Code R7312301 1

III B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November 2010
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN BIO PROCESSES
(Biotechnology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Verify that “momentum per unit area per unit time” has the same dimensions as force
per unit area.
(b) A fermentation broth with viscosity 10−2 Pa S and density 1000 Kgm−3 is agitated in a
2.7 m3 baffled tank using a Rushton turbine with diameter 0.5m and stirrer speed 1 S−1
estimate the mixing time.
2. Derive the equation of continuity for one dimensional isothermal incompressible fluids .
3. (a) Estimate the thermal conductivity in W/mK of steam at 65 atm and 575 K atm. It is given
that critical temperature and critical pressure are 647.4 K and 218.3 atm. (Generalized
correlation chart for thermal conductivity should be provided during examination).
(b) Derive an expression for steady state heat conduction through compound resistances a
series of a cylinder.
4. A steel ball of 50 mm diameter and heated to a uniform temperature 6000 C. Find the time
taken by the ball to attain a temperature of 2000 C.
Data :
The convective heat transfer coefficient = 15 W/m2 0 C.
Thermal conductivity of steel = 46 W/m2 0 C.
Specific heat of steel = 0.50 kJ/kg 0 C.
Density of steel = 7800 kg/m3
5. A very thick slab has a uniform concentration of solute A of c0 = 1.0 × 10−2 kgmolA/m3 .
Suddenly, the front face of the slab is exposed to a flowing fluid having a concentration
c1 = 0.10 kgmolA/m3 and a convective coefficient kc = 2 × 10−7 m/s . The equilibrium dis-
tribution coefficient Kci = 2.0 . Assuming that the slab is a semi-infinite solid, calculate the
concentration in the solid at the surface (x =0) and x=0.01m from the surface after t = 3 ×104
S. The diffusivity in the solid is Dab = 4 × 109 m2 /s.
6. Explain briefly penetration theory with emphasis on the relation between mass transfer coeffi-
cient of gas and bubble size.
7. (a) Explain briefly convective mass transfer.
(b) Differentiate between immiscible gas -liquid interface and miscible gas - liquid interface.
8. In a dynamic gassing out method air is shut off and the DO reading recorded at 20 intervals.
These are given below:
DO (%) 80, 59, 17 (after 10s), 9(air put on).
DO (%) 39, 53, 63, 70, 76, 78.
Determine kL .a, if air is bubbled at 1 vvm. What outlet oxygen concentration would you get?

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Code R7312301 2
III B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November 2010
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN BIO PROCESSES
(Biotechnology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Explain cone-plate viscometer for the estimation of viscosity with neat sketch .
(b) Describe the different factors effecting broth viscosity.

2. (a) A fermentation broth with viscosity 10−2 Pa S and density 1000Kg m−3 is agitated in 50m3
baffled tank using a marine propeller 1.3 m in diameter. Calculate the power required for a
stirrer speed of 4 S−1 . The tank is fitted with four baffles. (Power number versus Reynolds
number graph should be provided during the examination).
(b) What is Navier-Stokes equation and how to obtain the same?

3. (a) A tube 60 mm OD is insulated with a 50 mm layer of silica followed by 40 mm layer of

cork. If the outer surface temperature of pipe is 1500 C and steady state heat loss per unit
is 30 W/m, calculate the outer surface temperature of cork. Thermal conductivity.
Silica = 0.055 W/m0 C, Cork = 0.05 W/m0 C.
(b) In what way are Newton’s law of viscosity and Fourier’s law of heat conduction similar?
Dissimilar?

4. (a) What do you understand by heat transfer in semi infinite and infinite solids.
(b) Explain briefly, heat transfer and temperature distribution in turbulent flow.

5. Oxygen being injected into pure water from a capillary tube. The system is virtually isothermal
and isobaric at 250 C and 1 atm. The solubility of oxygen in the liquid phase diffusivity for the
oxygen water pair is Dab = 2.6 ∗ 10−5 cm2 /s. Calculate the instantaneous total absorption rate
in g/s, for a bubble of 1mm diameter and age t= 2s, assuming constant volumetric growth rate.

6. (a) Explain briefly the concept of boundary layer

(b) Explain briefly penetration theory

7. Write the relevant mass transfer expressions for the transfer of oxygen into liquid phase for the
case of well mixed liquid and well mixed gas.

8. (a) A strain of azotabacter vinelandii is cultured in a 15m3 stirred fermenter for alginate
production. Under current operating conditions kL a is 0.17S−1 Oxygen solubility in the
broth is approximately 8 × 10−3 Kg m−3 . The specific rate of oxygen uptake is 12.5 mmol
g−1 h−1 . What is the maximum possible cell concentration?
(b) Explain how KL a is measured by using oxygen balance method.

