighted mean most of the respondents are still agree. The
general weighted mean is 3.13, it means that the teenagers are strongly agree that curfew
really works on promotion of discipline.
Table 10. Relationship Between the Profile of the Respondents and Perceive
Use of Curfew as Disciplinary Measure

40
Significant Tabular Value Correlation Decision

Relationship Value
Significant There is
relationship between significant
the profile of the (x) 3.91 relationship
respondents and the between profile of
perceive use of 1.00 the respondents
curfew as disciplinary (y) 3.20 and the perceive
measure. use of curfew as
disciplinary
measure.
Accepted H1
Table 10 shows that there is significant relationship between the profile of the
respondent and the perceive use of curfew as disciplinary measure with the tabular value
of x= 3.91 y=2.36 with the total correlation value of 1.00, so null hyphothesis is rejected.
Chapter 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

41
This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and
recommendations based on the data that were gathered during the conduct of the
research study.
Statement of the Problem
1. Profile of the respondents.
1.1 Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Sex
Based on the data gathered from youth of Santa Rosa, the researchers found that
50% of the sample size which is equivalent to 54 respondents out of 108 are female and
another 50% of them are males.
1.2 Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Age
Based on the gathered information, the researchers defines that 6% or 7 youth
respondents are in the age of 15 years old, 23% or 27 youth respondents are in the age
of 16 years old , and 72% or 78 youth respondents are in the age of 17 years old.
1.3 Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Academic Status
The data gathered by the researchers shows that the 108 of the respondents which
is equivalent to 100% of them are schooling while 0% or there is no respondent who is
out of school. This means that all of the youth respondents are schooling and there is no
out of school youth respondents on the data gathered.
1.4 Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Residency

42
Researchers gathered information shows that every barangay have equal number of
respondents which mean that every barangay have 6% of the total sample size or 6
respondents each. The researchers shows also that each barangay have equal number
of representative youth as respondents for each barangays.
2. Perceptions on the use of Curfew as Discipline
2.1 Prevention of Crime
Based on the data collected by the researchers this shown that the effectiveness of
curfew as tool for crime prevention is very effective as the respondents total response is
3.27 to the survey and data shows that they “Strongly Agree” that the curfew gives a
protect them as youth and prevent crime in their community . The law reduce the riot and
gang wars .There are few youth influenced by illicit drugs. The law also lessen the
number of youth involving in different crimes such as robbery, sexual exploitations and
kidnapping. There is low number of gangs and syndicates in the community and each
barangay have rehabilitation program or disciplinary action for curfew.
2.2 Elimination of Accidents
The data gathered by the researchers shows that the use of curfew as a tool for
elimination of accidents is effective as the respondents total response is 3.25 which
means most of them “Agree”. This tells that Curfew bring a good value in Prevention and
elimination of accidents. The law lessen the vehicular accidents at night in the community
specially those accidents involving youth. Gang war is avoided because it causes

43
accidents to those people who are not part of it. The strict implementation of curfews
gives the youth a high level of security in avoiding accidents at night.
2.3 Promotion of Peace and Orderliness
Based on the data collected by the researchers this shows that the use of curfew as
a tool for promotion of peace and orderliness is effective as the respondents total
response is 3.16 which means most of them “Agree”. This shows that implementation of
curfew law promotes peace an orderliness to the community as it protects youth and
street is safe and orderly. Teenagers does not commit to any violence act such as
violating the curfew law. There is enough security in the community as the barangay
officials roam around every night and there is CCTV’s in some particular area.
2.4 Promotion of Discipline
The data collected by the researchers means that the use of curfew as a tool for
disciplining the youth or promotion of discipline is effective as the respondents total
response is 3.13 which means most of them “Agree”. This tells that the implementation of
this law promotes discipline to youth of Santa Rosa. By this law the community practice
respect and there is low case of violators and the law makes the youth responsible. It
also helps the youth to know their boundaries.
3.Significant relationship Between the Profile od the Respondents and Percieve
Use of Curfew
Based on the computation of the reasearchers using Pearson-R the result shows
that there is significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and perceive

44
use of curfew as disciplinary measure .There is significant relationship between the profile
of the respondent and the perceive use of curfew as disciplinary measure with the tabular
value of x= 3.91 y=2.36 with the total correlation value of 1.00, so null hyphothesis is
rejected.
Conclusions
1. The profile of the respondents in terms of age, most of the respondents have age 17
and the rest is 15-16. On the other hand the profile of the respondents in terms of sex
are equal number of male and female. While the profile of the respondents in terms of
residency is also equal in each barangay of Santa Rosa Laguna. Last the profile of
the respondents in terms of academic status is they are all schooling.
2. The curfew gives a protection to youth and prevent crime in their community. The law
reduce the riot and gang wars. There are few youth influenced buy illicit drugs. It
brings a good value in Prevention and Elimination of accidents. The law lessen the
vehicular accidents at night in the community specially those accidents involving
youth. Implementation of curfew law promotes peace and orderliness to the
community as it protects youth and street is safe and orderly. It also promotes
discipline to youth of Santa Rosa. By this law the community practice respect and
there is low case of violators and the law makes the youth responsible. It also helps
the youth to know their boundaries.
3. There is a significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and the
perceive use of curfew as disciplinary measure.

45
Recommendations
1. We recommend that there must be additional Barangay official to roam around
who may give actions for unexpected riots

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LABAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter includes the introduction, theoretical framework, statement of the

right and what's wrong.

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

involving juveniles, protection of crimes involving juveniles, protection of minors from

predators, and maintenance of the general peace.

to gather at the table.

Nowadays, people had an experience with curfew. It is an order specifying a time

businesses to close their doors during certain hours.

measure in Santa Rosa Laguna”.

Background of the study

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

studied and debated very heavily.

into Middle English as curfew.

and militant activists.

Philippines was then experiencing, including the re-emergence of the communist

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January 1717, 1981.

affected by this has the age of 18 years old and below.

considered as an offence or penalized if committed by an adult shall not be punished if

violations under the term status offence

Local authorities are now strengthen the implementation of their existing

ordinances imposing curfew on minors. In Mandaluyong, 58 teenagers 15 and below from

implemented since March 2014.

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from any accidents or dangers.

For some local barangay employees the effectiveness of curfew in maintaining

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In the study of Maslows hierarchy of needs as cited in the study of psychological

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Figure 2. Theoretical Paradigm

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Input Process Output

2. How the respondents the use Survey Questionnaire

Figure 2. Conceptual Paradigm

and the expected result or outcomes of this study.

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disciplinary measure in terms of Crime Prevention ,Eliminates accident, Promotes peace

and orderliness and

The process frame presented the procedure undertaken by the researchers

Statement of the Problem

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.4 Academic Status

2. How do the respondents perceive the use of curfew as disciplinary measure?

2.1 Crime Prevention

2.2 Elimination of accident

2.3 Promotion of peace and orderliness

2.4 Promotion of Discipline

and the profile of the respondents?

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There is no significant difference of curfew hour as disciplinary measure in City Of

Scope and Delimitation

This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of curfew as disciplinary

measure in city of Santa Rosa Laguna this 2019.

study is only beneficial for youth citizens of Santa Rosa.

Significance of the Study

The purpose of this study is to present the effectiveness of using curfew as a

government officials, citizens, parents and teenagers to use curfew as a method in

disciplinary. The study would be beneficial the following:

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need to know some information about curfew.

Future Researchers. This study can be used as reference material freely

cover some study.