Detailed Lesson Plan

In Science Grade V
Knessa Marie C. Orbesido January 27, 2020
BEED Date of Demonstration
Jasper Ocampo 8:00-9:00 am
Critic Teacher Time of Demonstration

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson the student will be able to:
a. Describe how rock turn into soil
b. Investigate extent of soil erosion in the community
c. Communicate the data collected from the investigation on soil erosion
d. To understand the effects of erosion in shaping our earths surface

II. Subject Matter

Topic/Lesson: Processes that Shape of Earth’s surface: Weathering and Soil Erosion
1. Science Journey 5, Ryan Bautista, Alvin L. Banlaygas, Carmencita S. Bugayan, Liamie B.
Raposa. Copyright 2016 pp 297-301
2. Science in Our World Norma M. Abracia, Edd. D., Evelyn T. Sarte , Ed. D, Ednaliza R.
Garcia, Mary Jean G. dela Cruz, Harold A. Arrazada, Rosemarie S. Punsalan
Ritche Aldwin dc. Tomelde, Eliza A. Lopez.Copyright 2014 pp 200-222
3. https://www.britannica.com/science/erosion-geology
4. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-geology/chapter/outcome-weathering-
and-erosion/
5. https://www.generationgenius.com/weathering-erosion-and-deposition-for-kids/

Materials:
Picture (presented via projector), Video clip
III. Procedure

Teachers Activity Students Activity

A. Preliminaries Students Activity

1. Prayer and Greetings.

Okay class, please stand for a prayer.

Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your

name. Your kingdom come, your will be
done, on earth as it is in heaven. Give us
this day our daily bread, and forgive us
our debts, as we also have forgiven our
debtors. And lead us not into temptation,
but deliver us from evil. Amen.
Our Father in heaven, hallowed be
your name. Your kingdom come,
your will be done, on earth as it is
in heaven. Give us this day our daily
bread, and forgive us our debts, as
we also have forgiven our debtors.
And lead us not into temptation,
but deliver us from evil. Amen.
 Good morning Class Good morning Teacher Knessa.

2. Attendance
May I please ask someone from each
group to give me the names of those
students that were absent?

Thank you.

B. New Lesson
1. Motivation
I have here a picture of the Yes Teacher Knessa, and I have
Kapurpurawan Rock Formation in Burgos, been with other places.
Ilocos Norte. Have you been there? What
other beautiful places in the Philippines
have you been to?

Class what do you see while you were in There are different rock formations
an island beach resort? that we can see.

Yes, you noticed as well. Now, what do Because of the waves that is hitting
you think why are those rock has the rock.
different forms?

You got an idea.

2. Presentation

Class our lesson for today is all about the:

Processes that Shape of Earth’s surface:
Weathering and Soil Erosion

2.1 Spring board

Now, I have here a video clip entitled:

Weathering. I want you to pay attention
as you watch the video. Understood? Yes Teacher Knessa.

Based on the video what are factors that The factors that causes weathering
cause weathering? are water, ice, wind, plants, heating
and cooling

Do you agree that human activities affect Yes Teacher Knessa ,because
also affects weathering? humans are also doing mining and
they dig the soil to build
Very good! infrastructure.
Alright, today I am going to present to
you not only factors that affects
weathering, but also learning what are
different forms of weathering and their
components.

Okay class I have here a sample picture of Teacher Knessa I can see that the
a rock. What can you observe? rock breaks into pieces.

Now, weathering is a process where a

rock breaks down into smaller pieces into
the earth’s surface. Weathering may be
physical or chemical.

Physical weathering, also called

mechanical weathering breaks down
rocks without changing their chemical
composition. Physical weathering
involves the breakdown of rocks and
soils through direct contact with
atmospheric conditions, such as heat,
water, ice and pressure. Mechanical
or physical weathering breaks rock
into smaller pieces. These smaller
pieces are just like the bigger rock,
just smaller. That means that the rock
has change physically without
changing its composition. The smaller
pieces have the same minerals, in just
the same portions as the original
rock. During the day, the other layer
of a rock is hot while the center is
cold. So the other layer of the rock
expands slightly. At night, when the
temperature drops the outer layer
cools faster than its center and
contracts slightly. After sometime,
the outer layer of the rock cracks and
breaks off.

In very cold areas, weathering

involves water. When water in the
cracks of the rocks freezes, it
expands. This expansion widens the
cracks. After sometime, the rocks are
broken down into pieces this process
 is known as ice wedging.

Ice wedging is common in mountain areas

where the temperature is around the
freezing point of water. Ice wedging
breaks apart so much rock that large piles
of broken rock are seen at the base of a
hillside. Ice wedging is common in Earth’s
polar regions and mid altitudes and also
at higher elevations

Roots grow into cracks where water and

nutrients might be. As the roots grow,
they wedge the rocks apart. Plants and
animals can do the work of mechanical
weathering This could happen slowly as a
plant’s roots grow into a crack or fracture
in rock and gradually grow larger,
wedging open the crack. Burrowing
animals can also break apart rock as they
dig for food or to make living spaces for
themselves.

