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Summary
¾ Running friction and profile determine conveyor power and dynamics.
¾ Numerous design method exist (e.g. DIN 22101, CEMA, In‐house).
¾ Computer programs incorporate design simulation algorithms.
¾ For long conveyors, design models need to accommodate :‐
1. Temperature effects.
2. Vertical and horizontal curves.
3. Troughed, pipe and cable belt systems.
4. Idler, belt and material properties.
1.0 Introduction
Conveyor Belt Rolling Resistance Methods – References (1950 – 2007)
1950 – 1970
1954 – P. Lachmann (Clouth) > Resistance of Full Conveyors (Germany)
1956 – 1960. A. Vierling & H.H. Oehman > Travel resistance, measurements (Germany)
1960 – 1970. U. Behrens, F Schwartz > Conveyor Resistance Theories (Germany)
1970 – 1980
1976 – CEMA and Goodyear, Conveyor Equipment Manufactures , handbooks (USA)
1978 – 1991. C. Spaans >Indentation Resistance and Belt Flexure (Netherlands)
1979 – ISO 5048 > Calculations for Belt Conveyors (and DIN 22101) (Germany/Europe)
1980 – C. Jonkers > Indentation Rolling Resistance (Netherlands)
1980 ‐2007
1987 – 1998. A. Harrison, et al : various > Rolling Loss Test Rigs, Alt. Models (Australia/USA)
1987 – 1997. L. Nordell, et al. : various > Power/Rubber losses, Applications (USA)
1993 – 2005. M. Hager/A. Hintz, et al > Energy Saving, Long Conveyors (Germany)
1995 – 2003. G. Lodewijks : various > Rolling Resistance of Rubber Types (USA/Netherlands)
2003 – 2006. C. Wheeler, et al. : various > Indentation, FEA, Material Flexure (Australia)
General :
Te = L g [R + B + V] + Q v + P + O : T1 = (Te + T2) (in N)
v (m/s) T1
V Q (t/h)
T2
L
R = Resistance of Idlers (carry and return)‐(CEMA Kx, DIN has separated values)
B = Belt and Material Flexure (carry and return)‐(CEMA Ky, DIN n/a)
Comparison of coefficients for CEMA and DIN methods.
General Components of “Te” at the Element Level
j j+1 MF(j)= f(v, Sag, Type)
F j F j+1
Mb Mm
MF(j)
R(j) D Fn = (Mm+Mb) g
S j C O
o L C r
a i e e
1.33 l g m
BF(j) BI(j) BI = f (T, D, Fn )
R(j) Small D
SBR
KN
NN
SC Large D T = Temperature
D = Idler Diameter
‐40 C 0 40 C Fn S = Idler Spacing
3.0 Hybrid Non‐Lin Models
Model Values
Example 1: 16.8 km belt, 5% slope
Example 1. : Model Values
Inputs
Example 1. – Long Conveyor, 5% Slope
SBR
Tensions
Nat./SBR
Example 1. – Natural Rubber
Example 2. Horizontal and Vertically Curved Pipe Belt
Example 2 : Pipe Conveyor (Cement & Limestone
Example 2 : Dual Carry, Natural Rubber
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