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TABLE OF CONTENT

• Objective 2
• Introduction 3
• Aim 5
• Motto 6
• Need Of The Project 7
• Scope Of The Project 10
• Methodology 11
• Definition 12
• Elements Of Green Building 12
• Case Study On Green Buildings 17
• Benefits Of Green Building 23
• Implementation From Case Study 24
• Estimate Of Material Quantities 25
• Materials Replaced In Green Buildings 26
• Green Materials (Plumbing, Green Paints etc.) 28
• Conventional & Green Building Plan 47
• Material 49
• Energy Consumptions 50
• Energy Savings 51
• Water Savings 55
• Cost Analysis & Comparison 58
• Cost Analysis Of Present Rates 59
• Conclusion 60

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Economic Evaluation and Comparison

between Green Building and Conventional Building

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Introduction

Economy is the major factor in any type of construction work, especially for
residential houses and more specifically when they are situated in the megacity
in a Developing country like India.

• There is a need of concentrating on a Green Home, which is one of the most

important and one of the most discussed topics throughout the globe, in the age
of global warming and climate change worldwide.

• In this situation, some middle way is necessary to be found out, to encourage

the Green Construction.

Green buildings are characterised as those providing the required building

performance over the building life-cycle whilst minimising consumption of
non-renewable resources and the environmental loadings to land, air and
waters. However, the assessment of new buildings covers only performance
aspects from the initial planning stage through to building completion. Actual
performance during building use depends on what has been achieved in terms
of improved design and construction quality, as confirmed by final testing and
commissioning, the quality of management, operation and maintenance
practices, as well as the activities of building users.

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The aim of the project is to “Find out a simple and economical way of
constructing a Green Home which a common man from a middle class or an
upper middle class family can easily afford.”

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The motto of the project are:

i. To compare the cost of construction of a home as a Green Home & a

Conventional Home.

ii. To find out energy and water savings in a Green Home over the
Conventional home.

iii. To find out percentage increase while constructing a Green Home

instead of a Conventional Home.

iv. To find out the middle way to encourage the Green Construction

v. To find out the environmental benefits of using green buildings over

the conventional building

vi. To know the health and communities benefit of green building

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vii. To know about green building and materials in deep.

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The reasons why this project is important are listed below:

It is general belief that a Green Home will cost much more than a
Conventional Home, but some middle way is required to be found out by
analyzing the real situations & conditions in the market.

i. In these days, when everyone is talking about the Green construction,

there is need of a way by which a common can afford a Green Home
ii. The growth and development of our communities has a large impact
on our natural environment. The manufacturing, design, construction,
and operation of the buildings in which we live and work are
responsible for the consumption of many of our natural resources..
iii. Seeking to lower all environmental impacts and maximise social and
economic value over a building’s whole life-cycle: through design,
construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition.
The fragmented nature of the building industry value chain means we
have long looked at parts of the life-cycle in isolation, but Green
Building Councils are bringing the sector’s whole value chain
together through our members to build a wider vision.

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iv. Making the invisible visible. Embodied resources are the invisible
resources used in buildings: for example, the energy or water used to
produce and transport the materials in the building. Green building
considers these amongst a building’s impacts, ensuring that our
buildings are truly low impact

v. Minimising energy use in all stages of a building’s life-cycle, making

new and renovated buildings more comfortable, less expensive to run
and helping building users learn to be efficient too. • Integrating
renewable and low carbon technologies to supply buildings’ energy
needs, once design has maximised inbuilt and natural efficiencies.

vi. Recognising that our urban environment should preserve nature,

ensuring diverse wildlife and land quality are protected or enhanced,
for example by remediating and building on polluted land or creating
green spaces.

vii. Looking for ways we can make our urban areas more productive,
bringing agriculture into our cities.
viii. Adapting to a changing environment, ensuring resilience to events
such as flooding, earthquakes or fires so that our buildings stand the
test of time and keep people and their belongings safe.

