Reg.

No:
SET-I 5. Dead organisms are also comes under the biomass. K1
VIVEKANANDHA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING a) True
FOR WOMEN b) False
[AUTONOMOUS]
Elayampalayam – 637 205, Tiruchengode, Namakkal Dt., 6. Biomass is useful to produce __________ K2
Tamil Nadu. a) Chemicals
b) Fibres
INTERNAL TEST – II c) Biochemicals
Semester &Branch : VII / ECE,BT,CSE Date & Time:08.10.2017/10.15-11.45 AM d) Transportation fuels
Subject :Alternative Energy Systems Max. Marks : 40 Marks PART – B
Subject Code:U15EEOE3 Max. Time: 90 Mins Answer ALL Questions (5 x 2 = 10 marks)
PART – A
7. Define Tip speed ratio K1
Answer ALL Questions (6 x 1 = 6) marks) The tip-speed ratio, X, or TSR for wind turbines is the ratio between the
tangential speed of the tip of a blade and the actual speed of the wind, . The tip-speed
1. The amount of energy available in the wind at any instant is proportional to ___ ratio is related to efficiency, with the optimum varying with blade design.
of the wind speed. K2 8. What are the disadvantages of wind power? K3
(A) Square root power of two
(B) Square root power of three
(C) Square power
(D) Cube power
2. Wind energy is harnessed as ______ energy with the help of windmill or turbine.
K1
(A) Mechanical
(B) Solar
(C) Electrical
(D) Heat
3. Winds having following speed are suitable to operate wind turbines. K2
(A) 5 – 25m/s
(B) 10 – 35m/s 9. What is meant by pitch control? K2
(C) 20 – 45m/s A variable speed pitch control (or vari-speed) is a control on an audio device
(D) 30 – 55m/s such as a turntable, tape recorder, or CD player that allows the operator to
4. The term biomass most often refers to …………K1 deviate from a standard speed (such as 33⅓, 45 or even 78 rpm on a turntable).
10. List the factors affecting bio gas generation. K1
a) Inorganic matter
b) Organic matter
c) Chemicals
d) Ammonium compounds

1
 energy. Thermal conversion technolgies include direct combustion,
pyrolysis?, and torrefaction.

2. Thermochemical conversion is the application of heat and chemical

processes in the production of energy products from biomass. A key
thermochemical conversion process if gasification?.

3. Biochemical conversion involves use of enzymes, bacteria or other

microorganisms to break down biomass into liquid fuels, and includes
anaerobic digestion, and fermentation.

4. Chemical conversion involves use of chemical agents to convert biomass

into liquid fuels.

11. Explain about dry and wet fermentation process. K3

Anaerobic digestion involves a multi-stage process. First, bacteria are used

in hydrolysis to break down carbohydrates, for example, into forms
digestible by other bacteria. The second set of bacteria convert the resulting
sugars and amino acids into carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia and organic
acids. Finally, still other bacterias convert these products into methane and
carbon dioxide. Mixed bacterial cultures are characterized by optimal
temperature ranges for growth. These mixed cultures allow digesters to be
operated over a wide temperature range, for example, above 0° C and up to
60° C. When functioning well, the bacteria convert about 90% of the
biomass feedstock into biogas (containing about 55% methane), which is a
readily useable energy source.
Solid remnants of the original biomass input are left over after the digestion
process. This by-product, or digestate, has many potential uses. Potential
uses include fertilizer (although it should be chemically assessed for toxicity
PART – C
and growth-inhibiting factors first), animal bedding and low-grade building
products like fiberboard.
Answer ALL Questions (2x 12 = 24 marks)
12 a Explain briefly the bio mass conversion technologies K3 12 (Or)
) There are four types of conversion technologies currently available, each b Name the various models of bio gas plant K4 12
appropriate for specific biomass? types and resulting in specific energy ) A total of seven different types of biogas plant have been officially
products: recognised by the MNES.

1. Thermal conversion is the use of heat, with or without the presence of 1. the floating-drum plant with a cylindrical digester (KVIC model),
oxygen, to convert biomass materials or feedstocks into other forms of
2
 2. the fixed-dome plant with a brick reinforced, moulded dome (Janata
model)
3. the floating-drum plant with a hemisphere digester (Pragati model)
4. the fixed-dome plant with a hemisphere digester (Deenbandhu model)
5. the floating-drum plant made of angular steel and plastic foil (Ganesh
model)
6. the floating-drum plant made of pre-fabricated reinforced concrete
compound units
7. the floating-drum plant made of fibre-glass reinforced polyester.
blades to rotate in the wind.
(Or)
b Explain briefly about the horizontal wind mills with neat sketch? K3 12
)
Components of a horizontal-axis wind turbine
Inside view of a wind turbine tower, showing the tendon cables.
Wind turbine design is a careful balance of cost, energy output, and fatigue life.
These factors are balanced using a range of computer modelling techniques.[36]
Components Edit
Wind turbines convert wind energy to electrical energy for distribution.
Conventional horizontal axis turbines can be divided into three components:

13. a With a neat diagram, explain how wind energy can be converted into electrical 12
) energy. K4
The kinetic energy (kinetic energy is the movement or motion of substances
and objects) contained in the wind can be converted into both mechanical and
electrical energy by a windmill. A modern type of windmill that uses the
kinetic energy of the wind to produce an electrical energy output is called a
Wind Turbine.
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The rotor, which is approximately 20% of the wind turbine cost, includes the
blades for converting wind energy to low speed rotational energy.
The generator, which is approximately 34% of the wind turbine cost, includes
the electrical generator,[37][38] the control electronics, and most likely a gear
box (e.g. planetary gear box),[39] adjustable-speed drive or continuously
variable transmission[40] component for converting the low-speed incoming
rotation to high-speed rotation suitable for generating electricity.
The surrounding structure, which is approximately 15% of the wind turbine cost,
includes the tower and rotor yaw mechanism.[41]

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wind energy image
Wind Energy Turbines
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Also, since both the Earth’s land mass and its oceans absorb and release solar
energy back into the atmosphere at different rates, there is a constant shift of
air from between the Earth’s surface and the atmosphere causing the air to
move around in currents, again generating “wind energy”. The Earth’s rotation
also plays a major role in wind energy production.

wind turbine array

An Array of Wind Turbines
Modern wind turbines have a number of air foil shaped rotor blades
resembling aeroplane propellers, unlike windmills which usually had several
flat blades or sails. A combination of both lift and drag causes the turbine