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IS Semester 3
MI0024 – Software Engineering
1. Quality and reliability are related concepts but are fundamentally different in a
number of ways. Discuss them.
Software Reliability
The need for quality is there in the minds of everybody associated with the software project. One of
the key issues pertaining to the quality aspect is the reliability of the software product. There are
number of methods to ensure reliability of the product which depends upon the characteristics of the
product and its features and the expectations from the product and its services. One of the task
before the software engineer or the software manager is to establish the relevant reliability measures
well in advance before the implementation so that the quality is assured. A series of audits may be
conducted to keep a tab on the deviations if they tend to occur.
Statistically the software reliability may be defined as the probability of an operation of a computer
program which is free from error or has not failed during the operation time, tested under a
specified environment and for specified time. Failure refers to nonconformance to the requirements
of the software stated. One of the simple measures of reliability is the express it as the meantime
between failure (MBF) which is the sum of mean time of occurrence of failure (MTF) and mean
time towards repair (MTR). It is necessary to identify and assess the hazards in software projects
that affect the software performance. If it is possible to identify the hazards in the early stages of the
software project then a module to counteract such hazards could be developed or built in to the
software which will then be able to rectify errors leading to hazards. Suitable models could be used
to achieve this safety.
Quality
Designers specify the characteristics of the quality of a product. The grade of materials used in the
product development and product characteristics, permissible tolerances, and performance
specifications contribute to the quality of design. For higher-grade of materials the tolerances are
very small. When the tolerance is set to a very low level the expected design characteristics would
be of high quality. When greater levels of performance are specified, there is an increase in the
design quality of a product and the manufacturing processes and the product specification are set
according to the specified quality norms.
Quality of conformance is expressed as the degree to which the design specifications are followed
during the process of manufacturing. If the degree of conformance is high then the level of quality
of conformance is also deemed as high.
Quality of conformance is mainly focused on the implementation of the software.
2. Explain the Advantages of Prototype Model, & Spiral Model in Contrast to Water Fall
model.