VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

ME - Communication systems

II SEMESTER

DS7201 - Advanced Digital Image Processing

Regulation – 2013

Academic Year 2016 – 17

Prepared by

Dr. J.Mohan, Associate Professor/ECE

 VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK
SUBJECT : DS7201 - Advanced Digital Image Processing

SEM / YEAR: ME - Communication Systems /II SEMESTER

UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

Elements of visual perception, Brightness, Contrast, hue, Saturation, Mach band effect, 2D image
Transforms-DFT, DCT, KLT, and SVD. Image enhancement in spatial and frequency domain,
Review of morphological Image Processing
PART – A ( 2 Marks )
Q.No Questions BT Competence
1. Why the noise is always considered to be additive in images? BTL
Level2 Understanding

2. Define the term Dilation and erosion. BTL 1 Remembering

3. List out he properties of KL transform BTL 3 Applying

4. Name the two categories of image enhancement. And What is BTL 1 Remembering
Image Enhancement?
5. Criticize the need of KLT is an optimal transform. BTL 5 Evaluating

6. Give the Conditions for perfect 2D transform. BTL 1 Remembering

7. How to describe Mach band effect in images? BTL 1 Remembering

8. State the histogram specification. BTL 2 Understanding

9. Distinguish between the photopic and scotopic vision. BTL 4 Analysing

10. Explain bit plane slicing? BTL 3 Applying

11. Summarize are drawbacks of histogram equalization. BTL 2 Understanding

12. Illustrate the properties of cosine transform. BTL 4 Analysing

13. Can you recall Morphology techniques in images? BTL 1 Remembering

14. What do you mean by histogram Equalization (or) histogram BTL 2 Understanding
Linearization?
15. Write the 2D DFT and IDFT equation? BTL 1 Remembering
 16. Compare the features of Brightness and Contrast. BTL 4 Analysing

17. Illustrate the false contouring in digital image . BTL 3 Applying

18. Explain the image negative. BTL 5 Evaluating

19. What are the two phenomena of perceived brightness in BTL 6 Creating
image processing? Define them.
20. Discuss the goal of image enhancement? Give few spatial BTL 6 Creating
domain image enhancement techniques?
PART – B (13 Marks)
Describe the Image enhancement in spatial and frequency BTL 2 Understanding
1.
domain. (13)
How do you enhance a monochrome image by histogram
Equalization Specification technique ? How do you assess the BTL1 Remembering
2.
qualities of enhancement? (13)
(i).Describe the basic transformation: translation, Scaling,
rotation, concatenation and inverse transformation (8) BTL1 Remembering
3.
ii). Write short notes on any four basic relationships between
Pixels (5)
i). Describe the elements of visual perception by discussing
about the photopic and scotopic Vision, the brightness BTL 3 Applying
4. adaptation and discrimination, and match band effect.(7)
ii).Explain the property of discrete cosine transform (6) BTL4 Analysing

i).Why does the discrete histogram equation technique in

general not yield a flat histogram? Explain.(6) BTL4 Analysing
5. ii). Discuss about the salient feature of morphological
processing (7)
Write notes on following
(i) Homomorphic filters(6) BTL1 Remembering
6. (ii) Explain K-L transform in detail. (4)
(iii) Contrast stretching (3)

Find a singular value decomposition of a matrix A =

1 −2 3 BTL 2 Understanding
7. [ ] (13)
3 2 1
Compute the basis of the KL transform for the following input
8. data 𝑋1 = (4,4,5)𝑇 , 𝑋2 = (3,2,5)𝑇 , 𝑋3 = (5,7,6)𝑇 , 𝑋4 = BTL4 Analysing
(6,7,7)𝑇
(13)

Obtain forward KL transform for the given vectors.

