Copyrighted Materials Sept 0282 tui att tones INTEGRATION OF COMBINED HEAT AND POWER SYSTEMS “The integration of thermal energy through the synthe- sis of heat-exchange networks (HENS) is a key element of an ffeive energy-manogement strategy. AS dis cussed in Chapter 7, substantial savings in heating and cooling utilities can ‘be achieved by implementing heat integeation in industrial facilites. In addition to heating and cooling, other forms of energy should also be con- sidered through the concept of energy integration. One way of defining energy integration (Pl-Halwagi, 2006) is that it is a holistic approach to the design and opera tion of energy systems involving the generation, alloca- tion, transformation, and exchange of all forms of energy including heat and work (or heat rate and power when the system is studied on a per unit-time basis). The objec~ tive of this chapter is to present the principal aspects of energy integration with focus on the integrated design of heat and power systems, commonly referred to as com- bined heat and power (CHP). First, the chapter discusses the concepts of eat engines and heat pumps. Key ther ‘modynamic cycles are also described and integrated with the thermal pinch analysis. Then, design rules are given for the placement of heat pumps and heat engines. Next, a systematic approach is given for the targeting of cogen- eration systems dispensing process heating and power. HEAT ENGINES ‘A heat engine is a device that uses energy in the form of heat to provide work (for example, shaft work that can be used as is or converted to electric energy). It is the basis for many cyclic processes that are used in industry. ‘The following sections give the basics of heat engines and the important case of a steam power plant. Because of the second law of thermodynamics, it is impossible for a cyclic heat engine to convert all the input heat into uselul work. Therefore, heat must be dis- charged. A heat engine has three principal components: 1, A heat source (or hot reservoir) that provides the heat input (Q") to the engine. The temperature of the heat source is referred to as Ty. 2. Aheat sink (or cold reservoir) that receives the dis charged heat (Q®") from the engine. The tempera ture of the heat sink is referred to as Ty. 3. An object on which work (W) is done, ‘There are numerous industrial applications of heat engines, A common application is the automobile engine {internal combustion engine) where heat is generated dur ing one part of the cycle and is used in another part of the to produce useful work, Another application of heat nes is in power plants with steam turbines where fuel ‘Sustinale Design Through Pres ntgriion, High-Temperature Heat Source Tr o Py Low-Temperature Heat Sink FIGURE 8-1. heat engine is bumed to generate heat that is added to water to pro- duce steam that islet down through a turbine to produce useful work. Heat engines may be modeled through ther- modynamie cycles such as Brayton, Otto, Diese, String, Rankine, and Carnot. Figure 8.1 is a. schematic representation of a heat engine. The energy balance around the heat engine can be written as follows (8.1 Q" = w+Q" ‘The efficiency of the heat engine provides 4 measure of how much work ean be extracted frm the aed hea that is, [82] ae rr AAs mentioned earlier, the second law of thermodynam- ics prevents the engine from transforming all che input heat 0 useful work, Consequently, the efficiency of the heat engine cannot reach 100 percent. The most efficient heat engine eyele is the Carnot eyele described by Nicolas Carnot in 1824. The Carnot eyee involves four steps that 165166 ‘Susana sin Trcugh roses tration Isentropke Compression (work adsed) Ww Isothermal Heat Addon en FIGURE 8-22 A pressure-volume representation of Carat cycle for a heat engine. T {scthermal Heat Addition om w i q laertropic ero ‘Compression sparsion (sertropie (sertropic work ‘work added) produced) . w H ou Isothermal Heat Rejection S=5y s FIGURE 6-2b A ccmpersture- Garg cor ac? feat en 62,467, 790Btuhr Using th approximate carats developed yA et (209), calculate the peer ganas by estan tui of Bape 82 and conga fe data and ‘hareaute wth hve fhe tem tbe, soLUTION Using Ea 815, athe int reste 60s the catuation erp 272610) 2029 F This extn i to be compared wit the data fram th tea taba it by Fe 82508 47 96°F B39] Te Waa a ee Sibsttutng for Tad Tinto E816, we cba 5 = (-05549 3928 + sare” em eHA ‘573 