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ix. Designing flexible and dynamic spaces, anticipating changes in their

use over time and avoiding the need to demolish and rebuild or
significantly renovate buildings to prevent them becoming obsolete.

x. Adapting to a changing environment, ensuring resilience to events

such as flooding, earthquakes or fires so that our buildings stand the
test of time and keep people and their belongings safe. • Designing
flexible and dynamic spaces, anticipating changes in their use over
time and avoiding the need to demolish and rebuild or significantly
renovate buildings to prevent them becoming obsolete.

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The Scope of the project is listed below:

i. This typical case selected in the project would be useful while

considering cases for residential sites.

ii. This project will be identical for the persons who are associated with
this type of work, to construct a Green Home rather constructing a
Conventional House, bearing some extra initial costs which will be
paid back in some years after starting the use.

iii. This will be beneficial for the people who are really conscious about
the environmental impact of the buildings and believe in energy
conservation.

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• Methodology:

The figure below represents the Methodology in Chart

format:

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• Definition:

“A green building is one which uses less water, optimises energy efficiency,
conserves natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier spaces for
occupants, as compared to a conventional building.”
The practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally
responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building’s life-cycle from siting to
design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction. This
practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of
economy, utility, durability, and comfort. Green building is also known as a
sustainable or ‘high performance’ building.

• Elements of Green Building:

There are 4 elements of Green Building. That shows the main points required
to be considered while designing any building.

• Smart Design

• Energy Efficiency

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• Eco Materials

• Water Conservation

Buildings can incorporate many green features, but if they do not use energy
efficiently, it is difficult to demonstrate that they are truly green. In fact, given
that the term “green building” can be somewhat vague, some people prefer to
use the term.

Overview of Green Buildings :

“High performance building.” A high-performance building is a building whose

energy efficiency and environmental performance is substantially better than
standard practice.7 Although green buildings, on average, use less energy than
conventional buildings, energy efficiency remains elusive. In fact, there is a
growing debate whether buildings that achieve some level of LEED
certification are more efficient in their use of energy than regular buildings.8
Fortunately, there are numerous ways to improve a building’s energy efficiency,
from insulating walls to installing automatic shutoff switches for lights. Energy
efficiency can be and often is mandated by local and state energy codes, which
require that new and substantially renovated buildings comply with increasingly
stringent energy efficiency requirements.9 It suffices to say that if a building is
not energy-efficient, it cannot be said to be green.

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Impacts of Conventional Buildings That Green Buildings Seek to Rectify :

The environmental impacts of buildings are enormous. Conventional buildings

use large amounts of energy, land, water, and raw materials for their
construction and operation. They are responsible for large greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions as well as emissions of other harmful air pollutants. They also
generate large amounts of construction and demolition (C&D) waste and have
serious impacts on plants and wildlife. An analysis of these issues demonstrates
the scope of the problem.

Land Use and Consumption:

Many millions of acres of land in this country have buildings constructed on

them. According to the National Resources Inventory, approximately 107
million acres of land in the United States are developed.33 Although buildings
themselves use large amounts of land, this is not the primary issue. Rather, it is
the poor siting of buildings that leads to large amounts of land (and other
resources) being consumed. For example, buildings that are not built in existing
residential or commercial areas require the construction of new roads, sewer
lines, utility poles, and other infrastructure to reach them, which can lead to,
among other things, habitat destruction. In addition, many buildings are not
reachable by public transportation and thus require the construction of parking
lots or garages. Most significantly, buildings that are built on the fringes of
existing urban or suburban areas often contribute to the problem of sprawl.

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Although sprawl can have many definitions, generally speaking, sprawl is the
spreading of a city or, more typically, its suburbs to previously undeveloped or
lightly developed areas. Between 1982 and 1997, approximately 25 million
acres (39,000 square miles) of rural land—which includes forest, rangeland,
pastures, cropland, and wetlands—were developed. From 1970 to 1990, the 100
largest urbanized areas in the United States expanded over an additional 14,545
square miles.

