RESEARCH ON BREAST CANCER AND THE TREATMENT AMONGST FEMALE LATE

ADOLESCENT

A Research Project Presented To:

Ms. Merlyn Buena Legados

Research Teacher

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

Research in Science 10

A.Y. 2019-2020

By:

Rania J. Balading

Joshua Jan S. Barbaso

Fatima Azmi K. Ulama

Jim Niclaus S. Balismon

Mary Celestie Ann H. Amelda

 Title: Breast Cancer and Its Treatment amongst Female Late Adolescents

Introduction

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that develops in breast cells. Typically, this cancer forms

in either the lobules or ducts of the breast. Lobules are the glands that produce milk while the

ducts are the pathways that bring the milk from the glands to the nipple. The cancer can also

occur in the fatty tissue or the fibrous connective tissue within your breast. This type of cancer

can spread outside the breast through blood vessels and lymph vessels. There are numerous types

of cancer, and they are divided into two main categories: the “invasive” and the “noninvasive”.

The cancer that has spread from the breast ducts or glands to the other parts of the breast is the

invasive one, while the noninvasive cancer has not spread from the original tissue. This fatal

disease can be divided into 5 stages depending on how large the tumor or tumors are and how

broad it has spread. Its survival rates vary widely based on many factors, but, according to the

ACS, the survival rate of having a breast cancer is now improving.

The researchers would like to seek awareness to those female late adolescents, and as the

future researchers or readers read our study, their knowledge about this fatal disease: Breast

cancer, would be greatly widened or broadened or enhanced.

A “Breast cancer” is a disease that is more applicable to women, although men can get this

disease too. We were inspired in letting this topic be our research because one of my friend’s

mother died from this threatening disease, and my aunt got this disease too and there is a
possibility that the cancer would come back. This is why we would like to broaden our

knowledge on this topic.

We, researchers, would like to raise awareness to those female late adolescents who are

most likely to be infected by this disease. We would also like to broaden the knowledge of our

readers about the risk factors, treatments and the types of this cancer.

Background of the Study

In 21st century, a lot of diseases were discovered thanks to our scientists. One of the

diseases that was discovered and identified by a British surgeon named Percivall Pott in 1775 is

Cancer, and as time passes by, the types of cancer grew, and according to Amanda Chan there

are 100 types of Cancer as of September 2010.

In this study, we aim to make females aware that this threatening disease is more

applicable to them than the males, so we intend to raise awareness about the factors which may

trigger this fatal disease.

Statement of the Problem

This research study is conducted to know the definition of Breast cancer, the types of

Breast cancer, and the precautions that might help you not getting this disease, the factors that we

should avoid and the treatment that is needed in curing Breast cancer.
This research study aims to seek answers to the following questions:

1. What is Breast Cancer?

2. What are the various types of Breast Cancer?

3. What are the managements or treatments of Breast Cancer?

4. What are the different causes of Breast Cancer?

Hypothesis or Assumptions:

Based on the problem questions above hypothesis or assumptions were formulated to

answer the sub sequent problem or questions.

1. Breast Cancer starts when cells in the breast begin to grow out of control. These cells

usually form a tumor that can often be seen on an x-ray or felt as a lump. The tumor is

malignant if the cells can grow into surrounding tissues or spread to distant areas of the

body. Breast cancer occurs almost entirely in women, but men can get breast cancer too.