Buh ard sig F817, we got Ba = onuea = 23929 +1 ra) + 81735 ‘3167 Bul Tse resus should be compared with the data rom the steam bes: = 132138tufb ard S~ 15508 Bat) (Continaed174 ‘Susana sin Trcugh roses tration “Example 8-3. Using approximate correlations to model the performance of a steam turbine in a (Continued) Rankine cycle ( Fer anisnacic egusion stan, the att roy of tam 1 S673Bnb) ede press i20ps Use 815, have the stuatontenpeatues the aut condos tbe 2 Ty = M2700 ™ oe =an08 uation 817s ued cle the isertopc ett erty flows: pus HES = 0705 * S795" 5575" + 1735 = 17042 Bub Based on fi 14, the power produce by the tines W = 68.200 ly 4543167 12012 a ee = 5482025 Bute oc intuit Bu. br. NEB. Ms paw) WE SRE ne eta 1 sons This resuk shoul be compared th hein result of xampl 82, wing ‘hesteam ables tat gave turbine power of 1. CONN Ea. 230) Asante sen, the carlton ae corveret fer numeral cleats compared 0 the seam tales, and te aie an aor suk for cone desi end ‘aati pups PLACEMENT OF HEAT ENGINES AND. INTEGRATION WITH THERMAL PINCH ANALYSIS When heat engines are used, chey have a strong interac tion with the heat integration of the process, Because the heat engine extracts and discharges heat, the following questions should be addressed ‘© Where should the heat engine be placed on the tem- perature scale? © What is the source of heat for the engine? © Where should the heat leaving” the engine be discharged? © How should the heat engine be interfaced with the ul To answer these questions, let us frst consider the cas- cade diagram for the HEN of the process. Constructing the cascade diagram was described in Chapter 7. Suppose the cascade diagram of the HEN is represented by Fig. 8.10 and involves five temperature intervals with the pinch location corresponding to the temperature between intervals three and four (that is, lower temperature for interval three, which is upper temperature for interval four). The residual heat for the kth interval is designated by dy. The pinch location corresponds to zero heat resid ual. The minimum heating and cooling utilities are desig nated by Qui and Qc™. Townsend and Linnhof (1983, b) identified several important observations for the placement of heat engines. “To discuss these observations, let us consider Figures 8.11 through 8.13. First, Fig. 8.11 illustrates the placement of the heat engine completely above the pinch. For the HEN, the region above the pinch has a deficit in heat, which is equal to minimum heating utility. Meanwhile, the heat engine has a heat surplus in the form of heat discharge to the low-temperature sink, which is an indi- cation of a thermodynamic waste. Therefore, itis benefi- Gal to match the heat deficit of the HEN with the heat jog —_— = 4 — = ye -O(pinch cation) —_— = —_ia— FIGURE 8-10 Cascade dgram fors HEN, discharge from the engine. This can be achieved by plac ing the heat exchanger above the pinch, In this case heat js extracted for the heat engine from a high-temperature heat source that is hotter than the required temperature for the heating utility, and the discharged heat is selected to match the minimum heating utility. Therefore, the process requirement for the heating utility serves. as the heat sink for the heat engine. Consequently, the(CHAPTERS regain of CombinadHeat and Paver Stems 175 [pens atone] 7 aa > 5 =0 (pinch location) + —| 4 fe oF + ii vom FIGURE 8-11 Plcemnene ofthe hext engine shove the pinch ara Heat) Ww. Engine ]ewar—w Low-Temperature Heat Sin FIGURE 8-12 Placement ofthe heat engine below the pinch. High Temperate Heat Source bi | = pch eaton} FIGURE 8-13 Placciment of the heat engine scrote pinch discharged heat from the heat engine is fully utilized 0 provide the heating utility for the process. This way, the heat discharged from the heat engine is no longer wasted and is effectively utilized in the HEN. So, although the efceney of «heat engine is thermodmacally ited, such efficiency can be boosted if the heat engine is aug- mented with the HEN. As shown by Fig. 8.11, when the heat engine is properly placed above the pinch, the heat extracted from the hot source is transformed cither to useful work or discharged as heat that is used to provide heating utility Figure 8.12 shows the placement of the heat engine below the pinch. For the HEN, the region below the pinch fag 4 net surplat in heat. Therfore, « scuba proposition is to place the heat engine below the pinch such that the