BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books:

Ardales, V.B. (2007). Basic Concepts and Methods of Research. Iloilo City: Concerns
Inc.

Baumgartner, T. et al. (2002). Conducting and Reading Research in Health and Human.
Maglaya, (ed)(2005). Nursing practice in the Community .4111 ed. Marikina
City:
Argonauta Corporation.

Bautista, J, (2009). Theoretical Foundation of Nursing: A Beginner’s Journey Into

Professional Nursing, 1st Ed. Philippines: Giuani Prints House.

Black, J. & Hawks, J.H. (2008). Medical – Surgical Nursing: Clinical Management for
positive outcomes, 5th Ed. Singapore: Elsieves Pte.Ltd.

Cuevas, F.P. (2007). Public Health Nursing in the Philippines, 10th Ed. Philippines:
Publications Committee National League of Philippines Government Nurses,
Incorporated.

Levy, P. (2005). Industrial/Organizational Psychology: Understanding the work place .2nd

Ed. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Shaughnessy, J.et al. (2000). Research methods in Psychology. 5th Ed. Boston: McGraw-
Hill Companies.

Smeltzer , S. & Bare, B, (2004). Brunner and Suddarth’s textbook of Medical – Surgical
Nursing, 10th Ed. Philippines: Lippincott – William and Wilkins Publications.

Journals:

Alam (2002) cited from Blackwell, Lauren, et al. (2004). “Nursing Students’ Experiences
with Needlestick Injury”. Theresa Lawson University, Greenwood, SC.

Al-Hussam. (2005). “Knowledge and Acceptance of Hepatitis B Vaccines”,

Internet Journal of Health Care Administration, vol 2.
Badr HH et. al. (1999). Knowledge, Awareness and Attitude of Adolescents
about/towards Hepatitis. Egypt: Department of Health, High Institute of Public
Health.

Cervini and Bell (2005) Blackwell, Lauren, et al. (2004). “Nursing Students’ Experiences
with Needlestick Injury”. Theresa Lawson University, Greenwood, SC.

Drexler et. al, (2007) cited from Blackwell, Lauren, et al. (2004). “Nursing Students’
Experiences with Needlestick Injury”. Theresa Lawson University, Greenwood,
SC.

Deisenhammer, et. al (2001) cited from Blackwell, Lauren, et al. (2004). “Nursing
Students’ Experiences with Needlestick Injury”. Theresa Lawson University,
Greenwood, SC.

Gershon and Flanagan (2000) cited from Blackwell, Lauren, et al. (2004). “Nursing
Students’ Experiences with Needlestick Injury”. Theresa Lawson University,
Greenwood, SC.

Kasprak, J. (2003, May 29). Needlestick Laws, from

http://www.ncbi.ct.gov/2003/olrdate/ph/rpt/2003

McCarthy and Britton (2000) cited from Blackwell, Lauren, et al. (2004). “Nursing
Students’ Experiences with Needlestick Injury”. Theresa Lawson University,
Greenwood, SC.

Smith and Leggat (2005) cited from Blackwell, Lauren, et al. (2004). “Nursing Students’
Experiences with Needlestick Injury”. Theresa Lawson University, Greenwood,
SC.

Razi, Amir, et al. (2010). “ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of University Students
Regarding Hepatitis B and C,” APRN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science, vol 5.

Trim, Joanna. (2004). “Raising Awareness and Reducing the Risk of Needlestick
Injuries,” University Hospital Burmingham NHS Trust.
Yacoub, Rabi. (2010). “Hepatitis B Vaccination Status and Needlestick Injuries among
Health Care Workers in Syria.” University at Buffalo, NY, USA.

Periodicals:

Chante, Charles C. “Heaptitis B treatment Strategies”. The Philippine Star, May 2006,
Vol. 29, No. 302, Page 17

Chua, Philip. “Sex and Hepatitis B”. Malaya. July 29, 2006, Vol. 25, No. 162, Page A5

Gonzales, Eduardo G. “Viral Hepatitis”. Manila Bulletin. July 18, 2005, Vol. 319, No.
18,
Page C5

Manongdo, Jenny F. “Doctors warn on Hepatitis B virus”. Manila Bulletin. February 2,

2006. Vol. 398, No. 2, page 7

Rafols, Mae Lorraine S. “Eight million Filipinos unaware of being Hepa B carriers”.
Manila Bulletin. February 6, 2006, Vol. 398, No. 6, Page C5

Sy, Gary S. “Hepatitis”. Manila Bulletin, October 11, 2006, Vol. 406, No. 11, Page B10

Wang, Stephen. “Hepatitis B remains a major health Problem in RP”. Philippine Star.
June 11, 2007, Vol. 21, No. 316, Page B6

Dictionaries:

Merriam-Webster Dictionary ( 2005).