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Code R7312301 3
III B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November 2010
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN BIO PROCESSES
(Biotechnology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Describe the different factors effecting broth viscosity.

(b) Give a brief account on distribution of velocity in laminar for the flow of fluid in pipe.

2. (a) Micro carrier beads 120µ m in diameter are used to culture recombinant. CHO cells for
production of growth hormone. It is proposed to use a 6-cm turbine impeller to mix the
culture in a 3.5 liter stirred tank. Air and carbon dioxide are supplied by flow through
the reactor headspace. The microcarrier suspension has a density of approximately 1010
kg m−3 and a viscosity of 1.3 × 10−3 PaS. Estimate the maximum allowable stirrer speed
which avoids turbulent shear damage of the cells.
(b) Differentiate between compressible and incompressible fluids.

3. (a) What is thermal diffusivity? Write its analogy terms in momentum transfer.
(b) Determine the steady state rate of heat transfer per unit area through a 4.0 cm thick
homogenous slab with its two faces maintained at uniform temperature of 380 C and 210 C.
The thermal conductivity of the material is 0.19W/m.K.
(c) Compare the orders of magnitude of the thermal conductivities of gases, liquids and solids.

4. Explain briefly unsteady state heat transfer with different applications.

5. (a) Write the analogies between mass, momentum and heat transfer.
(b) What is “ Reynolds analogy ” and what is its significance?
(c) Define Prandtl mixing length.

6. Solvent A is evaporating out of a coat of lacquer on a plane surface exposed to a tangential

stream of non-condensable gas B. At a given point on the surface the gas phase mass transfer
coefficient at the prevailing average fluid properties is given as 0.1 lb-mole/hr ft2 ; the Schmidt
number is 20. The interfacial gas composition is xAO = 0.8 . Estimate the local rate of
evaporation using the stagnant film model.

7. Write the relevant mass transfer expression for the transfer of oxygen into liquid phase for the
case of well mixed liquid and plug flow gas.

8. kL .a is estimated using the dynamic gassing out method and the following data is obtained.
Calculate kL .a.
Time (s) (air shut off) 0 100 200 300 400 Air put on
DO(%) 58.5 49.4 39.7 32 25
Time (S) 450 500 550 600 650
DO(%) 36.3 46.9 52.6 55.2 56.5

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Code R7312301 4
III B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November 2010
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN BIO PROCESSES
(Biotechnology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. Explain briefly the classification of non-Newtonian fluids with the help shear stress versus
velocity gradient for each classification.

2. Laboratory scale fermenters are usually mixed using small stirrers with electric motors rated
between 100 and 500W, one such motor is used to drive a 7cm turbine impleller in small
reactor containing fluid with the properties of water. The stirrer speed is 900 rpm. Estimate
the power requirements for this process. How do you explain the difference between the amount
of electrical power consumed by the motor and the power dissipated by the stirrer.

3. (a) A plastic panel of area A=1 ft2 and thickness y=0.252 in. was found to conduct heat at
a rate of 3.0 W at steady state with temperature T0 = 24.000 C imposed on the two main
surfaces. What is the thermal conductivity of the plastic in cal/cm.s. K at 250 C?
(b) Derive an expression for steady state heat conduction through composite wall consisting
of two layers.

4. Determine the time required for a 1.25cm diameter carbon steel (1%C) sphere to cool from
Ti =5000 C to 1000 C of exposed to a cooling air flow at T∞ =250 C resulting in h=110 W/m2 K.

5. (a) In a typical aerobic fermentation process, the diffusivity coefficient for oxygen into the
fermentation broth is 8 × 10−10 m2 /s. The stagnant liquid film thickness was calculated
to be 6 microns. Find the mass transfer coefficient for oxygen based on film theory.
(b) Explain briefly the concentration distributions in turbulent flow.

6. Explain briefly boundary layer theory for mass transfer operation when fluid is flowing over the
horizontal plate where mass transfer is occurring from plate to fluid and state at what conditions
mass boundary layer coincide with momentum boundary layer and thermal boundary layer.

7. Name the possible resistance that will come across during the transfer of O2 from gas phase to
cell and what are the steps that are more rate controlling for mass transfer.

8. A 50 liters stirred fermenter is used to culture T orula utilis at 280 C. The dissolved oxygen
concentration was measured after initially shutting off the oxygen supply and the restarting, for
calculating kL a using dynamic gassing out method and the obtained data is shown in following
table. The steady state oxygen concentration is 7.05 ppm.
Time (s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 37
DO con. (ppm) 0.5 2.5 3.7 4.4 5.1 5.5 6.0 6.3

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