HEN surplus (required cooling utility) is used as the heat input to the heat engine. Consequently, two benefits accrue: The heat surplus below the pind is removed by the heat engine, and this extracted heat is, partially transformed to useful work. Finally, let us consider placing the heat engine across the pinch where heat is extracted from above the pinch and discharged below the pinch. As can be seen from ig. 8.13, there is no benefit from this arrangement. No reduction is achieved in heating or cooling utilities, and the heat engine performs in a similar way to the case when it is operated separately from the HEN. ‘The previous discussion illustrates the need to appro- priately place the heat engine. As observed by Townsend and Linnhoff (19832, 6), the heat engine should be placed abuve the pinch or below the pinch (but not across the pinch).176 ‘Susana sin Trcugh roses tration = a ——— "Example 8-4 Placement of a heat engine Consist cheni!pacesing foi Haka 20089 hurts Fg 814 The prc ar tw ae eas The nomi pdt lang he fst tear shetaton f20K o€K tlre beige oh vse Tol cate ving he ator) ot CDK old 80K pero bar foarte thegariestert uit. Tre mate ora thebtom fhe rear if asepaaton network The godt steam lave he sepa ever. {sco om 0 te 0K gro sas Ay ec steam hated trey 20K 130K bus or es ah colar. Stan deta a genin Tale a2 inthe cent operation th et eng tH, HC ane ful urge coi and ast itn. Thre, ha carer age ot ceaiogand eng sites frh press are 8300 a SACD pectic The pone forte proces pndedvi aes eine hat npxinats the perfomacr Canat hes ere Tee ene avs S008 of heat ram anareanot at 13K anche et ae sikat SOK To sess he prormane ofthe oa bat yt, © esi ay betelowagiass 4. Osten th grated por nt thet etre cog fr te host ergne 2. orto inten {orb pees detente nian hestng ardcosing sites Avant AT"™ — TOK ud inate the heat eran wth he HEN 3 FIGURE 8-14 Simple ow shee or che chemical processing Snr EH O00. TABLE 8.1 Hot Stream Data for the Chemical Process Flow Rate x Supply Target Enthalpy Specific Heat, Temperature, ‘Temperature, Change, Stream WK K K kw Th 300 0 30 =33,000 H, 500 00 30 50,900 SOLUTION 1. Heat engine cafcuations Accrcingto 86, he eficienyicaulted as flows: on (eas) is a et = Generated pomeris etermined though E82 (24s) W = 04"40.000 ~ 15000 Parforming he enryblonoe gun by E81, we gett ate cf heat charge SODK tobe ean (0° = 4000 ~ 16000 = 24.000 107 Figure 15is a shemati representation of thisheat engine 2 MEW argetng The TO and th cascade dsgram are shown by Figures 8.18 end 17. Product (to sales) 300 Wastewater gy Seure: B-Haboagi 2000). (Contnnel)(CHAPTERS regain of CombinadHeat and Paver Stems 7 “Example 8-4 Placement of a heat engine (Continued) = theheting tie reds from 0004 t ICON, a shoan by Fe TABLE 8.2. Cold Steam Data for the Chemical Process 3. Intgration ofthe beat engine with the HEN £878 Adana ha cooing ity need o omave the 24, 000K ot The heat scared rom the hat engine at 00K, which iho enogh ht dcharged rom he eat rg is completely eleisted aris now +o provide a partion of the needed heating uly forthe HEN. Therefor, cfstvely use roe he heting uy equremer ofthe HEN. Flow Rate x Supply Target Enthalpy Specie Het, Tompernure, Temmpursture, Changer itn r r en 0 20 0 -2000 : 20 no 30 1400 cm. Tian Tempore Meat Source Tire «in = 40,000 Kw Heat enge Hot streams ota streams Jeter talt soo |a00 as 1 Hy 400, 450 8 2 z 3 we Vle IE ri c 3 LJ 400. 390 KS _ ¥ ps0 | suo 3 5 2 ‘ % s30_| |s0 8 $ & * ¥v 300 290 FIGURE 8-16 "Temperstur interval diagram for the HEN of Expl 84, Soares E-Hahong (2008. (Continned)178 ‘Susana sin Trcugh roses tration (REGS covsonof a taetendlee(Gorcca) "777 ENG ny = 380004 t ° 24000 000 2000 1,000 (0. Thermal Pinch location ‘ 1 40.000 10,000 10,000 45,000 15,000 { fay «80000407 FIGURE 6-17 Cascade dingram forthe HEN of Example 84. Shure: E-Tlatong) (2006) a High Temperature Heat Souce cin=t0.00Kw" Hea) _wer6.000K Ting =99000~24.000 Exgine ewe ‘a= 24.0040 © Therma. Pe Locaven Fraing = e000 KW FIGURE 8-18 Integrated hoat engine and HEN for Example 8 Shure: EP Haboagi 000) HEAT PUMPS A heat pump is a device that uses external energy in the form of external work to extract heat from a low- temperature heat source to a high-temperature heat si Consequently, a heat pump conceptually operates oppo- Seto hed engine sorts wot to ores the Bo of heat from low to high temperature. In ies simplest form, a heat pump has three elements: 1. A heat sures (or col reservoir) that provides the heat input (Q*) to the heat pump. The tempera- ture ofthe heat soure is referred as Ty. . A heat sink (or hot reservoir) that receives the dis- charged heat (Q") from the heat pump. The tem- perature of the heat pump is referred to as Ty 3. An external source that delivers work (W). ‘The concept of a heat pump is widely used in many appli- cations such asthe reigeration where heat exacted from a low-temperature source (For example, object to be cooled) and is discharged in another part of the systems (for example, the surroundings) by exerting external work fon the system. Other applications are intended for heat- ing by “lifting” the heat from a low-temperature source using work to provide heat at a high-temperature sink. Figure 8.19 is a schematic representation of a heat pump. The energy balance around the heat pump can be written as follows: [843] r+ =Q" ‘The coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump provides a measure of how efficient the heat pump is in extracting heat from the cold reservoir or discharging heat to the hot reservoir relative to how much work is added, Therefore, the COP may be defined on a cooling fora heating basis; thats, on [8.493] COPeaing = Fewhere COPoai is the coefficient of performance of the heat pump on a.cooling basis. It gives a measure of effi- ciency of the heat pump in removing heat from the low= temperature source relative to the work added and oe [8.49] a COP jarng ~ where COPhizng is the coefficient of performance of the heat pump on a heating basis. It gives a measure of effi- ciency of the heat pump in discharging heat to the high- temperature source relative to the work added. ‘There are several types and implementations of heat pumps. In the following sections, three types of heat ‘pumps are covered: 1. Closed-cyele vapor-compression heat pumps using a separate working fluid (refrigerant) igh Tomparaure Heat Sink Tow Temperature Heat Source q FIGURE 8-19 A hese pum, CHAPTERS. been of CombinedHet and Powe Sytons 179 2. Open-cycle mechanical vapor recompression using. a process stream as the working fluid 3. Absorption refrigeration cycles CLOSED-CYCLE VAPOR-COMPRESSION HEAT PUMPS USING A SEPARATE WORKING FLUID (REFRIGERANT) The main components in such a closed-cycle vapor- compression heat pump system are two heat exchangers G@ condenser and an evaporator), a compress, and an expansion device. Figure 8.20 gives a schematic represen- tation of the closed-cycle vapor-compression heat pump. Another important element of the vapor-compression heat pump is a volatile liquid that is referred to as the working fluid or the refrigerant and is circulated through the four components. Examples of refrigerants include hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofiuoro- carbons (HFCs). The working fluid (refrigerant) is used to remove heat from the high-temperature heat source (through 2 heat exchanger—an evaporator) and to deliver heat to the low-temperature heat sink (through a heat- exchanger—a condenser). A saturated or superheated vapor leaving the evaporator is fed to the compeessor where an external energy (for example, mechanical, elee- tric) is added. As a result of the compression, the pressure and temperature of the vapor increase. The hot, com- pressed vapor is fed to a condenser where it condenses and releases heat to a hot reservoir or heat sink. Then, the ‘working fluid is expanded through an expansion valve and fed to the evaporator. The temperature of the working fluid fed to the evaporator is maintained below the tem= perature of the heat source (or cold reservoir). Therefore, heat flows from the heat source to the working fluid in the evaporator, regain in the working Hud becoming a saturated or supetheated vapor (which is the original state in which we started), and the cycle continues. High-Temperaure Heat Sink Saturated ot 5 Supethected is | Vapor Condenser Compressor Expansion w Valve -— =— ww if a FIGURE 8-20 v2por-compresion hea pump. Low-Temperature Heat Source:180 ‘Susana sin Treugh roses interaton High-Temperature 7 Sips VA an ‘Compressor = le Low-Temperature Heat Source FIGURE 8-21 Brayton cycle heat pump. tT FIGURE 8-22A Ts reprexnesion ofa Carnot heat pump, A common form of the vapor-compression heat pump used in refrigeration is the Brayton cycle shown in Fig. 8.21. In this eycle, the external work is reduced by expanding the vapor in'a turbine