X1 = [1 0 0]; X2 = [1 0 1]; X3=[1 1 0] (Transpose these
vectors) and Analysing how the principal components are BTL 5 Evaluating
9.
used for remote sensing applications? (13)

Design given 2 x 2 image [3 6: 6 4] using DCT Transform and BTL6 Creating

10.
its inverse.(13)
 Describe the Image enhancement in spatial and frequency BTL 2 Understanding
11. domain. (13)

Explain why the discrete histogram equation technique does BTL1 Remembering
12.
not, in general, yield a flat histogram (13)

Consider two image sub sets S1 and S2,show in the following

figure.For V= {1}, determine whether these two subsets are
i) 4-adjacent (6)
ii) 8- adjacent or iii) m- adjacent.(7)
S1 S2
BTL1 Remembering
13. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
i). What effect would setting to zero the lower-order bit planes
have on the histogram of an image in general.(5) BTL 3 Applying
14. ii). what would be the effect on the histogram if we set to zero
the higher order bit planes instead? (5) BTL4 Analysing
iii).Explain the property of discrete cosine transform (3)
PART – C (15 Marks)

i). Explain Histogram specification for a (5 X 5) matrix input:

20 20 20 18 16
15 15 16 18 11
15 15 19 15 17
1 16 17 19 18 16 BTL 5 Evaluating
20 18 17 20 15
. (10)
1 3
ii). Find DCT for the following 2 X 2 matrix. [ ] (5)
2 3

i). Determine convolution of the given array

1 4 1 1 1
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦 ) = ( ) and ℎ (𝑥, 𝑦 ) = ( )
2 5 3 1 −1
(8)
2 ii). Describe the elements of visual perception by discussing BTL6 Creating
about the photopic and scotopic Vision, the brightness
adaptation and discrimination, and match band effect.(7)

3 With relevant equations explain the process of histogram BTL4 Analysing

equalization. (15)
 Describe the effect of smoothing (averaging) the image
intensities given by
128 124 64 64
128 16 120 120
12 56 120 120
4 10 212 126 32 BTL6 Creating
Using the following averaging mask. Pad the image edges
with zeros wherever necessary (15)
1 2 1
2 4 2
1 2 1

UNIT II SEGMENTATION

Edge detection, Thresholding, Region growing, Fuzzy clustering, Watershed algorithm, Active
Contour methods, and Texture feature based segmentation, Model based segmentation, Atlas based
Segmentation, Wavelet based Segmentation methods.

PART A(2 Marks)

Q.No Questions BT Competence
Level
1. State the steps in watershed algorithm BTL 1 Remembering

2. Comment on about catchment basin. BTL 4 Analysing

3. Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of atlas based BTL 3 Applying

segmentation.
4. Shown the sobel horizontal and vertical edge detection masks BTL 3 Applying
(or) Define sobel operator?
5. Describe the applications of atlas based segmentation. BTL 2 Understanding

6. List out the various thresholding methods used for image BTL 3 Applying

7. segmentation.
How do you know that an image is getting over segmented? BTL 2 Understanding

8. Mention the different edge detection operation. BTL 4 Analysing

9. Explain the global, Local and dynamic or adaptive BTL 4 Analysing

threshold?
10. Write role of Laplacian in segmentation? BTL 1 Remembering

11. Elaborate the three types of discontinuity in digital image. BTL6 Creating

12. Distinguish between image segmentation based on BTL 5 Evaluating

Thresholding with image segmentation based on region

growing techniques.
13. Define clustering. BTL 1 Remembering

14. What are the advantages and disadvantages of region based BTL 1 Remembering
approach of texture feature based segmentation.
15. Discuss the two general approaches to perform texture BTL 5 Evaluating
segmentation
16. Explain the applications of active contour based BTL 6 Creating
segmentation?
17. Summarize the limitation of snake based active contour BTL 2 Understanding
model.
18. Define region splitting and merging BTL 1 Remembering

19. List out the advantages of level set based active contour BTL 2 Understanding
model.
20. Name the different types of derivative filters. BTL 1 Remembering

PART –B ( 13 Marks )
1. Explain the following region based segmentation procedures BTL 4 Analysing
a. Region growing (7)
b. Region splitting and merging approaches are used
for image segmentation (6)

2. i). Describe the use of motion in segmentation in both spatial and BTL 1 Remembering
frequency domain (6)
ii).Simplify the thresholding expression s=T(∞) approach in
image segmentation (7)
3. Write in detail about the texture feature based segmentation. BTL 1 Remembering
(13)
4. i). How you summarize the methods of model based BTL 2 Understanding
segmentation (6)

ii) Explain the Active shape model segmentation based nonlinear

operation (7)
5. Illustrate the snake based active contour model segmentation BTL 2 Understanding
(13)
6. Explain the level set based active contour model BTL 3 Applying
segmentation.(13)

