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Z (impedance calc)
Reactor R1
z=4% on 20 MVA Z(pu)old = Z(pu)new * [(MVA)n
100
Reactor Zr1 100 % 1 P.U
cable Zc1 0.0384 ohm Z(pu) = (Z(ohms)*(KVA)b)/KVb
At bus B
fault MVA 231.6233 MVA
At bus A
fault MVA 431.5264 MVA
Selection of CT's
CT secondaries are generally rated to carry a short-term current equal to 100 x rated secondary current.
Therefore a check is required that none of the new CT secondaries has a current of more than 100A when
maximum fault current is flowing in primary
FLC 400 A
margin 1.19 relay current setting should not be less than 420.1680672269
CTR 500
I> 0.952 27.75675
19.6008403361
Ifault 9330 A
TOP 0.35 Sec
TMS 1.676469
pg no.153 NPAG
= (Z(ohms)*(KVA)b)/KVb^2
root 3
BUS CT Fault Amps CT pri CT sec turns ratio CT sec current remark
B 1 12171.4807 500 1 500 24.3429613434 satisfy
B 2 12171.4807 500 1 500 24.3429613434 satisfy
A 3 22676.1109 1000 1 1000 22.6761109233 satisfy
source 1 4 26274.3037 3000 1 3000 8.7581012437 satisfy
source 2 5 26274.3037 3000 5 600 43.7905062183 satisfy
In this condition there no significant difference between maximum and minimum fault level its very small
However in other applications where significant differences between maximum and minimum fault
levels exist, it is essential to ensure that the selection of a current setting that is greater than full load current does not
result in the relay failing to operate under minimum fault current conditions.
For a Fuse downstream, the IDMT curve characteristic selected is Extremely Inverse
TMS for relay F1 0.1 Sec GIVEN With EI characteristics used for
operating time (t) 0.02 sec relays F1 and F2, the operating time for
TMS=0.1 because the fault current is gre
TMS for relay F2 0.25 Sec GIVEN relay setting, at which point the EI chara
operating time 0.05 Sec definite time (Figure 9.4) and 0.05s for r
Relay 1 operating time 0.35 sec
TMS for relay 1 1.67 sec Ir^2-1 378.0374131549
If this value of TMS is outside the settable range of the relay (maximum setting was 1.2 in historical variants),
IsrIf=sqrt((80/t)+1)
setting at relay 1 at fault current IsrIf 15.0894
given
0.3 s
e of TMS(calculated )is outside the range relay setting TMS then we have to find the value of fault current at which we can set the relay
n-to adjust the TMS to 1.2 we need to increase the current setting (Is) to 620Amps
t which we can set the relay , for available TMS value
grading margin
Relay 3 setting
FLA 1000 Amps
CT ratio 1000
margin 0.95
I> 0.95
Relay 3 current setting should be considered little
greater than 1052.63 Amps higher
Fault current at bus B 12171.5 Amps
TMS at relay 1 1
Fault current setting at relay 1 620 Amps grading margin
condition 1 fault is just
beyond relay 1 and relay 2
(12.2KA) operating time at relay1(t) 0.20812 sec
condition 1 condition 2
Ir 11.5 Ir
TMS 0.8 TMS
t 0.51 sec t
+
1060 Amps
0.3
0.834159
sec
5564.544
1.742914
condition 2
5.0
0.4
1.41579 sec
nt
Relay 4 setting
SI char for relay 4 to ensure grading as the supply authority requires that relay 5 use an SI characteristics
relay 4 current setting must greater than 0.98 98.2 % that is 98% of the CT ratio
