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B. History
Instructional Design (ID) models differ from Instructional System Design (ISD)
models in that ISD models have a broad scope and typically divide the instruction design
process into the five phases of analysis, design, development, implementation, and
evaluation that is often referred to as ADDIE (van Merriënboer, 1997). Reigeluth (1983)
made the same point when he noted that ID models go into much more detail than ISD,
albeit that detail has a narrower focus.
Instructional design is cost effective, given that it ensures students learn efficiently by
creating high quality learning materials that take into account the strengths and
weaknesses of students. These materials are also focused and customized to address the
specific needs of educators. These experts also safeguard against training materials being
created for business problems, which are better served with non-training solutions.