Construction Materials:

Building construction is a multibillion-dollar industry and requires the constant

production and harvesting of millions of tons of a variety of raw materials to
meet worldwide demand. By any measure, the amount of raw materials used in
buildings is mammoth. Worldwide, construction activities consume 3 billion
tons of raw materials each year, and it has been estimated that the construction
industry consumes half of all products produced by volume.35 In the United
States, buildings account for 40 percent of all raw materials used by volume.36
A crucial part of green buildings is the material that is used in their
construction. Although definitions vary, green building materials are generally
composed of renewable rather than nonrenewable resources and are
environmentally responsible because their impacts are considered over the life
of the product. In addition, green building materials generally result in reduced
maintenance and replacement costs over the life of the building, conserve
energy, and improve occupant health and productivity. Green building materials

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can be selected by evaluating characteristics such as reused and recycled

content, zero or low off-gassing of harmful air emissions, zero or low toxicity,
sustainably and rapidly renewable harvested materials, high recyclability,
durability, longevity, and local production.

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1] Shapath V,S.G. Highway Ahmedabad

• The major features of Shapath V, highlighted by SAVVY group are as under:

– Energy Efficient Building

– Multi Level Parking

– 11 feet Floor Height

– Central Air Conditioning with Chilled Water Supply

– Water Recycling

– 40% Water Efficiency

– Onsite Sewage Treatment plant

–Use of Eco-friendly, Recyclable, Recycled, Renewable

materials

– Double Glazed Windows

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• Remarks about Green Construction after this Research:

– Aerated Concrete blocks

– If Certified Wood or Recycled Wood

– HVAC criteria should be considered.

– Insulated DG Units

– LED lighting fixtures.

– Taps and flushes of minimum discharge and low pressure of water.

– PPC or OPC with flyash.

– Rain Water Harvesting System

– Onsite Sewage treatment Plant

– Fire resistant wires and PVC pipes

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Shapath V, being developed by the Rs 600-crore Savvy Infrastructures Ltd

on Ahmedabad’s SG Highway, will be the first green building in Gujarat.
The building, worth Rs 300 crore, will be ready by December next year on
20,000 sq yards land.
The building will be a mix of ownership and lease and will also house the
Intercontinental Crown Plaza hotel.

Shapath V will be a ‘gold-certified’ green building. The Indian Green

Building Council (IGBC) has 69 credits to assess buildings. If one has 48-59
credits without interiors or 45-55 credits with interiors, it will be certified a
gold building. The buildings under the green architecture plan are certified
under LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) with
Platinum, Gold and Silver ratings. This is a UK based certification. The
LEED ratings are given according to the amount of energy a building can
save. This encourages the developers to use energy efficient measures like
the rainwater harvesting, waste management etc. The green building also
controls the CO2 level produced in the building.

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Case Study Second

2] Solaris, Visat-Motera, Ahmedabad

• The major features of Solaris, highlighted by SAVVY group are as under:

– Low Energy Cost

– 75% Open Space

– Water Meter

– Water Recycling

– Percolation Wells

– Garbage Suits

• New things concluded after the Study, about the Green Construction are
listed below:

– Flyash Bricks

– In large area, the Sewage treatment Plant.

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– LED lighting fixtures.

– Taps and flushes of minimum discharge and low pressure of water.

– No wooden frames should be used, Aluminum frames are more preferable.

– Rain Water Harvesting

– Percolation wells

– Non VOC paints on the internal walls.

– PPC or OPC with flyash.

– The doors may be made from the eco-friendly materials.

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The Image As Follows - :

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• Garbage Suits may be provided to collect the all garbage at one place .

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BENEFITS

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The following is the list of the items in which the appropriate changes as per the
project criteria are made, in the desire of economic Green Home:

– Windows

– Lighting Fixtures

– Plumbing Fixtures

– Flooring

– Doors

– Paints

– Bricks

– Cement

– Installation of Rain Water Harvesting System (in addition, not to be

changed)

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A bungalow is selected as a site of our project.

• The detailed drawings are used for the estimation of the quantities.