Chemical weathering involves chemical

reactions. Remember that the most
common minerals in Earth’s crust are the
silicate minerals. Many silicate minerals
form in igneous or metamorphic rocks.
The minerals that form at the highest
temperatures and pressures are the least
stable at the surface. There are many
types of chemical weathering because
there are many agents of chemical
weathering. Water is the most important
agent of chemical weathering. Two other
important agents of chemical weathering
are carbon dioxide and oxygen.

Rain is naturally slightly acidic as carbon

dioxide dissolves in it. Some rocks such as
limestone have minerals in them that
react with the acidic rain water. The
chemical reactions makes the rock
weathered. Chemical weathering is
different from mechanical weathering
because the rocks Changes, not just in
size of pieces, but in composition. That is
one type of mineral changes into a
different mineral. Chemical weathering
works through chemical reactions that
cause the change in the minerals

When the fossil fuel as coal and gasoline

are burnt more acidic gases are released
into the air. This makes rainwater more
acidic. This is known as acid rain. Acid rain
speeds up the chemical weathering.
Building and stonework are damaged as a
result.

During weathering, large rocks are broken

down into smaller and movable pieces.
Then, they are broken down further
through erosion.

Erosion is the process of weathering

down and removal of rocks and soil
materials by natural agents, such as
running water, waves, glaciers, and wind.
It is also a process wherein the removals
of surface material from the earths crust
primarily soil and rock debris and the
transportation of the eroded materials by
natural agents such as water or wind.
Erosion will often occur after a rock has
been disintegrated or altered through
weathering. Weathered rock material will
be removed from its original sites and
transported away by natural agents
There are many factors that are affecting
soil erosion. The agents of soil erosion are
the same as the agents of all types of
erosion: water, wind, ice, or gravity and
waves. How does Gravity cause Erosion?
Erosion that happens as gravity moves
materials down slope. Examples are rock
slide, mudslide and land slide.

Glacier is a large mass of ice and snow

moving on land under its own weight. As
glaciers pass over land, they erode it,
changing features on the surface then
carry eroded material along and deposit it
somewhere else.
There are 2 types of glaciers: Continental
and Valley Glaciers
Continental Glacier is a glacier that covers
much of a continent or large island. These
glaciers can flow out in all directions,
spreading out like pancake batter in a pan

Valley Glacier is a long, narrow glacier

that forms when snow and ice build up
high in a mountain valley. The sides of the
mountains keep these glaciers from
spreading out in all directions
The two process by which glaciers erode
the land are plucking and abrasion
As a glacier flows over the land, it picks
up rocks in a process called plucking,
abrasion occurs as it scratches the
bedrock

Wind by itself is the weakest agent of

erosion, however, it can be a powerful
force in shaping the land areas where
there are few plants to hold the soil in
place

Abrasion by wind-carried sand can polish

rock, but causes little erosion
What are some landforms created by
wind erosion?
Sand dunes are mounds of sediment
drifted by the wind.
Loess are fine, wind blown sediment like
silt and clay which help to form fertile soil
and create valuable farmlands.

Running water is the leading cause of soil

erosion, because water is abundant and
has a lot of power. Through erosion, a
river creates valleys, water falls, flood
plains, and other landforms
Through erosion, a river creates valleys,
water falls, flood plains, and other
landforms. Deposition of sediments
creates landforms such as deltas and also
adds soil to a river’s flood plain. A delta is
sediment that are deposited where a
river flows into an ocean or lake building
up a landform

How do waves contribute to Erosion?

The energy in waves comes from wind
that blows across the water’s surface.
Waves shape the coast through erosion
by breaking down rock and transporting
sand and other sediment. Waves shape a
coast when they deposit sediment,
forming coastal features such as beaches

Here are some examples on how we can

lessen our soil erosion

Plant trees to prevent landslides.

Tree roots are powerful tools when soil is
too eroded or steep to plant. Plant native
trees on steep slopes and riverbanks to
reduce soil loss
Keep in mind that older trees will be
more effective at preventing landslides
than new saplings. It may take some time
before your tree develops roots that are
strong enough.

Reduce tillage.
Deep, frequent tillage creates a layer of
compact soil vulnerable to water erosion,
topped by loose soil easily removed by
wind.[
Consider a zero-tillage approach using a
coulter or other deep planting device
hese conservation tillage techniques also
reduce the amount of vehicle traffic, and
therefore soil compaction.

Avoid soil compaction.

When people, animals, or machines
travel over soil, they press it down,
compacting the soil into a dense layer.
Since there is less space between dirt
particles in compacted soil, water has a
hard time draining through, and carries
soil on the surface downhill instead. Walk
on paving stones or cleared paths instead
of trampling the soil, especially when it is
wet.

Build retaining walls.

Badly eroded slopes will continue to
 collapse downhill until they are stabilized.
A retaining wall at the base of the slope
will block the soil and slow down the
collapse. This gives grass or other plants
time to grow and help the soil hold
together.

Reduce watering if possible.

Over-watering your garden can speed up
erosion by washing away soil. Use less
water if you can, or install a drip irrigation
system. Since a drip system only delivers
small amounts of water at a time, there is
no water flooding across the surface to
carry topsoil.

