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36
Chapter 5 Reactor Design
inlet and outlet streams, as well as the reactors conditions ,remain unchanged with time.
Simply dividing the volume of the tank by the average volumetric flow rate through the
tank gives the residence time, or the average amount of time a discrete quantity of reagent
spends inside the tank.
In this process liquid phosgene is introduced through the sparger which is located
beneath the impeller and size of sparger is equal to diameter of the impeller .Liquid
solution of Toluene Diamine (TDA) containing 20% of TDA in o-Dichlorobenzene and
further diluting to 13% with the recovered impure solvent is introduced to CSTR through
the nozzle. The reaction of TDA with phosgene is exothermic while vaporization of
hydrogen chloride and phosgene are endothermic process. Through the regulation of
reactor pressure the degree of vaporization can be controlled so that it is not necessary to
supply heat or to remove heat through the jacket of reactor and temperature of reactor
does not vary much during the whole process.
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Chapter 5 Reactor Design
V = Vo × τ
V = 16.5 m3
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Chapter 5 Reactor Design
Where
L = Length of the reactor
D = Diameter of the reactor
After putting L/D = 2.5 calculated that
L = 5.08 m and D = 2.03 m
5.7 IMPELLER
A rotating impeller in a fluid imparts flow and shear to it, the shear resulting from the
flow of one portion of the fluid past another. Limiting cases of flow are in the axial or
radial directions so that impellers are classified conveniently according to which of these
flows is dominant. By reason of reflections from vessel surfaces and obstruction by
baffles and other internals, however, flow patterns in most cases are mixed. For this
process we select Vertical Flat Blade Turbine Impeller and it is located at the center of the
reactor.
5.7.1 REASONS
Circulate the material in radial direction in good manner
It can operate at reasonable high speed
Effective for high turbulence.
Mostly used for gas dispersion
Very versatile ,one of the most used in wide application range
Low cost
5.7.2 IMPELLER SPECIFICATIONS
Impeller type Vertical Flat Six Blades Turbine Impeller
Impeller diameter = d = D/3 = 0.67 m
Impeller blade width = w = D/5 = 0.134 m
Impeller above the bottom of reactor = 0.67 m
Impeller rotational speed = 190 rev. /min.
5.8 BAFFLES
Baffles are used to prevent vortexing and rotation of the liquid mass as a whole. Four
radial baffles at equal spacing are mostly used.
Baffles width = D/12 = 0.17 m Offset = d/2 = 0.335 m
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Chapter 5 Reactor Design
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Chapter 5 Reactor Design
Where
P = Power, watts
Np = Dimensionless power number
= average density, Kg/m3
N = no. of revolutions per seconds of impeller, rps
D = diameter of the impeller, m
Power number is related with the Reynold’s number of the impeller.
5.12.1 REYNOLD’S NUMBER:
Reynold’s no. of impeller is given by following equation
Nd 2
N Re
N Re = 5.3 × 105
(Graph b/w Power number against Reynold’s number of some turbine impeller)
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Chapter 5 Reactor Design
Putting all these values in above power calculating equation and found the value of power
requirement and that is
P = 10469.49 watts = 10.5 Kwatts = 10.5/0.746 hp
P = 14.3 hp
It is assumed that gear derive requires 5% of the impeller horsepower and system
variations require a minimum of 10% of this impeller horsepower
Thus
Actual minimum motor horsepower =impeller required hp/0.85
= 14.3/0.85 = 16.5 hp
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Chapter 5 Reactor Design
Stainless steel
Type 405
11.50% Cr , 0.08%C
CHARACTERISTICS:
Good weld ability properties.
Mostly used for Baffles, Tower lining and heat Exchanger Tubing.
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Chapter 5 Reactor Design
SPECIFICATION SHEET
Identification:
Item Reactor
Item No. R-110
No. required 1
Operation: Continuous
Type: Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
Chemical Reaction:
C7H6(NH2)2 + 2COCl2 C7H6(NCO)2+ 4HCl
Temperature: 135 0C Pressure: 125 psi
Design Data:
Volume: 16.5 m3 Blade width :0.134 m
Length: 5.08 m Diameter: 2.03 m Impeller speed: 190 rpm
Shell thickness: 16 mm Blade material: stainless steel 316
Shell material: stainless steel 302 Thickness of head: 0.019 m = 19.4 mm
No. of baffles: Four Head weight: 326 Kg
Baffle width: 0.17 m Minimum power required: 16.5 hp
Baffles material: stainless steel 405
Impeller type: Vertical flat blade turbine
No. of blades: Six
Impeller diameter: 0.67 m:
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