2. According to the American Cancer Society, there are many types of Breast cancer, but

the common ones are the Ductal Carcinoma in Situ, Invasive Ductal Carcinoma, and

Invasive lobular Carcinoma. The less common types of Breast cancer are the

Inflammatory Breast cancer, Paget disease of the nipple, Phyllodes tumor and the

Angiosarcoma.
3. Breast Cancer treatments may be local or systemic. Local treatments are the one used for

treating the tumor without affecting the body. Under this type of treatment are the surgery

and the radiation therapy. There are two types of surgery in removing the breast cancer,

the first one is the “Breast-conserving surgery”. It is a surgery in which only the part of

the breast containing the cancer is removed. Its goal is to remove the cancer as well as

some surrounding normal tissue. The second one is the Mastectomy. It is a surgery in

which you would remove your entire breast, including all of the breast tissues. Radiation

therapy is a treatment with high-energy rays or particles that destroy cancer cells. There

are two main types of radiation therapy, the “external beam radiation” and the “internal

radiation”. The external beam radiation is a type of radiation that comes from a machine

outside the body, while internal radiation needs a radioactive source to put inside the

body for a short time. Systemic treatments are the drugs used to treat breast cancer, and

they could reach the cancer cells almost everywhere in the body. Under this type of

treatment are the chemotherapy, the hormone therapy, the targeted therapy and the

immunotherapy. Chemotherapy uses anti-cancer drugs that may be given intravenously

or by mouth. Chemo may be given directly into the fluids which surround the brain and

spinal cord. Hormone therapy is used when some types of breast cancer affect the

hormones in the blood. The targeted drugs are designed and used to block the growth and

the spreading of cancer cells. The Immunotherapy is the use of medicines to stimulate a

person’s own immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells more effectively.
 4. Breast Cancer does not have a certain cause, but it has risk factors which may trigger this

disease and it triggers the following factors; being Female, increasing age, a personal

history of breast conditions, a personal history of breast cancer, family history of breast

cancer, inherited genes that increase cancer risk, radiation exposure, obesity, beginning

your period at a younger age, beginning menopause at an older age, having your first

child at an older age, having never been pregnant, postmenopausal hormone therapy,

drinking alcohol and using of tobacco.

Significance of the Study

The study on “Breast cancer” is beneficial to the future researchers, to the students,

and to the female late adolescents. The result of our study can be a helpful guide to these

future researchers as it would help them widen their knowledge. This study would help

the students to be aware on what are the factors that may trigger “Breast cancer”. This

would also help the female late adolescents to have a healthy lifestyle in order to avoid

this threatening disease. Lastly it would help the community to heighten their awareness

about Breast cancer and its treatment.

Scope and Delimitations

The research conducted is a qualitative type of study. It aims to know the definition,

various types, management and precautions of cancer. The study is measured and limited to the

female late adolescents only whose age is 18 and above at Ferndale International School. We
would specifically focus on women who are not married, because these females are most likely

to be infected by this disease. Breast cancer is a deadliest cancer that takes the spot of no.3 in the

top 5 of deadliest cancers. This research shall encourage females to avoid the factors on having

this threatening disease. Furthermore the term “Cancer” came from a Greek word called

“karkinos”.

Definition of Terms

Cancer- It is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth that has a potential invading the

parts of your body.

Breast Cancer- It is a cancer that develops in the breast cells.

Ductal carcinoma in Situ - It is a non-invasive or pre-invasive breast cancer.

Lobular carcinoma in Situ- A cancer that grows in the mil-producing glands of your breast.

Invasive breast cancer- It is a breast cancer that spread into surrounding breast tissue.

Inflammatory breast cancer- It is an uncommon type of invasive breast cancer.

Paget disease of the nipple- A breast cancer that starts in the breast ducts and spreads to the skin

of the nipple and then to the areola

Phyllodes tumor- It is a rare type of breast cancer that develops in the connective tissue of the

breast.
Angiosarcoma- A breast cancer that starts in cells that line blood vessels or lymph vessels.

Chemotherapy- It is a treatment for cancer.

Hormone therapy- It is a treatment for breast cancers that are sensitive to hormones.

Radiation Therapy-

Breast-conserving energy-

Mastectomy-

External-beam radiation-

Internal radiation-

Targeted therapy-

Immunotherapy-

Local treatment-

Systemic treatment-

Karkinos- It is a Greek word that describes carcinoma tumors.

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