Relay 1 Relay 3
current time time current
700 291.2121 884.3148148148 1100
1100 37.24806 67.8309659091 1500
1400 19.51764 30.7290862291 1900
1800 10.76902 18.3383256528 2300 1000
2200 6.901876 12.3905033731 2700
2600 4.823389 9.0032051282 3100
3000 3.569339 6.8669830313 3500
3400 2.751709 5.4240118128 3900 100
3800 2.187882 4.3995761931 4300
4200 1.782146 3.6441544567 4700
4600 1.480198 3.0701427286 5100
5000 1.249289 2.6232146781 5500
10
5400 1.068683 2.2681200722 5900
5800 0.924716 1.981123465 6300
Time
6200 0.808081 1.7457410251 6700
6600 0.712254 1.5502207506 7100
1
7000 0.632554 1.3859929181 7500
7400 0.565548 1.2466844194 7900
7800 0.508671 1.1274732021 8300
8200 0.459976 1.0246545361 8700
0.1
8600 0.417965 0.9353429702 9100
9000 0.381465 0.8572633922 9500
9400 0.349551 0.788601909 9900
9800 0.321487 0.7278976892 10300
10200 0.296675 0.6739633613 10700 0.01
100
10600 0.274631 0.6258256448 11100
11000 0.254959 0.5826805281 11500
11400 0.237329 0.5438590497 11900
11800 0.221467 0.5088009035 12300
12200 0.21 0.4770338848 12700
12600 0.21 0.4481577416 13100
13000 0.21 0.4218313841 13500
13400 0.21 0.3977626735 13900
13800 0.21 0.375700214 14300
14200 0.21 0.3554267085 14700
14600 0.21 0.3367535471 15100
15000 0.21 0.3195163729 15500 15860
15400 0.21 0.02 15900
15800 0.21 0.020 16300
16200 0.21 0.020 16700
16600 0.21 0.020 17100
17000 0.21 0.020 17500
17400 0.21 0.020 17900
17800 0.21 0.020 18300
18200 0.21 0.020 18700
18600 0.21 0.020 19100
19000 0.21 0.020 19500
19400 0.21 0.020 19900
19800 0.21 0.020 20300
20200 0.21 0.020 20700
20600 0.21 0.020 21100
21000 0.21 0.020 21500
21400 0.21 0.020 21900
21800 0.21 0.020 22300
22200 0.21 0.020 22700
22600 0.21 0.020 23100
23000 0.21 0.020 23500
23400 0.21 0.020 23900
23800 0.21 0.020 24300
24200 0.21 0.020 24700
24600 0.21 0.020 25100
25000 0.21 0.020 25500
25400 0.21 0.020 25900
25800 0.21 0.020 26300
26200 0.21 0.020 26700
26600 0.21 0.020 27100
27000 0.21 0.020 27500
27400 0.21 0.020 27900
27800 0.21 0.020 28300
28200 0.21 0.020 28700
28600 0.21 0.020 29100
29000 0.21 0.020 29500
29400 0.21 0.020 29900
29800 0.21 0.020 30300
30200 0.21 0.020 30700
30600 0.21 0.020 31100
31000 0.21 0.020 31500
31400 0.21 0.020 31900
31800 0.21 0.020 32300
32200 0.21 0.020 32700
32600 0.21 0.020 33100
33000 0.21 0.020 33500
33400 0.21 0.020 33900
33800 0.21 0.020 34300
34200 0.21 0.020 34700
0.020 35100
0.020 35500
0.020 35900
0.020 36300
0.422455
TCC-problem
1000
rel ay
1
100 rel ay
3
10
Time
0.1
0.01
100 1000 10000 100000
current
relay 4 relays 3 and 4 do not grade
TMS 0.15
setting of relay 3 3000 amps
Relay 3
time current
32.0116320896 3100
8.3785554641 3400
4.9961702315 3700
3.6393725405 4000
2.9061571162 4300
2.4459770084 4600
2.1296536489 4900
1.8984493353 5200
1.7218062799 5500
1.5822526329 5800
1.4690722463 6100
1.3753254031 6400
1.2963186926 6700
1.2287632815 7000
1.1702854234 7300
1.1191284252 7600
1.0739640352 7900
1.0337690739 8200
0.9977424071 8500
0.965247659 8800
0.9357728099 9100
0.9089011409 9400
0.8842899727 9700
0.861654861 10000
0.8407576815 10300
0.8213975304 10600
0.8034036926 10900
0.7866301501 11200
0.7709512489 11500
