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Molecular Genetics
Introduced the idea of genetics e) Hereditary material can pass from one
bacterial cell to another
Talks about probability: phenotype, genotype
b) Involves the use of a virus T2 that a) Erwin Ghargaff analyzed the proportion
of the nitrogenous bases in the DNA of
various species.
b) People’s number of nitrogenous bases:
31% adenine, 31% thymine, 19%
cytosine, 19% guanine
i. DNA contains A,T,G, and C in
proportions that vary from species
to species.
ii. A=T, G=C
7. Rosalind Franklin’s X-ray Diffraction v. Adenine pairs with thymine using
two hydrogen bonds, while guanine
a) Studied the structure of the DNA using
pairs with cytosine using three
the technique oknown as x-ray,
hydrogen bonds (base
crystallography.
complementarity)
i. Types of DNA
vi. 10 bases every turn
1. Type A: dry form
vii. 34 angstrom in every turn
2. Type B: wet form
viii. Double-helix diameter is 20
b) Phosphate units in a DNA are located in angstrom
the external part of the molecule.
ix. DNA follows a semi-conservative
c) Photo 51, an x-ray diffraction mode of replication
photograph of DNA
9. RNA and DNA
8. The Watson-Crick DNA Model: A double Helix
DNA RNA
a) “Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acid”:
Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose (C5H10O5)
described the DNA as a double helix
(C5H10O4)
b) Amalgamations of numerous findings
Strand Double Stranded Single-stranded
from various scientists. (Rosalind
Franklin, Raymond Gosling) Nitrogen Adenine Adenine
-ous
c) The pairing of the DNA bases, where Thymine Uracil
bases
adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine
pairs with guanine, were based of Cytosine Cytosine
Chargaff experiments. Guanine Guanine
d) 2 strands that make up a DNA molecule Location Mostly in the Moslty in the
are wound around each other, forming nucleus but may cytoplasm but
a double spiral molecule. also be found in may also be
e) The backbone of the helix has cytoplasm and found in the
alternating sugars and phosphates, and mitochondria nucleus.
the ladder are made up of nitrogenous functions Blueprint of Assists in
base pairs. biologcal carrying out
f) Key features of DNA: guidelines that DNA’s blueprint
living organisms guidelines
i. Helix turns clockwise must follow to
ii. The backbones of the helix are in exist and
opposing directions function