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IETA: The State of the CDM 2010 2

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IETA: The State of the CDM 2010 3

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IETA: The State of the CDM 2010 4

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IETA: The State of the CDM 2010 6

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IETA: The State of the CDM 2010 7

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IETA: The State of the CDM 2010 12

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IETA: The State of the CDM 2010 16

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IETA: The State of the CDM 2010 17

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IETA: The State of the CDM 2010 18

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