7. Explain the principle of the following segmentation BTL 4 Analyzing

techniques.
i). Degree of association is strong within one group and weak
between data in different groups (6)
ii). Active contouring (7)
8. Discuss in detail about segmentation by morphological BTL 4 Analyzing
watersheds.(13)

9. 𝐼1 𝐼2 BTL 5 Evaluating
Consider the 8 X 8 image segment given by I = [ ]
𝐼3 𝐼1
128 128 128 64 
 64 64 128 128
I1 =  
 32 8 64 128
 
 8 128 128 64 
 64 32 32 8  128 64 64 64 
128 8 32 32   
I2 =   I3 =  64 64 64 128
128 64 64 64  8 128 32 64 
   
 64 8 64 64  8 8 64 64 
Using histogram information segment the image into two
region. (13)

10. i). show that the average value of Laplacian operation∆2h is BTL 3 Applying
zero (6)
ii). Prove that the average value of any image convolved
with this operator also is zero(7)
11. How the highest threshold, highest hollows and lowest threshold BTL 1 Remembering
,deepest hollows are detected using segmentation algorithm (13)

12. Write the steps involved in BTL 2 Understanding

i) Fuzzy c-mean clustering (6)
ii) local techniques (2)
iii)Global techniques(2)
iv) Splitting and merging (3)

13. What is Altas based segmentation? Explain detail about Altlas BTL1 Remembering
segmentation (13)
 14. Prove that the Sobel and Prewitt mask in figure give isotropic BTL 6 Creating
results only for horizontal and vertical edges and for edges
oriented at ±45’ respectively. (13)

Part-C (15 Marks)

Elaborate to discuss about the following segmentation BTL 6 Creating

models

i) Global processing via Hough transform (5)

1
ii) Explain why the edges are closed contours (5)
iii) Does the zero-crossings method for edge finding
always result in edges that are closed contours ?
Give a reason for your answer (5)
Justify the following terms in gray scale image BTL 5 Evaluating

i). Edge detection (5)

2 ii).Thresholding (5)

iii). Watershed algorithm (5)

 Perform two –level (separable) wavelet decomposition on BTL 6 Creating
the following image matrix:

2 2 6 12 2 4 6 6

32 64 12 8 4 20 20 12

18 2 4 12 2 2 18 24

24 2 12 32 2 14 20 32
3
2 24 2 2 4 12 16 12

32 64 4 4 12 12 4 12

14 4 4 2 12 12 6 6

18 14 2 2 4 8 2 2

Using [1/2 1/2 ] as the low pass filter and [1/2,-1/2] as the
high pass filter. Drop the even indexed and columns
respectively during down sampling (15)
Discuss about BTL 6 Creating
4 i). Wavelet based segmentation. (7)
ii). How the binary points are used morphological
dilation(Dam construction) (8)

UNIT III FEATURE EXTRACTION

First and second order edge detection operators, Phase congruency, Localized feature extraction
detecting image curvature, shape features Hough transform, shape Skeletonization, Boundary
Descriptors, Moments, Texture descriptors- Autocorrelation, Co-occurrence features, Run length
Features, Fractal model based features, Gabor filter, wavelet features

PART A(2 Marks)

Q.No Questions BT
Competence
Level
1. Define invariance moments BTL 1 Remembering

2. Explain the operators for detecting the vertical edge, BTL 4 Analysing
horizontal edge, and both together.

3. Disuse detail about wavelet features. BTL 3 Applying

4. What you Understanding boundary descriptors in image. BTL 3 Applying

5. Interpret the polar HT for lines in images segmentation. BTL 2 Understanding

6. Develop the segmentation image using gabor filter method BTL 3 Applying

7. Demonstrate the compactness method. BTL 2 Understanding

8. Categorize the advantages and disadvantages of laplacian BTL 4 Analysing

operator.
9. Construct edge magnitude and direction of Prewitt operator. BTL 4 Analysing

10. How is the statistical moment for a discrete image BTL 1 Remembering
computed?
11. Express the Marr–Hildreth operator. BTL6 Creating

