Title Page

Approval Sheet
 List of Tables
Table 2-1. Design Criteria & Constraints ................................................................................................. 8
Table 2-2..Review of Related Literature .................................................................................................. 1
 List of Figures
Figure 1-1. Project Development ............................................................................................................ 7

Figure 2- 1.Average domestic water consumption .................................................................................. 9

Figure 2- 2. Water rate Adjustment ......................................................................................................... 9
List of Abbreviations
 Table of Contents
Title Page ................................................................................................................................................ 1
Approval Sheet ........................................................................................................................................ 1
List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................... 2
List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... 3
List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ 4
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER 1: PROJECT BACKGROUND ........................................................................................... 6
The Project...................................................................................................................................... 6
Project Objectives ........................................................................................................................... 6
Project Scope and Limitation .......................................................................................................... 6
Project Development ....................................................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER 2. DESIGN INPUTS .......................................................................................................... 8
Design Criteria & Constraints .......................................................................................................... 8
Review of Related Literature ........................................................................................................... 1
References .............................................................................................................................................. 3
 CHAPTER 1: PROJECT BACKGROUND

The Project
Water is one of the most basic and important resources for a human body, that is why Human Rights to
Water and Sanitation has been recognized by the United Nations since 2010 as one of the international
laws through human rights [1]. But due to Climate change, Water Shortage has been occurring and it is
one of the main issues happening in the Philippines. Over more than 6 million people in and around the
capital are affected by the recent issue of water shortage [2]. Base on the statistic the population of the
Philippines is around 108 million, this concludes that there is a high rise of water users here in the
Philippines, with that the possibilities of misused water are also high [3].

This project focuses on a dormitory that offers free water for their tenants and the purpose of this project
aims to conserve water by limiting the consumption of water. The project has a system that monitors the
water being used by the tenant. There will be a certain amount of water given to users. If it exceeds, the
system will give warning in which the tenant will pay for the exceeding amount of water being used.

Project Objectives
General Objectives
To conserve the use of water used by the tenants in a dormitory that offers free water fees.

Specific Objectives
 To be able to design a feedback system that measures the amount of water is being used
 To be able to sustain itself by using renewable source
 To be able to provide different users (RFID) as the tenant/users

Project Scope and Limitation

The scope for the proposed project ought to focus on designing a water management system for
dormitories that will limit the water usage. This project covers only dormitories that provide free water for
the tenants. This project also includes the most efficient type of renewable source to be used for a normal
dormitory setting. The project is only limited to the Philippines which we will be focusing on the standards
based on the National Plumbing Code.

Project Development
For Figure 1-1 as shown below, the group starts with the identification of the problem, through this, the
group will be able to identify the possible solution. Then the Data gathering is conducted in order to learn
the components and applications for the project by the proponents. A review of related literature is
followed in order to gather more data and used a patent checker in order to avoid complications such as
plagiarism. The project has limitations to be considered and designs that could prove their viability thus
creating a design constraint that is based on the project in order to meet the general objective that was
to be considered. After the constraints and analysis, the winning design that could prove with the set
constrains is the winning design. The winning design that has won all of the constraints of the system
upon deciding with careful hypothesis and analysis the winning design is to be made as a prototype that
could give the results that we need in order to determine the possible results that were analyzed based
on the constraint.
 Start

Identify the Problem Design 1

Data Gathering Design 2

Scope and Limitations

Design 3

Design of Dormitory’s Water usage Design 4

monitoring

Design 5
NO

Design
Calculations
based on
Standards

YES

Design Trade-offs

Prototype making and Testing

Conclusion and Recommendation

End

Figure 1-1. Project Development

 CHAPTER 2. DESIGN INPUTS

Design Criteria & Constraints

Table 2-1. Design Criteria & Constraints
Criteria Range Constraint
Cost Php 80 Thousand – Php 170 Thousand Economical
Efficiency 30%-60% Manufacturability
60%-80% Reliability
Life Span 15 yrs – 20 yrs Reliability
Table 2-1 shows the design criteria, range, and constraint. The project includes the budget limitation,
reliability of the system, and design efficiency. This criterion will be the guide for doing the project design.

Cost
Cost refers to economical constraint and the total estimate expenditures of the project. It is an estimated
budget. The components should be affordable, easy to maintain, and easily available in the market. The
total cost is the sum of all expenditures used for each design of the project.

Efficiency
In this criterion, the efficiency shows the effect on generated output depends on a scenario. The criterion
should show the worst and best scenario to get the efficiency of the generated power. Renewable energy
always vary depends on the climate and scenario.

Operating Time
Operating Time of the project is one of the manufacturability constraints, an important criterion in this
project since the design should have a time interval during which an item is in operating state. Operating
time includes actual operation of the equipment or the equipment is available for performing its required
function on demand.

Life Span
Life span of the project is one of the Reliability constraints, it is an important criterion for this is where you
can actually determine if the design is worth what it cost. Life span is the average length of life of a
material object after being exposed or under specified circumstances causing it to deteriorate.
Design Data
To consider the actual data we must first determine the water consumption data usually used in a normal
household.