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The table below shows the materials used in Conventional & Green Home
respectively for different items:

Sr. No. Item Conventional Green

Material Material

1 Windows and Aluminium Insulated

Openings Panelled Plain Glass (IG
Glasses Units)

2 Lighting Tube Lights & Low Watt

Fixtures CFLs LED Tube
Lights &
Bulbs

3 Plumbing Conventional Special

Fixtures Fixtures Green
Fixtures

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Continue :

Sr. No
Item Conventio nal Green

Material Material

6 Paints Plastic VOC Plastic

Non VOC

7 Bricks Clay Bricks Flyash

Bricks

8 Cement OPC PPC

9 Installation of Not Provided Provided

Rain Water

Harvesting

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System

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Green Materials

IG Units:

• Nearly 15-20% of all home energy is lost via windows and doors,
having energy efficient windows in your home should be a priority.

• For that, the best suitable option is to use Low-E glasses.

• The main aim of DG Glasses is to prevent heat on the side of glass

where it originates.

WindowEnergyPerformance:

There are three primary factors in a window's energy performance:

 frame construction
 glass
 spacer material that separates individual panes of glass
 through the glass (by radiation) across the spacer
material that separates the two glass layers at their edges and through the
frame of the window (by conduction)

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 Through the movement of air in the space between the glass (by
convection)
 Between the moveable or operable frame components (by air
leakage)

Rating Windows forPerformance :

The National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) was formed to

standardize the claim of energy efficiency by window manufacturers.

U-factor - for the entire window, distinct from a center-of-glass rating.

Solar heat gain coefficient - represents the amount of heat that is

transmitted through the glass. The lower the number, the less heat
transmittance.

Visible light transmittance - is the "sunglasses" effect. The lower the

number, the darker things will appear through the glass.

Air leakage - is rated in cubic feet of air passing through a square foot of
window area. The lower the number, the less air will pass through cracks in
the assembly. This may be left blank by manufacturers of lower-quality
windows.

Condensation resistance - measures the ability of the window to resist

condensation on the inside of the glass. The higher the number the better.

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Green Materials

LED Fixtures:

• In green buildings, the only type of the lighting fixtures used is LED
(Light Emitting Diode) Fixtures.

• This type of lighting fixtures are somewhat costly, approximately 4 times

higher prise than the normal ones.

• These are solid lights which are extremely energy-efficient.

• A significant feature of LEDs is that the light is directional, as

opposed to conventional bulbs which spread the light more
spherically.

• LED lighting contributes to energy savings and sustainability by improving

working conditions through deliberately directed light and lowering the energy
needed to power lighting fixtures. LED lighting also dramatically lowers costs,
an important asset for public building projects, by out-living previous solutions
and lasting for many years beyond traditional lighting fixtures. In public
building management, like any facility management or building upkeep, time is
money, and because changing LED fixtures happens far less often than usual

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traditional lighting, public building management will spend less time on the
ladder changing bulbs and more time devoted to other pressing needs.

The initial cost of an LED retrofit can frighten off the most dedicated user of
green technology, but luckily, this cost pays itself back within five years of
installation, if not sooner, for LED fixtures and bulbs can last for ten years, if
not more. This impressive ROI means that a little initial planning for a greater
initial cost results in future financial and sustainable benefits down the road.
LED lighting is a positive addition for any facility, including public buildings.

There are two major benefits for installing LED lighting in any building, and
particularly in a public building project. LED lighting produces measureable
financial benefits and notable physical benefits. By evaluating LED lighting by
its financial and physical impact, we see that the benefits are overwhelmingly
apparent

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Green Materials

Plumbing:

• In the Green Plumbing the Plumbing Fixtures discharge ranges from 5 l .p.m
to 15 l.p.m.

• Green Plumbing includes the Fixtures as below:

– Faucets discharge ranges between 5 l.p.m to 8 l.p.m.

– Showers discharge ranges between 10 l.p.m to

151 .p.m.

–Water Closet (W.C.) discharge ranges between 7 l .p.m to 12 l .p.m

The twin conservation issues of water and energy conservation are the heart of a
plumbing system in a green-built home.

