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•Periodic Table

Physics Mathematics Biology

Shall we study or leave this Chapter ?
 • Each online paper has one question from this
chapter.

• So, This chapter is important and easy

too
10
10
 Topics which are required for NEET & JEE
1.History of Periodic Table
2.Finding Period Block group of an element
3.Zeffective + Screening effect

LIVE 4.Atomic Radius

5. Ionization energy
6. Electron Affinity
7. Electron Negativity
 Topic-1 : History of Periodic Table
1. Lavoisier Classification
2. Doberiener's triad  Important
3. Newland's law of octaves
4. Lother Mayer's curve  Important
5. Mendeelev's periodic table  Important
 How to study this Topic ?
• Introduction and definition
• Failure / Drawbacks
• Tricks
 Topic-1 : Lavoisier Classification
Lavoisier classified elements into 2 categories

Elements

Metals Non-Metals
[Electropositives] [Electronegatives]
 Topic-2 : Doberiener's Triad
 Elements arranged in increasing order of atomic weight
 The atomic weight of middle element is the average of first
and third element.

Li Na K Cl Br I

7 23 39
35.5 35.5 + 127
7  39 46
80 127 = 81.2
= = 23 2
2 2
Drawback : (Failure)
F Cl Br
19 35.5 80

19  80 99
= = 49.5
2 2
Topic-3 : Newland law of octaves
 Octaves : Oct : 8
 Elements are arranged in increasing order of atomic weights
 Then every eighth element has same property like first element

(Like Indian Classical Musical Notes)

SA RE GA MA PA DHA Ni
Li1 Be2 B3 C4 N5 O6 F7
Na8 Mg Al Si P S Cl
K Ca
 Failure :-

 Failed after discovery of inert gases

Valid only upto calcium

Topic-4 : Lother Mayer's Classification
 Luther Mayer plotted a curve between atomic volume and atomic weight

atomic mass
Atomic volume 
atomic density
 Cs
Rb
K
Br

Atomic Volume
Atomic Volume

Na Ca
Li
Cl Sr I
F Ba
Be Mg

Metalloid and transition metals

Atomic Weight Atomic Weight
 Crest  alkali metals
 Descending slope  alkaline earth metals
 Ascending slope  Halogen
 Trough  Transition metals
• Lother Meyer proposed that the physical
properties of the elements are periodic function
of their atomic wt.
 Failure :-
• There was no practical use of this experiment
 Topic 5 :- MENDELEEV’S PERIODIC TABLE
• Mendeleev’s Periodic Law - The physical and
chemical properties of elements are the periodic
function of their atomic wt.
 Characteristic of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
• 63 elements were known, noble gases were not discovered.

• first scientist to classify the elements in horizontal rows and in vertical

columns.

• Horizontal rows are called periods and there were 7 periods.

• Vertical columns are called groups and there were 8 groups

• Each group upto VIIth is divided into A & B subgroups.

 Merits or Advantages
• Mendeleev had predicted about the properties of some
elements which were not known at that time.

• Eka Silicon  Germanium

• Eka Aluminum  Gallium
• Eka Boron  Scandium
 Merits or Advantages
• Mendeleev corrected atomic weight of some elements, which
were wrongly calculated before

• U Be In Au Pt
 Failures :-
• No separate place were given to isotopes.

• Isotope  Same atomic number but different mass

number
• Hydrogen  1H1, 1 H2, H3
1

• Since, elements were arranged in increasing order of atomic

weights, so isotopes should also have been given a separate
space in Periodic Table.
 Failure :-
• Some elements with higher atomic mass were kept before lower
atomic mass, which contradicts Mendeleev's rule.

Co Ni Te I
Cobalt Nickel Tellurium Iodine
58.93 58.73 127.6 126.9
 Mordern Periodic Table :-

• It was proposed by Moseley.

• Modern periodic table is based on atomic number.
• Moseley did an experiment in which he bombarded high speed
electron on different metal surfaces and obtained X-rays.
 Modern Periodic Law :-
• From this experiment, Moseley concluded that the physical
and chemical properties of the elements are periodic function
of their atomic number.
• This is also known as ‘Modern Periodic Law’.