ASSIGNMENT # 1

Submitted to:
Mam Rabia
Presented by:
Adeel Ahmad Zafar
Reg.No:
2016-ME-107
Difference between 2-Stroke and 4-stroke Engine

“Engines” are the power producing units of the vehicle. From the
cheapest to the costliest vehicle, every vehicle has one thing in
common, that is an “Engine”. The kind used in automobiles is an
“Internal Combustion” Engine. The term means that the combustion of
the fuel takes place inside the engine in cylindrical compartments
called “Combustion Chambers”. It is inside these combustion chambers
that the conversion of energy from the chemical form to mechanical
form takes place. The vertical motion of the pistons is converted into
rotational motion by “crankshafts” which are connected to the pistons
using “connecting rods”. The vertical motion of the piston in one
direction (either up or down) is called a “stroke”.

The difference between 2stroke and 4stroke engine arises from the
number of strokes piston makes while completing one cycle. This one
cycle consists of the compression and combustion of the air-fuel
mixture. Basically there are four parts to one cycle:

1-Intake of the fuel-air (and oil) mixture

2-Compression & Ignition
3-Expansion due to explosion
4-Exhaust release

In a 4-stroke engine, each quarter of the cycle causes one strokeof the
piston. The cycle of the 4-stroke engine is called the “Otto Cycle”
named after the inventor of the internal combustion cycle “Nikolaus
Otto”.

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In the 2-stroke engine, the cycle gets completed in two strokes of the
piston (one upward compression stroke and one downward exhaust
and intake stroke).

The 2-Stroke Engine

The main differences in 2 stroke engine from their counterparts
are the simplicity in construction as the two stroke engine does not
need valves for fuel and air intake and exhaust outlet unlike the four
stroke engine and the firing frequency (ignition of the fuel) of the two
stroke is greater than the four stoke (once per revolution of the
crankshaft as compared to once per two revolutions in a four stroke).
This enables the two stroke engine to produce more power. The lack of
valve systems in a two stroke enables it to be lighter and operate in any
orientation as compared to the 4 stroke which can operate efficiently in
the upright position (countering this problem would require design
complexities). Thus the 2-Stroke engine has a higher power to weight
ratio.

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The 4-Stroke Engine

The 4-Stroke engine is much more complex and more “civilized” as

most automobile engineers would like to put it. It has been given more
attention and development unlike its brother, the two stroke engine. It
consists of a complex valve system which is operated by time shafts or
cam shafts that open and close the valves at the required time. The 4-
stroke engines have many different cylinder. All the pistons follow a
different firing order to produce maximum possible efficiency and the
sparks are provided as per this firing order by a distributor. A car that is
“tuned” well will fire that spark exactly as the piston reaches the “Top
Dead Centre” position during the ignition stroke.

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 2-Stroke
2 stroke engine completes 1
rotation of crankshaft after
completing one cycle.
Power is produced once during 2
strokes of the piston.
2 stroke engine has ports which
makes it's design simpler.
Addition of oil is required.
A bump or protuberance may be
needed on top side of piston.
Air-fuel mixture enters through
inlet port & travels to combustion combustion chamber.
chamber passing through
crankcase.
2 stroke engines are lighter
comparatively.
2 stroke engines are louder
comparatively.
4-Stroke
4 stroke engine completes 2
rotations of crankshaft after
completing one cycle.
Power is produced once every 4
strokes of the piston.
Engine design is a bit complicated
due to valve mechanism which is
operated through gear & chain
mechanism.
No need of adding oil or lubricant
to fuel.
Top side of the piston is flat.
Mixture remains only in the
4 stroke engines are heavier.
4 stroke engines make less noise.
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Difference between Petrol and Diesel Engine
In petrol engines, the fuel and air should be pre-mixed, while in diesel
engines, mixing happens only during the combustion. Due to this
reason diesel engine use a fuel injector while petrol engines use a
spark plug.
Gasoline engine Diesel engine
1. Intake stroke – fuel is mixed 1. Intake stroke – intake valve
with air opens, air in, piston goes down
2. Compression stroke – piston 2. Compression stroke – piston
goes up, mixture of fuel and air goes up, air compressed (heated
is compressed in excess of 540°C)
3. Ignition stroke – fuel/air is 3. Combustion stroke – fuel is
ignited through the use of a injected (right time), ignition,
spark plug piston goes down
4. Exhaust stroke – piston goes 4. Exhaust – piston goes up,
up, pushes exhaust through the pushes exhaust through the
exhaust valve exhaust valve

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