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TABLE OF CONTENT
• Objective 2
• Introduction 3
• Aim 5
• Motto 6
• Need Of The Project 7
• Scope Of The Project 10
• Methodology 11
• Definition 12
• Elements Of Green Building 12
• Case Study On Green Buildings 17
• Benefits Of Green Building 23
• Implementation From Case Study 24
• Estimate Of Material Quantities 25
• Materials Replaced In Green Buildings 26
• Green Materials (Plumbing, Green Paints etc.) 28
• Conventional & Green Building Plan 47
• Material 49
• Energy Consumptions 50
• Energy Savings 51
• Water Savings 55
• Cost Analysis & Comparison 58
• Cost Analysis Of Present Rates 59
• Conclusion 60
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Introduction
Economy is the major factor in any type of construction work, especially for
residential houses and more specifically when they are situated in the megacity
in a Developing country like India.
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The aim of the project is to “Find out a simple and economical way of
constructing a Green Home which a common man from a middle class or an
upper middle class family can easily afford.”
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ii. To find out energy and water savings in a Green Home over the
Conventional home.
iv. To find out the middle way to encourage the Green Construction
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It is general belief that a Green Home will cost much more than a
Conventional Home, but some middle way is required to be found out by
analyzing the real situations & conditions in the market.
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iv. Making the invisible visible. Embodied resources are the invisible
resources used in buildings: for example, the energy or water used to
produce and transport the materials in the building. Green building
considers these amongst a building’s impacts, ensuring that our
buildings are truly low impact
vii. Looking for ways we can make our urban areas more productive,
bringing agriculture into our cities.
viii. Adapting to a changing environment, ensuring resilience to events
such as flooding, earthquakes or fires so that our buildings stand the
test of time and keep people and their belongings safe.
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ii. This project will be identical for the persons who are associated with
this type of work, to construct a Green Home rather constructing a
Conventional House, bearing some extra initial costs which will be
paid back in some years after starting the use.
iii. This will be beneficial for the people who are really conscious about
the environmental impact of the buildings and believe in energy
conservation.
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• Methodology:
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• Definition:
“A green building is one which uses less water, optimises energy efficiency,
conserves natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier spaces for
occupants, as compared to a conventional building.”
The practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally
responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building’s life-cycle from siting to
design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction. This
practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of
economy, utility, durability, and comfort. Green building is also known as a
sustainable or ‘high performance’ building.
There are 4 elements of Green Building. That shows the main points required
to be considered while designing any building.
• Smart Design
• Energy Efficiency
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• Eco Materials
• Water Conservation
Buildings can incorporate many green features, but if they do not use energy
efficiently, it is difficult to demonstrate that they are truly green. In fact, given
that the term “green building” can be somewhat vague, some people prefer to
use the term.
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Although sprawl can have many definitions, generally speaking, sprawl is the
spreading of a city or, more typically, its suburbs to previously undeveloped or
lightly developed areas. Between 1982 and 1997, approximately 25 million
acres (39,000 square miles) of rural land—which includes forest, rangeland,
pastures, cropland, and wetlands—were developed. From 1970 to 1990, the 100
largest urbanized areas in the United States expanded over an additional 14,545
square miles.
Construction Materials:
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– Water Recycling
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– Insulated DG Units
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– Water Meter
– Water Recycling
– Percolation Wells
– Garbage Suits
• New things concluded after the Study, about the Green Construction are
listed below:
– Flyash Bricks
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– Percolation wells
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• Garbage Suits may be provided to collect the all garbage at one place .
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BENEFITS
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The following is the list of the items in which the appropriate changes as per the
project criteria are made, in the desire of economic Green Home:
– Windows
– Lighting Fixtures
– Plumbing Fixtures
– Flooring
– Doors
– Paints
– Bricks
– Cement
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• The detailed drawings are used for the estimation of the quantities.
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The table below shows the materials used in Conventional & Green Home
respectively for different items:
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Continue :
Sr. No
Item Conventio nal Green
Material Material
Non VOC
Bricks
Rain Water
Harvesting
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System
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Green Materials
IG Units:
• Nearly 15-20% of all home energy is lost via windows and doors,
having energy efficient windows in your home should be a priority.
WindowEnergyPerformance:
frame construction
glass
spacer material that separates individual panes of glass
through the glass (by radiation) across the spacer
material that separates the two glass layers at their edges and through the
frame of the window (by conduction)
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Through the movement of air in the space between the glass (by
convection)
Between the moveable or operable frame components (by air
leakage)
Air leakage - is rated in cubic feet of air passing through a square foot of
window area. The lower the number, the less air will pass through cracks in
the assembly. This may be left blank by manufacturers of lower-quality
windows.