12. Summarize the advantages of canny edge detection. BTL 5 Evaluating

13. Describe the use of fractals in feature extraction. BTL 1 Remembering

14. Define direction and phase weighting function of discrete BTL 1 Remembering
symmetry operator
15. List the drawbacks of the laplacian operator based edge BTL 5 Evaluating
detection method.
16. Convolve a 3X3 image with the laplacian operator and prove BTL 6 Creating
that the mean of convolved image is zero.
17. Summarize the advantages of Hough transform. BTL 2 Understanding
18. What are the advantages of Fourier descriptors? BTL 1 Remembering

19. Illustrate the irregularity in image segmentation. BTL 2 Understanding

20. Define Hough transform for ellipses. BTL 1 Remembering

PART –B ( 13 Marks )
1. How the second order edge detection operators is used in BTL1 Remembering
image processing.(13)
2. (i) Demonstrate the chain code in feature extraction gray BTL 2 Understanding
images. (7)
(ii) Illustrate the Fourier descriptor in gray images. (6)
3 Describe Sobel and Canny edge detection operators. (13) BTL1 Remembering

4 i). Briefly explain about shape skeletonization and boundary BTL 3 Applying
extraction method (7)
ii). Explain how Hough transform works in feature
extraction of image shapers.(6)
 5 (i) Applying the region descriptors for feature extraction in BTL4 Analysing
image. (7)
(ii) Explain the texture description of image analysis. (6)

6 How the image feature extraction using Phase congruency. BTL1 Remembering
(13)
7 Summarize the following BTL 2 Understanding

i).Interpret the estimated curvature (5)

ii).Analysing the interpret of image curvature. (8)
8 Analysing the feature extraction using different Hough BTL3 Applying
transform techniques.(13)
9 Give the importance of the texture analysis using gray level BTL 1 Remembering
co-occurrence and autocorrelation function method with
suitable examples.(13)

10 Describe briefly, the following shape descriptions BTL 2 Understanding

(i) Canny Edge detection operation (7)
(ii) Chain codes (6)
11 Examine the process of edge linking using Hough BTL4 Analysing
Transform (13)
12 Explain in detail about texture analysis using gray level co- BTL4 Analysing
occurrence method and autocorrelation function method with
suitable example. (13)

13 Demonstrate the following shape descriptions feature BTL 6 Creating

exaction of images
(i) Moment (7)
(ii) Fourier description (6)

14 BTL 5 Evaluating
Discuss the following method for classification of images

i) Gabor filter (6)

ii) Wavelet features (7)

Part-C (15 Marks)

Describe the Hough Transform Technique of detection an BTL 5 Evaluating

1
arbitrary sharp of image feature extraction.(15)

2 Formulate the features extraction by Fractal model of BTL6 Creating

images(15)
 i). Explain the process of detecting the edges using sobel BTL6 Creating
3 operation.(7)
ii). compare the edge detection operators by highlighting
their effectiveness for deferent application(8)

(i) Assume the mean vectors of two classes i and j

respectively are m1 = (3, 4, 4) and m2 = (3,1). What is the
4 decision boundary? (7)
(ii) Obtain the gray level co-occurrence matrix of 5X5 BTL6 Creating
image composed of a check board of alternating 1s and 0s
if the position operator Q is defined as “two pixels to the
right “ (8)

UNIT IV REGISTRATION AND IMAGE FUSION

Registration- Preprocessing, Feature selection-points, lines, regions and templates Feature
Correspondence-Point pattern matching, Line matching, and region matching Template matching.
Transformation functions-Similarity transformation and Affine Transformation. Resampling-
Nearest Neighbour and Cubic Splines, Image Fusion-Overview of image fusion, pixel fusion,
Multiresolution based fusion, Discrete Wavelet Transform, Curvelet transform. Region based
fusion.
PART A(2 Marks)
Q.No Questions BT
Competence
Level
1. What are the potential advantages of image fusion? BTL 1 Remembering