instead of an expansion valve. The work generated in the turbine is used to sup- plement the work exerted on the compressor. “The most efficent vapor-compression heat_pump is the Camot eyele, which involves the folowing four steps shown by Fig. 8.22a: ‘© Isothermal expansion from state ito state i: Heat, Q", is discharged from the working fluid to the high-tem= erature heat source at temperstare Th © Reversible adiabatic (isentropic) expansion of the working fluid from state i to state ii: As a result of the expansion, the temperature is reduced from Ty to Ty. Tear en Raion Isothermal compression from state ili to state iv: Heat, Q@, is removed by the working fluid from the low= temperature heat sink at temperature © Reversible adiabatic (isentropic) compression from state iv to state i Work is added to the working fluid to compress it isentropically. As a result of the com- pression, the temperature is increased from Ty, to Tix, and the cycle is completed. ‘The Carnot eyele is an idealistic system. A more prac tical cycle is shown by Fig. 8.22b and involves the isen- ‘opie compression of a saturated vapor to a superheated state (i), which is condensed under constant pressure and temperature using a high-temperature sink to obtain a high-pressure saturated liquid state (i). The saturated liquid is expanded under constant entropy w give a1 Saar FIGURE 8-228 1-5 representation of heatpump, low-pressure, low-temperature liquid-vapor mixture (state ii), ‘The cold vapor-liquid mixture extracts heat from a low-temperature sink (the unit being refrigerated) under constant pressure and temperature to give a vapor at the saturated state (iv), and the eycle continues. I is useful t0 model the Carnot heat pump to deter- mine a performance target. For a reversible isothermal process, the absolute value of the heat added or removed is equal to the product of temperature times the absolute value of change in entropy. Therefore, [8.50] QM = Ty(Ss — $:) and {est} al (Siz — Sip) Letus stare with the COP on a cooling basis, [8.49] Using Eq, 848, W is substituted with the net heat from Eq. 848. Hence, Sabssusing from Equations 8.50 and 8.1 ito Ha, 8.52 we obtain: (852) COP astag = copeam [8.533] cing fu — Ty where Ti, and Ty are the absolute temperatures of the cold reservoir (heat source) and hot reservoir (heat sink), Isethermal Heat Adon (CHAPTERS regain of CombinadHeat and Paver Stems 181 (entropic work aces) ‘= eertropie Compression 3-8 5 respectively: Ifthe working fluid is notin thermal equilib rium with the eold and hot reservoirs, then 1, and 7 are the absolute temperatures of the working fluid extracting, heat from the cold reservoir and discharging heat to the hot reservoir, respectively Similarly, COP = [8.53b] in ‘The ideal limit for the COP of a heat pump is that of the Carnot cycle. The Carnot heat pump (although impractical) offers the highest value of the COP. The smaller the temperature lift (Tiy~ 1), the higher the COP and the better the performance. Depending on the values of Ti, and Ty, the COP may exceed one. This s the reason for using the term COP instead of efficiency (which typi- cally implies a fraction of one). Values of COP higher than one do not violate thermodynamic laws because energy is not generated in the system. It is simply moved from 4 lower temperature to a higher temperature. Another observation is obtained by subtracting Equations 8.53b and 8.53a to get: L 854] COP tuning = COPEaing + | Therefore, the COP of a heat pump when used pri- marily for heating purposes is higher than when the heat pump (operating between the same T;, and Ty) is used primarily for cooling purposes. The reason is that, in the case of heating, the work added is converted to heating, which adds to the desired purpose. On the other hand, in the case of cooling, the work converted to heating does not contribute to the desired purpose of cooling. In some applications, the heat pump may be switched berween iual purposes: heating and cooling. A common example is the dual-purpose heat pump for residential applications.182 ‘Susana sin Trcugh roses tration aE) a fe WAAIA- eee et in i ca os nn ‘Superheated TTossen Vapor le Sas Dee ea eesti a aD — = wo Caine i Etat visas cmaie: ve, Vapor * ic SS FIGURE 8-238 .