E3001 Engineering Electromagnetics: Tutorial 7

1. Determine the polarization state (Linear, Circular or elliptical) and time-average

Poynting vector for each of the following plane wave.
 
(i) E1 ( z , t ) ax10cos (ωt − kz − 120° ) + a y 10sin (ωt − kz + 150° ) V/m
=

 
(ii) E 2 ( z , t ) ax10cos (ωt + kz − 120° ) + a y 10cos (ωt + kz − 30° ) V/m
=

  
(iii) E3 ( z=
) (30∠20°ax + 40∠ − 70°a y )e− jkz V/m

Assume Free Space.

   
[Ans: Linear, S1 = + az 0.266 W/m 2 , Circular, S 2 = − az 0.266 W/m 2 , Elliptical,
 
S3 = az 3.31 W/m 2 ]

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2. A 10 kHz uniform plane wave is traveling along the +z direction in seawater with the x − y
plane denoting the sea surface at z = 0 . The constitutive parameters of seawater are µ r = 1 ,
ε r = 81 and σ = 4 S/m. The phasor of the electric field intensity is given by

E ( z ) = (4.45a x − j 4.45a y )e −γz V/m

Determine the following:

(i) The polarization (linear, circular or elliptical) of the uniform plane wave.

(ii) The propagation constant γ and the intrinsic impedance ηc

(iii) The phasor vector of magnetic field intensity H ( z )

(iv) The time average Poynting vector at z = 0 and z = 5δ where δ is the skin depth in
seawater.
(v) The percentage of average power dissipated as the wave travels from z = 0 to z = 5δ .

[Ans: circular, 0.397 + j 0.397 ; 0.14∠45° Ω ; 31.8(a y + ja x )e − j π 4 e −0.397 z e − j 0.397 z ;

a z 100 W/m 2 ; a z 0.0045 W/m 2 ; 99.996%]

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E3001 Engineering Electromagnetics: Tutorial 8

1. The electric field of a uniform plane wave (UPW) in air occupying the region z ≤ 0
is given by
Ei ( z ) = a x 10e − j ( 6πz +π 3)
V/m

The UPW is incident normally on a plane interface at z = 0 with a lossy medium

e.g. a concrete wall, having µ = µο , ε = 6ε ο and σ = 0.09 S/m, occupying the region
z > 0 . Find the following:

(a) The frequency of the wave

(b) The phasor expressions for E r ( z ) , H r ( z ) , Et ( z ) , H t ( z )

(c) The percentage of average power reflected and transmitted at the interface.
(d) The expressions for the time-average Poynting vector in air and in the lossy
medium.

(e) E max , zmax , E min and zmin in the region z ≤ 0

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Ans: (a) f = 900 MHz

(b) Ei ( z ) = a x Eοi e − j 6πz V/m Eοi = 10∠ − 60°

Er ( z ) = a x 4.35∠112° e + j 6πz V/m Γ = 0.435∠172°
H r ( z ) = − a y 0.0115∠112° e + j 6πz A/m
Et ( z ) = a x 5.72∠ − 54° e −6.85 z e − j 46.7 z V/m τ = 0.572∠6.0°
H t ( z ) = a y 0.038 ∠ − 62.4°e − 6.85 z e − j 46.7 z A/m η 2c = 150.5∠8.4°

(c) 18.9%; 81.1%

(d) a z 0.108 W/m 2 , a z 0.108 exp(−13.7 z ) W/m 2

(e) E max = 14.4 V/m @ zmax = −7.9 cm;

E min = 5.6 V/m @ z min = −16.3 cm

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E3001 Engineering Electromagnetics: Tutorial 9
1. The magnetic field of a uniform plane wave traveling in a lossless dielectric
medium ( µ r = 1, ε r = 4 ) has the form of
H = (− 4a x + 5ma z )e − j (60 x +80 z ) A/m

Find the following:

(i) The direction of propagation, the frequency of the wave and the value of m

(ii) The corresponding electric field E ( z )

(iii) The time-average Poynting vector S

[Ans: ak = a x 0.6 + a z 0.8 ; f = 2.39 GHz ; m = 0.6; E = a y 300π e

− j ( 60 x +80 z )
V/m;
S = a x 1.4 + a z 1.9 kW/m 2 ]

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2. A uniform plane wave in free space occupying the region z < 0 is incident at a
plane interface with a lossless dielectric medium ( ε r = 2.1 , µ r = 1 ), occupying the
region z > 0 . The incident electric field is given by

~  π 3π 
Ei = (a x 3 − a z ) cos ωt − x − z  V/m
 2 2 

(a) Determine the frequency of the wave, the angle of incidence, and the angle of
transmission.

(b) Obtain a time domain expression for the transmitted electric field E t .