2. Define Image fusion. BTL 4 Analysing

3. Identify shape matrices is used and express. BTL 3 Applying

4. Explain the relaxation labelling. BTL 3 Applying

5. Illustrate the multiscale decomposition methods. BTL 2 Understanding

6. List out the uses of Invariant moments? BTL 4 Analysing

7. Point out the potential advantages of image fusion. BTL 2 Understanding

8. What are the steep involved in image registration? BTL 3 Applying

9. Which one is the non-multiscale decomposition methods in BTL 4 Analysing

image fusions?
10. Name the applications of image fusion? BTL 1 Remembering

11. Describe Projective transformation. BTL6 Creating

12. Justify the affine matrix for rotation and translation BTL 5 Evaluating
operations.
13. What do you mean by overall cross entropy BTL 1 Remembering

14. State mutual information. BTL 1 Remembering

15. Brief about pixel based function with help of 2-sum-images BTL 5 Evaluating
of size 4*4.

16. Elaborate the potential advantages of image fusion. BTL 6 Creating

17. Demonstrate universal quality index. BTL 2 Understanding

18. Define multisensor fusion BTL 1 Remembering

19. Classify the methods involved in image fusion. BTL 2 Understanding

20. What is the principle to relate the points in sensed and BTL 1 Remembering
referenced images?
PART –B ( 13 Marks )
1 Write in detail about Multiresolution based fusion using
curvelet transform. (13) BTL 1 Remembering

2 (i) Demonstrate the Region based fusion (6)

BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) Define hybrid image registration for image fusion. (7)
3 (i) Identify the feature points of determine the parameters of
a transformation function that registers the images. (7)
(ii) Explain the feature lines to determine the parameters of a BTL 3 Applying
transformation function that registers the images. (6)

4 (i)Describe in detail about steps are involved in image

registration. (5)
(ii) Write the Matching using scene coherence algorithm to BTL 1 Remembering
find the correspondence between the points of sensed and
reference images. (8)
5 i) Summarize the multi resolution based fusion by
Applyinging discrete wavelet transform (7)
BTL 2 Understanding
ii). Highlight the salient features of region based fusion.(6)
6 i). Describe the region matching technique via shape-
matching algorithm.(6)
BTL 4 Analysing
ii). Discover the cubic spline interpolation method of
resampling the images (7)
7 (i) Define the algorithm to find the correspondence between
the lines of sensed and reference images. (7)
(ii) Explain the region by shape matching to find the BTL 1 Remembering
correspondence between sensed and reference images. (6)
8 Write the algorithm to find the correspondence between the
lines of sensed and reference images. (13) BTL 2 Understanding
 9 Construct the region matching by relaxation labeling to find
the correspondence between sensed and reference images. BTL 4 Analysing
(13)
10 Estimate, how the images have been register in the special
domain in terms of Nearest Neighbour and Cubic Splines BTL 6 Creating
method.(13)
11 Briefly discuss(any one technique) feature correspondence
for
BTL 2 Understanding
i) Line matching (7)
ii) Point pattern matching (6)

12 i) Explain the template matching using similarity BTL 5 Evaluating

measures to find the correspondence between
sensed and reference image (7)
ii) Elaborate the steps involved in image registration
process.(6)
13 Explain in detail about multi resolution based function using
discreet wavelet transform and curvelet trans form (13) BTL 3 Applying

14
i) Discuss in detail the multi resolution based fusion
by Applyinging discrete waveler transform (7)
ii) Highlight the salient features of region based BTL 4 Analysing
segmentation (6)

Part-C (15 Marks)

(i) Specify the methods to determine a transformation

function for mapping to sensed image to reference images.
1 (8) BTL 5 Evaluating
(ii) Evaluating the methods for sensed image is point-by-
point resampled to the geometry of the reference image. (7)
(i) Formulate the performance evaluation of objective
evaluation measures with reference image. (8)
2 (ii) Elaborate the performance evaluation of objective BTL 6 Creating
evaluation measures with not requiring a reference image.
(7)
Elaborate in detail about the techniques used for point and
3 line feature selection in the process of image registration. BTL 5 Evaluating
(15)
 i). Justify the template matching using similarity measures to
find the correspondence between sensed and reference
4 image (7)
BTL 5 Evaluating
ii). Estimate the steps involved in image registration
process.(8)

UNIT V 3D IMAGE VISUALIZATION

Sources of 3D Data sets, Slicing the Data set, Arbitrary section planes, The use of color,
Volumetric display, Stereo Viewing, Ray tracing, Reflection, Surfaces, Multiply connected
surfaces, Image processing in 3D, Measurements on 3D images.