\ heat pumpin the cooling mode ‘A heat exchanger (for example, coil) is placed inside the home and another one is placed in the outdoors. In the hhome-heating mode (for example, in winter). shown by Fig. 8.23a, the outdoor coil serves as the evapora- tor and extracts heat fom the low-temperature heat source (the surroundings), and the coil inside the home serves as the evaporators and provides heat to the high- temperature heat sink (the home). A key characteristic of the dual-purpose heat pump is the usage of a valve that enables the reversal of the flow direction of the working fluid. Therefore, to switch from the heating mode to the cooling mode, the flow direction of the working fluid is reversed. Hence, in the home-cooling (air conditioning) ‘mode (for example, in summer) shown by Fig. 8.23b, the coil inside the home serves as the evaporator and extracts heat from the low-temperature heat source (the home) and the outdoor coil serves as the evaporators and pro- Vides heat to the high-temperature heat sink (the sur roundings). A minimum temperature difference (A7™®) is needed for heat transfer. Different values of A7™* may be used for the heat source to the evaporator coil versus the condenser coil to the heat sink.‘proces unto be coed sng a vapor conpesson eat pun that recreates arelrgerant(atraluercatiane, whichis commercial elered oat F1Mol Te hgh esse retigera that dew oan exaprtorpesure of atm, which earspends cabling temperature of 247K Tho reign in ‘he eraportr col entats heat fromthe process wth diving fae of 5K Nex ‘hereigeramt isconpressed sing a compressa that provides 1010 tothe reign The cororesederigerams edo he cncanse, ich scold by conn water at 30. Teheran dn leben the elegant ard the coing water nthe cadena ie TOK. The COPie 7D percent tot (CHAPTERS regain of CombinadHeat and Paver Stems 183 “Example 6-5 Calculating the refrigeration duty for a vaporco ‘This mane tao each W of power aedby the compress, a macnn of 292k can borenoved fom the aw temperate hat soucs, Because the tu! COPis 70 pact of he Carnot COP then Bor) DPsos — arse 2m Using. 8 40a, we gat th retigeratonday the Cingaestthe Ce acanstoe Ones terergpannsay athe 857 Get 2 cust fein Uh cig tr ta, pes caer B55) See Figure 8:24 shows the key features of the refrigeration cycle. mentee 56] et we 2 es COR = 9 — aT : ww" Tena ens 00 NM ny — a ‘Evaporator senwaeaor | WWW Superheated Te247 K = FIGURE 8-24 ‘The refhgersion cycle for Example 85. ‘heat puns tobe used provide heating incld weather and coairg in et ‘weate The fling average data are val forthe cold weather cute heating ate for thehame ~ 36000 tuhe Desi home tenpeare ~ TSF Teer ofthe suroundings = 55 The actual COPis percent ofthe Gamat COPtorheating ‘A minirum diving fc of 10°F is eed fray heat tance ‘The fatowing verage deta re arable forthe het wea Fugues celina for the home = 72.00 Bue (or Bos ef tckiguation her tn of reigertoncoaspndso 12,000 Bahr ‘nthe pie traional based on he rein dy esd to freeze oe tn wate) Desied haa tempoature - 70% = Tenperaure ofthe surondins = S0°F = The actual COPis pect of he Carat COPracolg ‘A minenum ring foc ct 10° is esd fray heat rater, compere pec, tine th ere a8 compressor cessed ashe power ike inhorsepone. (Continued[Next Page] 184 Sate en rach Poca gon ae eee Example 8-6 Calculating the power needed fora dust purpose vaporcompression heat pump (Continued) souurion Teoevatue ee opr ne epost wane ‘During Cold Weather (Heating Mode) ‘home. Hence, ieiaitatiaieatanlpeiuipenn ricci ig (Gout Setmpesr cere ne turparase ree Elicia Soke dae cae Bs3) Ty = a aan pen [Weare HoTRMNE SCHERER Te anna howe pecan sul Opec Cat COF en (B80) (B68) COoceg = 0.651300 ar Using Eq, 8.53, ‘Using Eg, 8.496, we get the power requirement to be bs poy w= anes -entue prog v8 88 Becase the asl COP paca othe Cano GF hen ae : orm +0 aa 60a, = 086198 Toit Ean Acree lapis tO emer itele saa #48, wet oreo sere buh Getter eae eprom be aa w= sana aA) powerpoint = 82008 4065 Bat = 14.201 Buh semig 008, ‘ean en 0 = 34000 4063 Bn rhea ‘Actual val osepowar provided the compresar ~ Daring Hot Woathr (Ar Conitoning Modo) “Therein enoeatr nthe conser is 10° ghar than he temperature ofthe surounigs hats = The closest ager compressa that iscormarcialy ave shou be as selected for example 75h] The resus for bth seasons ae shown by Fes Sone 2S andb (Bs) Home (high temperature heatsink) Thome = 535R, (Q0=36,000 Buh T,=55R ‘Condenser Compressor Expansion Evaporator ‘Saturated oF ‘Superheated T.=505R Vapor lon 31,937 Btuhe Toten 515R Outdoors (low temperature heat source) FIGURE 8-268 ‘The heating mae for Example 85, (Contnwed)