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Heating water for domestic use accounts for as much as 30 percent of residential
energy consumption. Wasted water adds up to tens of gallon per day, thousands of
gallons per year.a If each home saved 20 gallon of water each day, in one year
7,300 gallons of water would be saved.

The potential for plumbing fixtures to save water is greater than ever. Changing
climate and weather patterns have made water a precious commodity and are an
incentive for efficient plumbing systems.

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Green Materials

PVC flooring:

• PVC vinyl flooring is a type of synthetic flooring.

• Floors such as wood and marble are made from natural materials, but PVC
vinyl flooring is made from a synthetic plastic called polyvinyl chloride.

• It is easy to install.

• PVC vinyl flooring is affordable, water resistant and very durable. Due to its
synthetic nature, PVC vinyl flooring is also more customizable than natural
flooring.

• To keep PVC vinyl flooring in optimal condition, regularly vacuum and polish
the floor. Never use any rough-surfaced cleaning tools on the floor, as they
often result in scratches.

There exists an even wider selection of flooring materials today than ever
before. The most common include wood, bamboo, tile, vinyl, linoleum, and
carpeting. When it comes to building green, not all of these materials are
equal. For instance, vinyl flooring, like other PVC products, is made of
petroleum, is not recyclable, and tends to off-gas harmful chemicals. Most

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carpeting is currently made from nylon, another petroleum-based product.

Neither vinyl nor nylon is biodegradable. Stone flooring is durable but
nonrenewable and requires a large amount of energy for extraction, transport,
and installation. In other cases, the material itself may be renewable, such as
bamboo or cork, but the products used to finish the floor may contain volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), a health hazard.

Despite the trade-offs presented by every flooring type, there are some general
guidelines that can help designers, owners, and builders make more sustainable
choices. For instance, no matter what type of floor is chosen, always avoid
sealants and adhesives with VOCs! See if flooring made from recycled
(especially post-consumer) materials could be appropriate or get creative and
use salvaged materials!

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Green Materials

Green Wood Or Engineering wood:

• Engineered wood products are made from a combination of wood fibres, strips,
and veneer sheets.

• Smaller diameter trees of the same hard and soft wood used to manufacture
lumber are also used.

• Engineered wood products are also called composite wood, and the materials
are bonded together using an adhesive resin which makes the finished product
resist warping.

• Some different products made from engineered wood include flooring, several
types of lumber, and particle board

Wood products from responsible sources are a good choice for most
green building projects – both new construction and renovations. Wood grows
naturally using energy from the sun, is renewable, sustainable and recyclable. It
is an effective insulator and uses far less energy to produce than concrete or
steel. Wood can also mitigate climate change because wood products continue
to store carbon absorbed by the tree during its growing cycle, and because
substituting wood for fossil fuel-intensive materials such as steel and concrete

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result in ‘avoided’ greenhouse gas emissions.Wood’s natural beauty and

warmth have been shown to generate improved productivity and performance in
schools, offices and better patient outcomes in hospitals.

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Green Materials

Green Paints:

• Paints with reduced levels of VOCs are more eco-friendly than conventional
paints, some house paints have an even lower environmental impact.

• Homeowners can select premium-grade zero-VOC paints that also use VOC-
free colorants, are free of vinyl and other plasticizers and include no toxic
biocides.

Painting a property green can refer to more than just its colour

Environmentally-friendly and recycled paints are readily available for

projects of any size, whether a home or office building. These paints are not
only better for the environment; savvy builders who use them can potentially
earn LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

How is recycle paint made :

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Municipal waste management sites collect any unwanted or leftover paints.

Water-based latex paints are then sorted from oil-based paints and transported to a
processing facility.

Here, workers inspect the paint to ensure it is still usable. They then take a range
of latex paints and bulk them with similar colours to derive a finite and consistent
number of final hues.

Due to the quantity of paint that is mixed together, the overall average gloss levels
and colours remain consistent from batch to batch. Once batched, the paint is
filtered and a small amount of biocide is added to rejuvenate it and extend its shelf
life. The paint is then packaged in pails for sale

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Green Materials
Bricks:

 Flyash Bricks are considered as the Green material of

construction.