PART A(2 Marks)

Q.No Questions BT
Competence
Level
1.
List out the difference between pixel and voxel. BTL 1 Remembering

2. Explain the various sources of 3D data and how is the 3D

BTL 4 Analysing
image represented?
3. Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of volumetric
BTL 3 Applying
display.
4.
What is the use of slicing the data set? BTL 1 Remembering

5. How to construct stereo views of image? BTL 2 Understanding

6. Discuss about feature specific improvement. BTL 3 Applying
7. Interpret to obtain 3D data sets by different imaging
BTL 2 Understanding
techniques.
8. Explain in detail about the absorption rule in 3D images BTL 4 Analysing
9.
Justify the use of reflection of 3D images. BTL 5 Evaluating

10. How to store 3D data sets. BTL 1 Remembering

11. Discuss the Ray tracing? Where it is used? BTL6 Creating
12. Specify the various sources of 3D data sets and how these
BTL 5 Evaluating
3D image are represented.
13. What is the use of Color representation? BTL 3 Applying
14. Find the reflection of 3D image visualization. BTL 1 Remembering
15.
Analysing the volumetric display in 3D image.
BTL 4 Analysing
16. Discuss the feature specific measurement of 3D image. BTL 6 Creating
17. List out the classifications of measurements on 3D images. BTL 2 Understanding
18. Name the surfaces of 3D image visualization. BTL 1 Remembering
19. Illustrate the position of features in 3D images. BTL 2 Understanding
20. Define Dull surface.
BTL 1 Remembering

PART –B ( 13 Marks )
1. i). write shot note on source of 3D Data Sets. (5)
ii). Give the serial sections plane of “best fit” minimizes the
mismatched area of features, measured by an Ex-OR BTL 1 Remembering
function, and how the function of translation and rotation
possible in the 3D image sets.(8)

2. i). Relate the multiply connected surfaces of 3D image

visualization(7)
BTL 2 Understanding
ii). Illustrate the Alignment of serial sections with rotation of
3D image Dataset (6)
3. Demonstrate the slicing and data sets of 3D image
BTL 3 Applying
visualization.(13)
4. Define the arbitrary section planes and write detail about
sectional planer. (13) BTL 1 Remembering

5. Illustrate the measurements on 3D images. (13) BTL 2 Understanding

6.
Explain surfaces of 3D image visualization. (13) BTL 4 Analysing
7. Describe the volumetric display of 3D image visualization.
BTL 1 Remembering
(13)
8. i). Describe the optical sectioning followed by the sequential
removal in 3D imaging. (6)
BTL 1 Remembering
ii). Write about special display hardware used for image
analysis.(7)
9. i). Estimate Ray tracing 3D image visualization. (7)
ii).How the volumetric display is produced by ray tracing (6) BTL 5 Evaluating

10.
i). Formulate stereo viewing of 3D image visualization. (6)
ii). How the shifting image planes laterally to Creating an
BTL 6 Creating
illusion of rotation or to produce stereo pair images for
viewing in 3D Image Set.(7)

11. Outline the following techniques:

i) Volume element and slicing of 3D data set (7)
BTL 3 Applying
ii) Volumetric display using ray tracking and its
advantage (6)
12. Discuss in detail about various image processing operations
BTL 4 Analysing
applicable to 3D.(13)
13. Explain with neat diagrams multiply connected surface of
BTL 4 Analysing
3D image visualization (13)
14.
Which type of Hardware need to analysis used in 3D image,
and describe the working principle of device. How its BTL 2 Understanding
working as varifocal mirror? (13)

Part-C (15 Marks)

1 Discuss about 3D image Face Cantered Cube (FCC),Hexagonal

closed pack (HCP) lattice and image planes. (15) BTL6 Creating

Elaborate on how the medical images are arbitrary planar

slices through the voxel array and array of parallel slices in
terms of following.
2
i). Image processing in 3D. (8) BTL 5 Evaluating

ii) Stereo Viewing. (7)

3 Explain in detail the various measurements which can be

carried on 3D images (13) BTL 5 Evaluating

Justify, how the volumetric display is produces by ray

4
tracing? Calculate the reduction in light intensity of BTL6 Creating
volumetric display in 3D images. (15)