0.7562582499 11800
0.7424565593 12100
0.7294634877 12400
0.7172064231 12700
0.7056213314 13000
0.6946515175 13300
0.6842465963 13600
0.6743616321 13900
0.6649564161 14200
0.6559948558 14500
0.6474444577 14800
0.6392758857 15100
0.6314625836 15400
0.6239804507 15700
0.6168075618 16000
0.6099239253 16300
0.6033112723 16600
0.5969528734 16900
0.5908333786 17200
0.584938676 17500
0.5792557687 17800
0.5737726658 18100
0.5684782854 18400
relay 1 relay 3 condition 1/2
TMS 1 TMS 0.85 TMS2
setting of relay 1 620 Amps setting of relay 3 1060 Amps
Relay 1 Relay 3
current time time current
700 291.2121 884.3148148148 1100
1100 37.24806 67.8309659091 1500
1400 19.51764 30.7290862291 1900
1800 10.76902 18.3383256528 2300
2200 6.901876 12.3905033731 2700 1000 TCC-so
2600 4.823389 9.0032051282 3100
3000 3.569339 6.8669830313 3500
100
3400 2.751709 5.4240118128 3900
3800 2.187882 4.3995761931 4300
4200 1.782146 3.6441544567 4700 10
4600 1.480198 3.0701427286 5100
Time
5000 1.249289 2.6232146781 5500
1
5400 1.068683 2.2681200722 5900
5800 0.924716 1.981123465 6300
6200 0.808081 1.7457410251 6700 0.1
6600 0.712254 1.5502207506 7100
7000 0.632554 1.3859929181 7500
0.01
7400 0.565548 1.2466844194 7900 100 1000
7800 0.508671 1.1274732021 8300 current
8200 0.459976 1.0246545361 8700
8600 0.417965 0.9353429702 9100
9000 0.381465 0.8572633922 9500
9400 0.349551 0.788601909 9900
9800 0.321487 0.7278976892 10300
10200 0.296675 0.6739633613 10700
10600 0.274631 0.6258256448 11100
11000 0.254959 0.5826805281 11500
11400 0.237329 0.5438590497 11900
11800 0.221467 0.5088009035 12300
12200 0.21 0.4770338848 12700
12600 0.21 0.4481577416 13100
13000 0.21 0.4218313841 13500
13400 0.21 0.3977626735 13900
13800 0.21 0.375700214 14300
14200 0.21 0.3554267085 14700
14600 0.21 0.3367535471 15100
15000 0.21 0.3195163729 15500 15860
15400 0.21 0.02 15900
15800 0.21 0.020 16300
16200 0.21 0.020 16700
16600 0.21 0.020 17100
17000 0.21 0.020 17500
17400 0.21 0.020 17900
17800 0.21 0.020 18300
18200 0.21 0.020 18700
18600 0.21 0.020 19100
19000 0.21 0.020 19500
19400 0.21 0.020 19900
19800 0.21 0.020 20300
20200 0.21 0.020 20700
20600 0.21 0.020 21100
21000 0.21 0.020 21500
21400 0.21 0.020 21900
21800 0.21 0.020 22300
22200 0.21 0.020 22700
22600 0.21 0.020 23100
23000 0.21 0.020 23500
23400 0.21 0.020 23900
23800 0.21 0.020 24300
24200 0.21 0.020 24700
24600 0.21 0.020 25100
25000 0.21 0.020 25500
25400 0.21 0.020 25900
25800 0.21 0.020 26300
26200 0.21 0.020 26700
26600 0.21 0.020 27100
27000 0.21 0.020 27500
27400 0.21 0.020 27900
27800 0.21 0.020 28300
28200 0.21 0.020 28700
28600 0.21 0.020 29100
29000 0.21 0.020 29500
29400 0.21 0.020 29900
29800 0.21 0.020 30300
30200 0.21 0.020 30700
30600 0.21 0.020 31100
31000 0.21 0.020 31500
31400 0.21 0.020 31900
31800 0.21 0.020 32300
32200 0.21 0.020 32700
32600 0.21 0.020 33100
33000 0.21 0.020 33500
33400 0.21 0.020 33900
33800 0.21 0.020 34300
34200 0.21 0.020 34700
0.020 35100
0.020 35500
0.020 35900
0.020 36300
relay 4 relays 3 and 4 do not grade
0.422455 TMS 0.275
setting of relay 3 3000
Relay 3 REMARK
time current we have to find suitable TM
58.6879921642 3100 trial and error method by
