LDD for Relational Database Management System

INTERNAL
 COPYRIGHT NOTICE

All ideas and information contained in this document are the intellectual property of
Education and Research Department, Infosys Technologies Limited. This document is
not for general distribution and is meant for use only for the person they are
specifically issued to. This document shall not be loaned to anyone, within or outside
Infosys, including its customers. Copying or unauthorized distribution of this
document, in any form or means including electronic, mechanical, photocopying or
otherwise is illegal.

Education and Research Department

Infosys Technologies Limited
Electronics City
Hosur Road
Bangalore - 561 229, India.

Tel: 91 80 852 0261-270

Fax: 91 80 852 0362
www.infy.com
mailto:E&R@infy.com
Infosys Technologies Limited Table of Contents

Contents

Contents ....................................................................................................................................... iii

LDD for RDBMS ............................................................................................................................. 1
1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Data processing ........................................................................................................... 1
1.2 The database technology .......................................................................................... 1
1.3 The data models.......................................................................................................... 1
2 ER Modeling .......................................................................................................................... 1
2.1 ER Modeling basic concepts ........................................................................................ 1
2.2 ER modeling notations ............................................................................................... 2
2.3 Case study-ER modeling ............................................................................................ 3
2.4 Relational database design ....................................................................................... 3
3 Normalization ......................................................................................................................... 3
3.1 Well structured table .................................................................................................... 4
3.2 Insert, update and delete anomalies ..................................................................... 4
3.3 Normalization .............................................................................................................. 4
3.4 Functional dependency ............................................................................................. 4
3.5 Normal forms ............................................................................................................... 4
3.6 Case study- Normalization ........................................................................................ 4
4 SQL ......................................................................................................................................... 4
4.1 DDL statements ............................................................................................................. 4
4.2 DML statements ........................................................................................................... 4
4.3 Relational Algebra operations ................................................................................. 5
4.4 Sub queries ................................................................................................................... 5
4.5 Case Study to solve the Query using different concept (Join, Independent
and Correlated sub Query) ................................................................................................... 5
4.6 Views .............................................................................................................................. 5
4.7 DCL statements ........................................................................................................... 5

INTERNAL
Infosys Technologies Limited LDD for RDBMS

LDD for RDBMS

1 Introduction
1.1 Data processing
1.1.1 Data processing modes

1.1.2 Traditional method of storage

1.1.3 Disadvantage of Traditional method

1.2 The database technology

1.2.1 The three layer architecture

1.2.2 Advantages of DBMS

1.2.3 Users of DBMS

1.2.4 Different database technologies

1.3 The data models

1.3.1 The hierarchical model

1.3.2 The network model

1.3.3 The relational model

2 ER Modeling
2.1 ER Modeling basic concepts
2.1.1 Entity type
2.1.1.1 Strong entity

2.1.1.2 Weak entity

2.1.1.3 Entity instance

ER/CORP/CRS/DB92 Version No. 1.0 Page 1 of 6

Infosys Technologies Limited LDD for RDBMS

2.1.2 Attributes
2.1.2.1 Key attribute

2.1.2.2 Simple attribute

2.1.2.3 Composite attribute

2.1.2.4 Stored attribute

2.1.2.5 Derived attribute

2.1.2.6 Single valued attribute

2.1.2.7 Multi-valued attribute

2.1.3 Relationship Type

2.1.3.1 Relationship instance

2.1.3.2 Degree of a relationship

2.1.3.3 Cardinality of a relationship

2.1.3.4 Relationship participation

2.2 ER modeling notations

2.2.1 Entity

2.2.1.1 Strong entity

2.2.1.2 Weak entity

2.2.2 Attribute

2.2.2.1 Key attribute

2.2.2.2 Multi valued attribute

2.2.2.3 Composite attribute

ER/CORP/CRS/DB92 Version No. 1.0 Page 2 of 6

Infosys Technologies Limited LDD for RDBMS

2.2.3 Relationship
2.2.3.1 Degree of relationship

2.2.3.2 Role names

2.2.3.3 Cardinality of relationship

2.2.3.4 Relationship participation

2.2.3.5 Attributes of relationships

2.3 Case study-ER modeling

2.3.1 Using Microsoft Visio to draw ER Diagram

2.4 Relational database design

2.4.1 Conversion of strong entity types

2.4.2 Conversion of weak entity types

2.4.3 Conversion of relationships

2.4.3.1 Conversion of unary relationships

2.4.3.2 Conversion of binary relationships

2.4.3.3 Conversion of ternary relationships

2.4.4 Case study- deriving relational schema design from ER model

3 Normalization

ER/CORP/CRS/DB92 Version No. 1.0 Page 3 of 6

Infosys Technologies Limited LDD for RDBMS

3.1 Well structured table

3.2 Insert, update and delete anomalies

3.3 Normalization

3.4 Functional dependency

3.4.1 Full dependency

3.4.2 Partial dependency

3.4.3 Transitive dependency

3.5 Normal forms

3.5.1 First normal form (1NF)

3.5.2 Second normal form (2NF)

3.5.3 Third normal form (3NF)

3.6 Case study- Normalization

4 SQL
4.1 DDL statements
4.2 DML statements

ER/CORP/CRS/DB92 Version No. 1.0 Page 4 of 6

Infosys Technologies Limited LDD for RDBMS

4.3 Relational Algebra operations

4.3.1 Set operations

4.3.1.1 Union

4.3.1.2 Union all

4.3.1.3 Intersection

4.3.1.4 Minus

4.3.2 Cartesian product

4.3.3 Joins
4.3.3.1 Self join

4.3.3.2 Equi join

4.3.3.3 Outer join

4.3.4 Case Study on joining two or more than two Tables

4.4 Sub queries

4.4.1 Nested sub queries

4.4.2 Correlated sub queries

4.5 Case Study to solve the Query using different concept (Join,
Independent and Correlated sub Query)

4.6 Views
4.6.1 Creation of Views

4.6.2 Updating through View

4.6.3 View Restriction

4.6.4 Advance concepts in View

4.7 DCL statements

4.7.1 Grant Command

4.7.2 Revoke Command

4.7.3 Commit

ER/CORP/CRS/DB92 Version No. 1.0 Page 5 of 6

Infosys Technologies Limited LDD for RDBMS

4.7.4 Rollback

4.7.5 Savepoint

ER/CORP/CRS/DB92 Version No. 1.0 Page 6 of 6