3. Discussion

Now, let me see if you got my

presentation.

a. What are the two types of Teacher, the two types of

weathering? weathering are physical and
chemical weathering.
Yes, you are right! According to the book
weathering may be physical or chemical.

b. What is mechanical weathering? Teacher mechanical weathering

breaks a rock into smaller pieces
Yes, you are right mechanical or without changing their
physical weathering breaks rock into composition.
smaller pieces. These smaller pieces
are just like the bigger rock, just
smaller. That means that the rock has
change physically without changing
its composition. The smaller pieces
have the same minerals, in just the
same portions as the original rock.

c. What is chemical weathering? Teacher chemical weathering

involves chemical reaction that
Very good, chemical weathering is make the rock weathered
different from mechanical weathering
because the rocks Changes, not just
in size of pieces, but in composition.
That is one type of mineral changes
 into a different mineral. Chemical
weathering works through chemical
reactions that cause the change in
the minerals.

d. What do call when the rock is Teacher the rock breaking apart in
breaking apart in areas with cold area is called ice wedging
temperature that freezing in the day
and night

Yes, you are correct, ice wedging

breaks apart so much rock that large
piles of broken rock are seen at the
base of a hillside. Ice wedging is
common in Earth’s polar regions and
mid altitudes and also at higher
elevations.
Teacher the process of removal of
e. What is the process of removal of surface material from the earth’s
surface material from the earth’s crust called erosion
crust?

Yes you are correct. Erosion process

wherein the removals of surface
material from the earths crust
primarily soil and rock debris and the
transportation of the eroded
materials by natural agents such as
water or wind. Erosion will often
occur after a rock has been
disintegrated or altered through
weathering

f. As student can you contribute to Teacher that things that I can

avoid soil erosion? contribute to avoid soil erosion is
by helping in planting trees.
You are correct you can help in planting
trees because trees can hold the soil from
being eroded.

4. Enrichment

Class I have here some pictures that

shows the different activities that causes Activities that do not cause erosion.
erosion. Identify the pictures that are
showing activities that is NOT causing soil
erosion and identify the activities that
causes erosion.

Activities that cause erosion.

Now, I am going to pick up six students

who will go to the board identify each
picture.

Very good!
5. Application
On a clean sheet of paper I want you to
write on a clean sheet of paper I want to
answer this question.
The picture shows a large rock breaking
apart. Which of these is MOST likely
making the rock break apart? Explain
your answer.

Okay for those who are finish kindly raise

your hand.

Are you ready to give your answer?

Yes Teacher Knessa.

Okay class kindly read that have you

Teacher the rock is breaking apart
written on your paper.
because of the roots of the trees
breaks down the rock where they
get where water and nutrients.
Very good. As the roots grow, they
wedge the rocks apart. In order to get
water and nutrients to sustain their
 growth.

6. Valuing

What is the positive effect of soil erosion? Teacher the positive effect of soil
erosion is allow new soil to be
Very good however class that too much scattered on a dead soil.
soil erosion can also cause the soil to
erode and strip the land that can make
bad land for farming

Have you ever watch news about Yes Teacher Knessa.

landslide?

And the worst part of it was many houses

were destroyed.

7. Evaluation
Okay class, please get a ½ sheet of pad
paper and answer the following activity.

A. Multiple choices.
1. The breaking down of rocks into B. Erosion
smaller particles
such as sand and pebbles is:

A. weathering
B. erosion
C. done only by animals C. Chemical weathering

2. Weathering of rocks which does

involve the action of chemicals is:

A. erosion
B. physical weathering
C. chemical weathering

3. Water can break down rocks A. water carries strong acids that
because: erode rocks

A. water carries strong acids that erode

rocks
B. water takes up less space when it
freezes and rocks collapse inward
C. water expands when it freezes in
cracks in rocks
 3. What is formed when gases such as B. acid rain
carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and
nitrogen oxides mix with rain?

A. erosion
B. acid rain
C. lichens

4. City council regulations ban the planting A. tree roots can damage and break
of certain trees near buildings because: down concrete

A. tree roots can damage and break down

concrete
B. the tree sap is poisonous to humans
C. trees create shade and the
temperature extremes can break
concrete

B. Identification
Answer the following question and
get the answer
inside the box.

Deep freeze Ice Wedging

Physical weathering Weathering

Erosion Glacier

1. It is the movement of of rock particles by Erosion

wind, ice, and gravity.
2. The process that breaks down rocks and Weathering
other substances down.
3. It is an enormous mass of ice moving over the Glacier
land.
4. It is the breaking up of rocks when the water Ice Wedging
in the cracks freezes and thaws.
5. It involves the breakdown of rocks and soils Physical weathering
through direct contact with atmospheric
conditions, such as heat, water, ice and
pressure.

Are you done class?

8. Agreement Yes, Teacher Knessa.

Okay next meeting we are going to have
an activity about and soil erosion. I want Goodbye and thank you Teacher
you to bring the following: rocks, Knessa.
hammer, old newspaper, breaker and
vinegar

That’s all for today class.

Good bye.