Figure 2- 1.Average domestic water consumption

Figure 2-2 shows the Average domestic water consumption with a full flushing system, also it shows that
the average liter pe day an individual can use, the total is 200 liters of water per day [4].

Figure 2- 2. Water rate Adjustment

Figure 2-3 shows the water rate adjustment that will be effective on January 1, 2019. This shows the
possible hike of the cost for every cubic meter of water per month.[5].
Review of Related Literature
Table 2-2.Review of Related Literature
Title Similarities Differences
1.An efficient Wireless Sensor It uses water and This system uses a WSN based. And its
Network-based water quality wireless module consists of a water quality monitoring
monitoring system. [6] system and wireless sent directly to the
GPRS module to upload the server.
2.Research on water Water environment different water function and volume of
environment automatic ecological hydrological datum based on the entire
monitoring evaluation system compensation area of big cities
for ecological compensation. [7]
3. Design and realization of water quality Geographic Information System (GIS)
water quality informationinformation technique. Seeing that water quality
management system based on management system information management system in some
GIS. [8] small and medium-sized cities only
manages a large number of water quality
attribute data at present,
4. Smart Water Monitoring monitoring the amount Smart Water Monitoring System it uses
System for Real-Time Water of water consumed by a Smart Water Quantity meter and Smart
Quality and Usage Monitoring household Water Quality meter
[9]
5.Research on Environment low power intelligent environment system for water-
System for Water Monitor. [10] consumption, high based on scientific decision-Making and
reliability. Easy to install remote analysis is developed
6. A state monitoring method of water supply system filter for a hydraulic pressure sensor, and
fire water supply system based based on water emphatically studied the time domain law
on hydraulic pressure mean pressure means of hydraulic pressure signal.
value [11]
7. An IoT-Based System for Reliable water sources integrated system based using IoT for
Water Resources Monitoring and monitoring water resources monitoring and
and Management. [12] management
8.A solar-powered long-range Quality of water It uses a low power wide area network
real-time water quality resources and water and long-range wide area network for
monitoring system by quality monitoring data transmission.
LoRaWAN. [13]
9.An Intelligent System on Water quality This system can recognize the automatic
Water Bloom Remote Monitor monitoring real-time monitor for the change of water
and Predication. [14] quality
10.Solar-powered continuous wastewater The real-life monitoring is not only can be
microcontroller module for real- quality information monitored also can store continuous
time sewerage treatment plant measurement for a long period. It uses
monitoring system: Prototype sensor-based sent via wireless channel
development. [15] or by a text message
Table 2-2 shows the different reviews of related literature and its similarities and differences to the
proposed project.
 CHAPTER 3. PROJECT DESIGN

Lithium Ion

Solar Lithium Polymer

Nickel Metal-Hydride

Lithium Ion

Hydro
Lithium Polymer
Turbine

Nickel Metal-Hydride

Lithium Ion

Wind Lithium Polymer Control

Turbine System

Nickel Metal-Hydride

Lithium Ion

Hybrid Solar-
Wind Turbine Lithium Polymer

Nickel Metal-Hydride

Lithium Ion

Hybrid Wind-
Lithium Polymer
Hydro Turbine

Nickel Metal-Hydride

Figure 3- 1. Design Hierarchy

 References

[1] U. Nation, “The Human Right to Water and Sanitation,” in UN-Water Decade Programme on
Advocacy and Communication and Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council, Zaragoza,
2010.
[2] “South China Morning Post,” Associated Press, 14 March 2019. [Online]. Available:
https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/3001762/philippine-water-shortage-hits-
more-6-million-people-and. [Accessed 17 December 2019].
[3] worldometers, “worldometers,” worldometers, 17 December 2019. [Online]. Available:
https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/philippines-population/. [Accessed 17 December
2019].
[4] “Average Daily Water Usage,” [Online]. Available:
https://www.theworldcounts.com/stories/average-daily-water-usage.
[5] “Water Price Hike,” [Online]. Available: https://www.untvweb.com/news/water-price-hike-looms-in-
2019/.
[6] “An efficient Wireless Sensor Network-based water quality monitoring system.,” IEEE.
[7] “Research on water environment automatic monitoring evaluation system for ecological
compensation,” IEEE.
[8] “Design and realization of water quality information management system based on GIS,” IEEE.
[9] “Smart Water Monitoring System for Real-Time Water Quality and Usage Monitoring,” IEEE.
[10] “Research on Environment System for Water Monitor,” IEEE.
[11] “A state monitoring method of fire water supply system based on hydraulic pressure mean value,”
IEEE.
[12] “An IoT-Based System for Water Resources Monitoring and Management,” IEEE.
[13] “A solar-powered long-range real-time water quality monitoring system by LoRaWAN,” IEEE.
[14] “A solar-powered long-range real-time water quality monitoring system by LoRaWAN,” IEEE.
[15] “Solar-powered microcontroller module for real-time sewerage treatment plant monitoring system:
Prototype development,” IEEE.
[16] “https://www.who.int/philippines/news/feature-stories/detail/water-shortage-in-the-philippines-
threatens-sustainable-development-and-health”.