Human Functional Anatomy 213 week 6 1 Human Functional Anatomy 213 week 6 2

HUMAN FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY 213 DORSAL and VENTRAL,

UPPER & LOWER LIMBS COMPARED PREAXIAL and POSTAXIAL

THIS WEEKS LAB: Limbs evolved from paddles or fins, each with
The hand and Foot 1. Dorsal and ventral sides
2. Preaxial and postaxial edges.
In this lecture During
Dorsal and ventral, Preaxial and postaxial development,
Similarities in structure – Homology? human limbs were
1. Bones the same, but
2. Muscles rotations and
3. Nerves differential
Muscles of the Shoulder and Hip/Arm and Thigh growth have
The hand and foot modified the
Muscles of the leg/foot and forearm/hand overall shape.
The preaxial
border is closer to
the head and
therefore supplied
by more cranial
nerves.

We can identify the

preaxial and postaxial
borders in adult limbs by
the first and fifth digits of
the hand and foot

Veins and nerves

Human Functional Anatomy 213 week 6 3 Human Functional Anatomy 213 week 6 4

Similarities in structure - Homology PROXIMAL MUSCLES IN THE UPPER AND

LOWER LIMBS
Bones and joints
Shoulder & Hip – Ball and socket joints Shoulder and arm Hip and thigh
Humerus & Femur – Single bone in the proximal segment. Triceps Quadruceps etc
Radial nerve Femoral nerve

Knee & Elbow – hinge/uniaxial joints.

Biceps etc Hamstrings
Musculocutaneous nerve Tibial nerve
Leg & Forearm – Two bones in the distal segment
Tibia & Radius – Preaxial bones.
Fibula & ulna – Postaxial bones Deltoid plus Gluteals & TFL
posterior axillary muscles plus 6 lateral rotators
Axillary nerve and post cord Gluteal nerves
Ankle & Wrist – tarsals & carpals
Even in the
Pectorals Adductors
hand and foot we Pectoral nerves Obturator nerve
can find homologies
between the carpal
and tarsal bones.

We have already
seen the pattern of
similarity between
the muscle groups
in the arm and
thigh…
Human Functional Anatomy 213 week 6 5

HOMOLOGY OF MUSCLE GROUPS IN THE DISTAL

SEGMENTS OF UPPER AND LOWER LIMB
Nerve supply (T=tibial, LP=lateral plantar, MP=medial plantar, SP=superficial peroneal, DP=deep peroneal).
Dorsal = black, Ventral = red
UPPER LIMB LOWER LIMB
EXTRINSIC FLEXORS Nerve Nerve
Palmaris longus M
Flexor digitorum superficialis M
Flexor digitorum profundus U+M
Flexor pollicis longus M
Flexor carpi radialis M
Flexor carpi ulnaris U
INTRINSIC MUSCLES
Lumbricals U+M
Interossei U
Adductor pollicis U
Abductor digiti minimi U
Flexor digiti minimi U
Opponens digiti minimi U
Abductor pollicis brevis M
Flexor pollicis brevis M
Opponens pollicis M
EXTRINSIC EXTENSORS
Extensor digitorum R
Extensor indicis R
Extensor digiti minimi R
Extensor pollicis longus R
Extensor pollicis brevis R
Abductor pollicis longus R
Extensor carpi ulnaris R
Extensor carpi radialis longus R
Extensor carpi radialis brevis R
OTHER MUSCLES
Pronator teres M
Pronator quadratus M
Brachioradialis R
Supinator R
Do you think the lateral compartment of the leg is "dorsal" or "ventral"?
Are there any leg or foot muscles which you cannot pair with upper limb muscles?

Radial

Ulnar

Median