 So in this case it is used in the Green Construction.

 Green building is one of the most important trends in the construction

industry today. When we build a house we cannot avoid impacting the
environment, but we can work towards reducing that environmental
impact.
 This incorporates a whole building design approach into every phase of
the building process including
 Land Development
 resourcing efficient building designs to enhance the well-being of the
occupants,
 improving construction techniques,
 increasing energy efficiency,
 water efficiency
 minimize the negative impacts on the community and natural environment

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Green Materials

Cement:

• If PPC (Portland Pozzolana Cement) is used in construction, it will be green

Material Because PPC contains the flyash as the main ingredients.

 Geopolymer concrete, or green concrete, is part of a movement to create

construction materials that have a reduced impact on the environment. It is
made from a combination of an inorganic polymer and between 25% and
100% industrial waste

 Green concrete gains strength faster and has a lower rate of shrinkage than
concrete made only from Portland Cement. Structures built using green
concrete have a better chance of surviving a fire, as it can withstand
temperatures of up to 2400°F . It also has a greater resistance to corrosion,
which is important with the effect pollution has had on the environment.
Acid rain greatly reduces the longevity of traditional building materials.

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 All of those factors add up to a building that will last much longer than one
made with ordinary concrete. Similar concrete mixtures have been found in
ancient Roman structures. This material was also used in the Ukraine in the
1950s and 1960s. Over 40 years later, those Ukrainian buildings are still
standing. If buildings aren't constantly having to be rebuilt, fewer
construction materials are needed. The impact on the environment is
reduced.

 If you use less Portland cement and more fly ash when mixing concrete, then
you will use less energy. The materials that are used in Portland cement
require huge amounts of coal or natural gas to heat. Fly ash already exists as
a byproduct of another industrial process, so you are not expending much
more energy to use it to create green concrete. Another way that green
concrete reduces energy consumption is that a building constructed from it is
more resistant to temperature changes, thus saving heating and cooling costs.

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Green Materials

Rain Water Harvesting:

• The principle of collecting and using precipitation from a catchments surface .

• There are two main techniques of rain water harvestings.

– Storage of rainwater on surface for future use.

– Recharge to ground water.

 The simplest rainwater collection system is a “rain barrel”. This is simply a

barrel (or some other tank-like receptacle) that is positioned under the
downspout from a building – usually a house – that collects water to be
dispensed as needed for watering the garden. A single barrel may be us ed, or
several may be connected together. Rain barrels may be purchased, but it is
quite easy for a home gardener to fashion one from almost any type of barrel
or tank.

In homes and larger buildings, rainwater may also be used for many purposes
for which pure drinking water is not required. Besides landscape maintenance

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and other outdoor uses such cleaning, these include flushing toilets, washing
laundry, and operating mechanical heating and cooling equipment that use
water. In these cases, a specialized plumbing system will be required to
collect and distribute the rainwater. A simple diagram is shown.

The collected rainwater is usually stored in a tank in the basement (or

underground) and then pumped to a higher level tank from which the water
can flow by gravity for use. The high-level tank may also be supplied with
fresh water, only used in case of long periods without rain.

Rainwater harvesting, even for drinking water, is as old as mankind, and

certainly not rare in the world today. In less developed regions of the world
without municipal water supply, rainwater collection may be the only source
of safe drinking water.

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Energy Consumptions

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• The savings in the energy will be 70% per year, which is near about ` 10,000
per year.

• The life of the LED fixtures will be more than 17 years (50000/8/365=17.12).
Same way the life of the tubelight is about 5 years (15000/8/365=5.14) and
that of the CFL is about 2 years (6000/8/365=2.05).

Green buildings often include measures to reduce energy consumption – both the
embodied energy required to extract, process, transport and install building
materials and operating energy to provide services such as heating and power for
equipment.

As high-performance buildings use less operating energy, embodied energy has

assumed much greater importance – and may make up as much as 30% of the
overall life cycle energy consumption. Studies such as the U.S. LCI Database
Project show buildings built primarily with wood will have a lower embodied
energy than those built primarily with brick, concrete, or steel.