[Ans: f = 150 MHz ; θ i = 30° ; θ t = 20.2° ;

~  π 
Et = (a x 1.48 − a z 0.54) cos 3π × 108 t − x − 4.27 z  V/m ]
 2 

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E3001 Engineering Electromagnetics: Tutorial 10

1. The electric field of a uniform plane wave traveling (UPW) in a lossless dielectric
medium with = µr 1,= ε r 2.25 and occupying the region z ≤ 0 is given by

E = (3a x − j 5a y − 4a z ) e − j (8 x +6 z ) V/m

The wave is incident on an air boundary at z = 0 , occupying the region z ≥ 0 .

x
(µ = 1,ε = 2.25,σ = 0)
r r 1
Air

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Find the following:
(i) The frequency f and direction of propagation ak of the UPW
(ii) The amplitude of the perpendicular- and parallel- polarized component of
the incident electric field with respect to the plane of incidence
(iii) The polarization (linear, circular or elliptical) of the incident wave

(iv) The time-average Poynting vector Si

(v) The angle of incidence θ i

(vi) The Brewster angle θ B||

(vii) The Critical angle θ c

(viii) The percentage of average incident power reflected from the interface.

[Ans: 318 MHz,= ak 0.8ax + 0.6az , Eο||i = 5 ; Eο⊥i = 5∠ − 90° ; circular;

= Si 0.08ax + 0.06az ,
θ i = 53.1° ; θ B|| = 33.7° ;=
θ c 41.8° ; 100%]

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 2. A 385 MHz uniform plane wave (UPW) travelling in a lossless dielectric medium
( µr 1,=
= ε r 2.6) occupying the region z ≤ 0 has an electric field in the form of
 
Ei = − j 78a y e − j ( ki sin(θi ) x +ki cos(θi ) z ) V m

The wave is incident on an air boundary at z = 0 , occupying the region z ≥ 0 .

Assume angle of incidentθi = θ B|| , find the following:

(a) Direction of propagation of incident, reflected and transmitted waves,

  
aki , akr and akt

(b) Time-average
  Poynting
 vector of the incident, reflected and transmitted waves
i.e. Si , Sr and St

(c) The average power transmitted through 0.5m 2 area at z = 0.

        
[Ans: θ=
B|| 31.8° ,
=
a ki 0.53a x + 0.85a z , =
akr 0.53a x − 0.85a z , =
akt 0.85a x + 0.53a z ;
        
=Si 6.85a x + 11.1a=
z , S r 1.35a x − 2.2 a=z , S t 14.3a x + 8.9 a z , 4.45 W ]

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E3001 Engineering Electromagnetics: Tutorial 11
1. A transmission line has Vg = 15 V, Z g = 75 Ω , Zο = 75 Ω , Z L = 60 − j 40 Ω and
 = 0.7λ . Compute the power delivered to the load using two different techniques:

Z g = 75Ω

Vg 15∠0° Z 0 = 75Ω ZL 60 − j 40Ω

z = −0.7λ z=0
• • z

a) Find ΓL and compute PL =

Vg2
8Z g
(1 − Γ ) and
L
2

2
1 Vg
b) Find Z in and compute PL = × Re(Z in ) ;
2 Z g + Z in

Discuss the rationale for each of these methods. [Ans: PL = 0.34]

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 2. A lossless transmission line of length  = 0.45m has a characteristic impedance
Z=
ο 50 Ω and a phase velocity =
u p 1.5 × 108
m/s .

The power supply at z = − has an open-circuited voltage

= Vg 100cos ( 240π × 106 t ) V and an internal impedance Z g= 25Ω . The line is
terminated in an impedance Z L =40 + j 70Ω at z = 0.
Find the following:
(a) The reflection coefficient Γ at z = 0.
(b) The input impedance Z in at z = − .
(c) The voltage at z = − i.e. V ( − )
+
(d) The amplitude of incident voltage wave at z = 0 i.e. Vο
(e) The position of maximum voltage zmax on the line.
(f) The magnitude of voltage maximum V max on the line.
ANS: 133.8 V Γ L = 0.62∠60°, Z in = 12 + j 7.9Ω, 38∠21.2°, Vο+ =82.6∠ − 134.4°, zmax = −0.10m

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 E3001 Engineering Electromagnetics: Tutorial 12

1. A section of a lossless 50 Ω coaxial cable having u p= 2 × 108 m/s is terminated in a

short circuit and operates at a frequency 100 MHz. Determine the shortest length of
the line  such that at the input terminal, the line appears to be a

(a) 100 nH Inductor.

(b) 31.8 pF Capacitor



Zο = 50 Ω

SC
Z in

[Ans: 28.6 cm ( 0.143λ ); 75 cm ( 0.375λ )]

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2. In a laboratory experiment conducted on a 50 Ω transmission line terminated in an
unknown load impedance. It is found that the SWR = 2. The successive voltage
minima are 25 cm apart and the first voltage minimum occurs at 5 cm from the load.
Find

(a) the unknown load impedance

(b) the reflection coefficient at the load end

(c) If the load end is replaced by a short circuit, where would be the first voltage
maximum be located?

[Ans: Z L = 33.8 − j 23.8Ω ; ΓL = 0.33∠ − 108° ; 12.5 cm]

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