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Green Materials
LED Fixtures:
• In green buildings, the only type of the lighting fixtures used is LED
(Light Emitting Diode) Fixtures.
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traditional lighting, public building management will spend less time on the
ladder changing bulbs and more time devoted to other pressing needs.
The initial cost of an LED retrofit can frighten off the most dedicated user of
green technology, but luckily, this cost pays itself back within five years of
installation, if not sooner, for LED fixtures and bulbs can last for ten years, if
not more. This impressive ROI means that a little initial planning for a greater
initial cost results in future financial and sustainable benefits down the road.
LED lighting is a positive addition for any facility, including public buildings.
There are two major benefits for installing LED lighting in any building, and
particularly in a public building project. LED lighting produces measureable
financial benefits and notable physical benefits. By evaluating LED lighting by
its financial and physical impact, we see that the benefits are overwhelmingly
apparent
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Green Materials
Plumbing:
• In the Green Plumbing the Plumbing Fixtures discharge ranges from 5 l .p.m
to 15 l.p.m.
151 .p.m.
The twin conservation issues of water and energy conservation are the heart of a
plumbing system in a green-built home.
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Heating water for domestic use accounts for as much as 30 percent of residential
energy consumption. Wasted water adds up to tens of gallon per day, thousands of
gallons per year.a If each home saved 20 gallon of water each day, in one year
7,300 gallons of water would be saved.
The potential for plumbing fixtures to save water is greater than ever. Changing
climate and weather patterns have made water a precious commodity and are an
incentive for efficient plumbing systems.
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Green Materials
PVC flooring:
• Floors such as wood and marble are made from natural materials, but PVC
vinyl flooring is made from a synthetic plastic called polyvinyl chloride.
• It is easy to install.
• PVC vinyl flooring is affordable, water resistant and very durable. Due to its
synthetic nature, PVC vinyl flooring is also more customizable than natural
flooring.
• To keep PVC vinyl flooring in optimal condition, regularly vacuum and polish
the floor. Never use any rough-surfaced cleaning tools on the floor, as they
often result in scratches.
There exists an even wider selection of flooring materials today than ever
before. The most common include wood, bamboo, tile, vinyl, linoleum, and
carpeting. When it comes to building green, not all of these materials are
equal. For instance, vinyl flooring, like other PVC products, is made of
petroleum, is not recyclable, and tends to off-gas harmful chemicals. Most
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Despite the trade-offs presented by every flooring type, there are some general
guidelines that can help designers, owners, and builders make more sustainable
choices. For instance, no matter what type of floor is chosen, always avoid
sealants and adhesives with VOCs! See if flooring made from recycled
(especially post-consumer) materials could be appropriate or get creative and
use salvaged materials!
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Green Materials
• Engineered wood products are made from a combination of wood fibres, strips,
and veneer sheets.
• Smaller diameter trees of the same hard and soft wood used to manufacture
lumber are also used.
• Engineered wood products are also called composite wood, and the materials
are bonded together using an adhesive resin which makes the finished product
resist warping.
• Some different products made from engineered wood include flooring, several
types of lumber, and particle board
Wood products from responsible sources are a good choice for most
green building projects – both new construction and renovations. Wood grows
naturally using energy from the sun, is renewable, sustainable and recyclable. It
is an effective insulator and uses far less energy to produce than concrete or
steel. Wood can also mitigate climate change because wood products continue
to store carbon absorbed by the tree during its growing cycle, and because
substituting wood for fossil fuel-intensive materials such as steel and concrete
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Green Materials
Green Paints:
• Paints with reduced levels of VOCs are more eco-friendly than conventional
paints, some house paints have an even lower environmental impact.
• Homeowners can select premium-grade zero-VOC paints that also use VOC-
free colorants, are free of vinyl and other plasticizers and include no toxic
biocides.
Painting a property green can refer to more than just its colour
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Here, workers inspect the paint to ensure it is still usable. They then take a range
of latex paints and bulk them with similar colours to derive a finite and consistent
number of final hues.
Due to the quantity of paint that is mixed together, the overall average gloss levels
and colours remain consistent from batch to batch. Once batched, the paint is
filtered and a small amount of biocide is added to rejuvenate it and extend its shelf
life. The paint is then packaged in pails for sale
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Green Materials
Bricks:
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Green Materials
Cement:
Green concrete gains strength faster and has a lower rate of shrinkage than
concrete made only from Portland Cement. Structures built using green
concrete have a better chance of surviving a fire, as it can withstand
temperatures of up to 2400°F . It also has a greater resistance to corrosion,
which is important with the effect pollution has had on the environment.