15.3606850175 3400
9.1596454243 3700
6.6721829909 4000
00 TCC-solved 5.327954713 4300
4.484291182 4600
3.904365023 4900
00
3.4804904481 5200
3.1566448465 5500
10 2.9007964936 5800
rel ay 1 2.6932991182 6100
rel ay 3 2.5214299057 6400
1 rel ay 4
2.3765842697 6700
2.2527326827 7000
.1 2.1455232762 7300
2.0517354462 7600
1.9689340644 7900
01
100 1000 10000 100000 1.8952433021 8200
current 1.829194413 8500
1.7696207082 8800
1.7155834848 9100
1.6663187583 9400
1.6211982832 9700
1.5797005785 10000
1.5413890828 10300
1.5058954723 10600
1.4729067698 10900
1.4421552753 11200
1.413410623 11500
1.3864734581 11800
1.3611703586 12100
1.3373497274 12400
1.3148784424 12700
1.2936391076 13000
1.2735277821 13300
1.2544520932 13600
1.2363296589 13900
1.2190867628 14200
1.2026572356 14500
1.1869815058 14800
1.1720057905 15100
1.1576814033 15400
1.1439641596 15700
1.1308138633 16000
1.118193863 16300
1.1060706658 16600
1.0944136013 16900
1.0831945274 17200
1.0723875726 17500
1.0619689094 17800
1.051916554 18100
1.0422101899 18400
amps
A current setting of 110% of relay 4 current setting (i.e. 110%, or 3300A) is chosen to ensure relay 4 picks up prior to relay 5.
(Ir) 6.87154876
at TMS 1
operating time (t) 3.5623051 S
Relay 1 Relay 3
current time time current
700 291.2121 884.3148148148 1100
1100 37.24806 67.8309659091 1500
1400 19.51764 30.7290862291 1900 TCC-s
1800 10.76902 18.3383256528 2300
1000
2200 6.901876 12.3905033731 2700
2600 4.823389 9.0032051282 3100
3000 3.569339 6.8669830313 3500
100
3400 2.751709 5.4240118128 3900
3800 2.187882 4.3995761931 4300
4200 1.782146 3.6441544567 4700 10
4600 1.480198 3.0701427286 5100
Time
5000 1.249289 2.6232146781 5500
5400 1.068683 2.2681200722 5900 1
5800 0.924716 1.981123465 6300
6200 0.808081 1.7457410251 6700
6600 0.712254 1.5502207506 7100 0.1
7000 0.632554 1.3859929181 7500
7400 0.565548 1.2466844194 7900
7800 0.508671 1.1274732021 8300 0.01
100 1000
8200 0.459976 1.0246545361 8700
8600 0.417965 0.9353429702 9100 cur
9000 0.381465 0.8572633922 9500
9400 0.349551 0.788601909 9900
9800 0.321487 0.7278976892 10300
10200 0.296675 0.6739633613 10700
10600 0.274631 0.6258256448 11100
11000 0.254959 0.5826805281 11500
11400 0.237329 0.5438590497 11900
11800 0.221467 0.5088009035 12300
12200 0.21 0.4770338848 12700
12600 0.21 0.4481577416 13100
13000 0.21 0.4218313841 13500
13400 0.21 0.3977626735 13900
13800 0.21 0.375700214 14300
14200 0.21 0.3554267085 14700
14600 0.21 0.3367535471 15100
15000 0.21 0.3195163729 15500 15860
15400 0.21 0.02 15900
15800 0.21 0.020 16300
16200 0.21 0.020 16700
16600 0.21 0.020 17100
17000 0.21 0.020 17500
17400 0.21 0.020 17900
17800 0.21 0.020 18300
18200 0.21 0.020 18700
18600 0.21 0.020 19100
19000 0.21 0.020 19500
19400 0.21 0.020 19900
19800 0.21 0.020 20300
20200 0.21 0.020 20700
20600 0.21 0.020 21100
21000 0.21 0.020 21500
21400 0.21 0.020 21900
21800 0.21 0.020 22300
22200 0.21 0.020 22700
22600 0.21 0.020 23100
23000 0.21 0.020 23500
23400 0.21 0.020 23900
23800 0.21 0.020 24300
24200 0.21 0.020 24700
24600 0.21 0.020 25100
25000 0.21 0.020 25500
25400 0.21 0.020 25900
25800 0.21 0.020 26300