To reduce operating energy use, designers use details that reduce air leakage
through the building envelope (the barrier between conditioned and unconditioned
space). They also specify high-performance windows and extra insulation in walls,
ceilings, and floors. Another strategy, passive solar building design, is often
implemented in low-energy homes. Designers orient windows and walls and place
awnings, porches, and trees to shade windows and roofs during the summer while

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maximizing solar gain in the winter. In addition, effective window placement

(daylighting) can provide more natural light and lessen the need for electric lighting
during the day. Solar water heating further reduces energy costs.

Onsite generation of renewable energy through solar power, wind power, hydro
power, or biomass can significantly reduce the environmental impact of the
building. Power generation is generally the most expensive feature to add to a
building.

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• Water fixtures use per day per person (6 persons):

– Basin : 4 Times a day

– Sink : 4 Times a day
– Wash Area : 4 Times a day
– Shower : 2 Times a day
– W.C. : 1 Times a day
– Urinals : 3 Times a day

• Total Water Saved = 74 liter/ day/ person

=74*6=444 liter/day

Reducing water consumption and protecting water quality are key objectives in
sustainable building. One critical issue of water consumption is that in many areas,
the demands on the supplying aquifer exceed its ability to replenish itself. To the
maximum extent feasible, facilities should increase their dependence on water that
is collected, used, purified, and reused on-site. The protection and conservation of
water throughout the life of a building may be accomplished by designing for dual
plumbing that recycles water in toilet flushing or by using water for washing of
the cars. Waste-water may be minimized by utilizing water conserving fixtures
such as ultra-low flush toilets and low-flow shower heads. Bidets help eliminate
the use of toilet paper, reducing sewer traffic and increasing possibilities of re-

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using water on-site. Point of use water treatment and heating improves both water
quality and energy efficiency while reducing the amount of water in circulation.
The use of non-sewage and greywater for on-site use such as site-irrigation will
minimize demands on the local aquifer.]

Large commercial buildings with water and energy efficiency can qualify for an
LEED Certification. Philadelphia's Comcast Center is the tallest building in
Philadelphia. It's also one of the tallest buildings in the USA that is LEED
Certified. Their environmental engineering consists of a hybrid central chilled
water system which cools floor-by-floor with steam instead of water. Burn's
Mechanical set-up the entire renovation of the 58 story, 1.4 million square foot sky
scraper. It's the pride of Philadelphia's eco-movement.

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Cost in
Cost in green
Sr.n Convention building
o. Name al Home home Diffrence

1 Windows and
1,30,800 2,07,350 76,550
Openings
2 Lighting
12,800 46,150 33,350
Fixtures
3 Plumbing
44,885 1,08,300 63,415
Fixtures

4 Flooring 2,28,540 2,84,295 55,755

5 Doors 69,830 1,62,510 92,680

6 Paints 1,56,380 1,58,880 2,500

7 Bricks 50,175 30,105 -20,070

8
Cement 9,66,000 9,83,250 17,250

9 Rain Water
Harvesting 0 80,700 80,700
System

Total (`) 16,59,410 20,61,540 4,02,103

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• The Chart below shows the Cost Comparison of each Item:

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1) If the Home is Constructed as a Green Home in this project, the total cost
increases by ` 4,02,130, in addition to the total construction cost of the
Conventional home which is found to be ` 31,07,415.

2) The percentage increase in total construction cost is

12.94% (say, 12 - 15%).

3) The saving in money, which is about `10,000, will be the clear saving after
the payback period of LED fixtures is completed.

4) Water saving is about 444 (say, 440) liter/day.

5) Payback period, considering savings only in the electricity bills, is

found to be 35 years.

6) So, on the bases of the above figures, it can be concluded that:

– “If the intention is to construct a new Home to live in, it is advisable to go

for a GREEN HOME rather than the ordinary conventional home.
Because, the percentage increase of 12.94% in the total cost is not a

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negligible amount when the intention is just to renovate or retrofit an

Old Home”

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