Acid rain greatly reduces the longevity of traditional building materials.
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All of those factors add up to a building that will last much longer than one
made with ordinary concrete. Similar concrete mixtures have been found in
ancient Roman structures. This material was also used in the Ukraine in the
1950s and 1960s. Over 40 years later, those Ukrainian buildings are still
standing. If buildings aren't constantly having to be rebuilt, fewer
construction materials are needed. The impact on the environment is
reduced.
If you use less Portland cement and more fly ash when mixing concrete, then
you will use less energy. The materials that are used in Portland cement
require huge amounts of coal or natural gas to heat. Fly ash already exists as
a byproduct of another industrial process, so you are not expending much
more energy to use it to create green concrete. Another way that green
concrete reduces energy consumption is that a building constructed from it is
more resistant to temperature changes, thus saving heating and cooling costs.
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Green Materials
In homes and larger buildings, rainwater may also be used for many purposes
for which pure drinking water is not required. Besides landscape maintenance
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and other outdoor uses such cleaning, these include flushing toilets, washing
laundry, and operating mechanical heating and cooling equipment that use
water. In these cases, a specialized plumbing system will be required to
collect and distribute the rainwater. A simple diagram is shown.
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Energy Consumptions
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• The savings in the energy will be 70% per year, which is near about ` 10,000
per year.
• The life of the LED fixtures will be more than 17 years (50000/8/365=17.12).
Same way the life of the tubelight is about 5 years (15000/8/365=5.14) and
that of the CFL is about 2 years (6000/8/365=2.05).
Green buildings often include measures to reduce energy consumption – both the
embodied energy required to extract, process, transport and install building
materials and operating energy to provide services such as heating and power for
equipment.
To reduce operating energy use, designers use details that reduce air leakage
through the building envelope (the barrier between conditioned and unconditioned
space). They also specify high-performance windows and extra insulation in walls,
ceilings, and floors. Another strategy, passive solar building design, is often
implemented in low-energy homes. Designers orient windows and walls and place
awnings, porches, and trees to shade windows and roofs during the summer while
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Onsite generation of renewable energy through solar power, wind power, hydro
power, or biomass can significantly reduce the environmental impact of the
building. Power generation is generally the most expensive feature to add to a
building.
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=74*6=444 liter/day
Reducing water consumption and protecting water quality are key objectives in
sustainable building. One critical issue of water consumption is that in many areas,
the demands on the supplying aquifer exceed its ability to replenish itself. To the
maximum extent feasible, facilities should increase their dependence on water that
is collected, used, purified, and reused on-site. The protection and conservation of
water throughout the life of a building may be accomplished by designing for dual
plumbing that recycles water in toilet flushing or by using water for washing of
the cars. Waste-water may be minimized by utilizing water conserving fixtures
such as ultra-low flush toilets and low-flow shower heads. Bidets help eliminate
the use of toilet paper, reducing sewer traffic and increasing possibilities of re-
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using water on-site. Point of use water treatment and heating improves both water
quality and energy efficiency while reducing the amount of water in circulation.
The use of non-sewage and greywater for on-site use such as site-irrigation will
minimize demands on the local aquifer.]
Large commercial buildings with water and energy efficiency can qualify for an
LEED Certification. Philadelphia's Comcast Center is the tallest building in
Philadelphia. It's also one of the tallest buildings in the USA that is LEED
Certified. Their environmental engineering consists of a hybrid central chilled
water system which cools floor-by-floor with steam instead of water. Burn's
Mechanical set-up the entire renovation of the 58 story, 1.4 million square foot sky
scraper. It's the pride of Philadelphia's eco-movement.
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Cost in
Cost in green
Sr.n Convention building
o. Name al Home home Diffrence
1 Windows and
1,30,800 2,07,350 76,550
Openings
2 Lighting
12,800 46,150 33,350
Fixtures
3 Plumbing
44,885 1,08,300 63,415
Fixtures
8
Cement 9,66,000 9,83,250 17,250
9 Rain Water
Harvesting 0 80,700 80,700
System
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1) If the Home is Constructed as a Green Home in this project, the total cost
increases by ` 4,02,130, in addition to the total construction cost of the
Conventional home which is found to be ` 31,07,415.
3) The saving in money, which is about `10,000, will be the clear saving after
the payback period of LED fixtures is completed.
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