26200 0.21 0.020 26700
26600 0.21 0.020 27100
27000 0.21 0.020 27500
27400 0.21 0.020 27900
27800 0.21 0.020 28300
28200 0.21 0.020 28700
28600 0.21 0.020 29100
29000 0.21 0.020 29500
29400 0.21 0.020 29900
29800 0.21 0.020 30300
30200 0.21 0.020 30700
30600 0.21 0.020 31100
31000 0.21 0.020 31500
31400 0.21 0.020 31900
31800 0.21 0.020 32300
32200 0.21 0.020 32700
32600 0.21 0.020 33100
33000 0.21 0.020 33500
33400 0.21 0.020 33900
33800 0.21 0.020 34300
34200 0.21 0.020 34700
0.020 35100
0.020 35500
0.020 35900
0.020 36300
relay 4 relays 3 and 4 do not grade
0.422455 TMS 0.275
setting of relay 3 3000
Relay 4
time current
58.6879921642 3100
15.3606850175 3400
TCC-solved 9.1596454243 3700
6.6721829909 4000
5.327954713 4300
4.484291182 4600
3.904365023 4900
3.4804904481 5200
3.1566448465 5500
2.9007964936 5800
rel ay 1 2.6932991182 6100
rel ay 3
rel ay 4
2.5214299057 6400
rel ay 5 2.3765842697 6700
2.2527326827 7000
2.1455232762 7300
2.0517354462 7600
1.9689340644 7900
1.8952433021 8200
1.829194413 8500
00 1000 10000 100000
1.7696207082 8800
current 1.7155834848 9100
1.6663187583 9400
1.6211982832 9700
1.5797005785 10000
1.5413890828 10300
1.5058954723 10600
1.4729067698 10900
1.4421552753 11200
1.413410623 11500
1.3864734581 11800
1.3611703586 12100
1.3373497274 12400
1.3148784424 12700
1.2936391076 13000
1.2735277821 13300
1.2544520932 13600
1.2363296589 13900
1.2190867628 14200
1.2026572356 14500
1.1869815058 14800
1.1720057905 15100
1.1576814033 15400
1.1439641596 15700
1.1308138633 16000
1.118193863 16300
1.1060706658 16600
1.0944136013 16900
1.0831945274 17200
1.0723875726 17500
1.0619689094 17800
1.051916554 18100
1.0422101899 18400
and 4 do not grade relay 5
0.275 TMS 0.35
3000 amps setting of 3300
REMARK Relay 5
we have to find suitable TMS time current
by, trial and error method by
adjusting the TMS of relay 4 82.04441 3400
17.34172 3800
10.13466 4200
7.352072 4600
5.871825 5000
4.950397 5400
4.320015 5800
3.860575 6200
3.510159 6600
3.233594 7000
3.009406 7400
2.823741 7800
2.667256 8200
2.533417 8600
2.417518 9000
2.31608 9400
2.226476 9800
2.146682 10200
2.075119 10600
2.010528 11000
1.9519 11400
1.898414 11800
1.849392 12200
1.804276 12600
1.762594 13000
1.723951 13400
1.68801 13800
1.654484 14200
1.623124 14600
1.593717 15000
1.566075 15400
1.540036 15800
1.515456 16200
1.492209 16600
1.470183 17000
1.449278 17400
1.429405 17800
1.410486 18200
1.392449 18600
1.37523 19000
1.35877 19400
1.343017 19800
1.327924 20200
1.313447 20600
1.299546 21000
1.286186 21400
1.273332 21800
1.260956 22200
1.249028 22600
1.237523 23000
1.226417 23400
1.215689 23800
1.205317 24200
1.195283 24600
1.18557 25000
1.176161 25400
1.16704 25800
1.158195 26200
1.149611 26600
1.141276 27000
1.133178 27400
1.125308 27800
1.117654 28200
1.110207 28600
1.102957 29000
1.095898 29400
1.08902 29800
1.082315 30200
1.075778 30600
1.069401 31000
1.063178 31400
1.057103 31800
1.05117 32200
1.045374 32600
1.03971 33000
1.034172 33400
1.028757 33800
1.023459 34200
1.018276 34600
1.013202 35000
1.008234 35400
1.003368 35800
0.998602 36200
0.993931 36600
0.989353 37000
0.984864 37400
0.980462 37800
0.976144 38200