Oxford Concise Colour Medical Dictionary (2004)

Wikepedia (2010)

Other Sources:

American Nurses’ Association (2007)

Canadian for International Health and Safety (2007)

Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 2005

Occupation Health and Safety Administration (2001)

Center for Disease and Control (2007)

Hospitals for a Health Environment Website (2007)

Philippine Senate website (2010)

Senator Pia Cayetano website (2007)

Short Life Working Group (2001)

 APPENDIX

UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN

College of Nursing
Iloilo City

QUESTIONNAIRE

Extent of Knowledge on Hepatitis B and Preventive Practices on Needlestick

Injuries Among Selected Nursing Students of University of San Agustin

Part I. DEMOGRAPHIC DATA

Sex: (Please Check)

Male Female
Hospital Exposures: (Please Check)
Never (None at all) Sometimes (1-3 Rotations per sem)
Often (4-6 Rotations per sem) Always (7 or more Rotations per sem)

Part II. KNOWLEDGE ON HEPATITIS B

Direction: Base on your knowledge about Hepatitis B, please encircle the best answer
that applies:
1. What is the causative agent of Hepatitis B?
a) Virus
b) Bacteria
c) Fungi
d) Protozoa
2. You can acquire the infection via:
a) Oral-fecal
b) blood-borne
c) genetics
d) skin to skin contact
3. In what situation you’ll be at lowest risk of acquiring Hepatitis B?
a) Blood transfusion
b) CVP monitoring
c) CBG monitoring
d) IV insertion
4. When is Hepatitis B vaccine given?
a) 4 weeks after birth
b) 3 weeks after birth
c) 1 week after birth
d) At birth

5. What test result would help diagnose a person positive for HBV?
a) HbSAg reactive
b) Anti- Hbs reactive
c) HbSAg non-reactive
d) None of the above
6. What is the treatment for Hepatitis B?
a) anti-viral medications
b) antibiotics (e.g. Ciprofloxacin)
c) no specific treatment
d) none of the above
7. What is the best preventive equipment to be used when handling a patient
infected with Hepatitis B?
a) Gowns only
 b) Gloves and gowns
c) Masks and goggles
d) Gown and Mask
8. What is the incubation period of Hepatitis B?
a) 1-6 days
b) 1-6 weeks
c) 1-6 months
d) 1-6 years
9. The major complication of Hepatitis B is:
a) Liver cirrhosis
b) Liver abscess
c) Jaundice
d) None of the above
10. A mother can transmit the Hepatitis B virus to the fetus through:
a) Periumbilical Transmission
b) During labor and delivery
c) Genetics and Heredity
d) All of the above
11. Which type of Hepatitis will likely co – effect Hepatitis B?
a) Hepatitis A
b) Hepatitis C
c) Hepatitis D
d) Hepatitis E
12. Which practice is more likely at risk in acquiring Hepatitis B Infection?
a) Sharing manicure set with affected person
b) Sharing utensils with affected person
c) Sharing clothes with affected person
d) All of the above

13. In acute infection with Hepatitis B is associated with:

a) Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting
b) Fever, headache, vomiting
c) Abdominal pain, headache and nausea
d) All of the above
14. What is the best diet for patients with hepatitis B?
a) Low fat, High Caloric Diet
b) Bland Diet
c) Low Carbohydrates, High protein Diet
d) Diet as tolerated
15. What is the reservoir of Hepatits B Virus?
a) Man
b) Aedes Mosquito
 c) Water
d) Soil

Part III: PREVENTIVE PRACTICES ON NEEDLESTICK INJURY

Direction: Base on your experience, please check the corresponding boxes that apply.
Use the criteria provided:

1- Never 2 – Sometimes 3 – Always

1 2 3

1. I perform handwashing before performing any procedures.

2. I perform handwashing after performing any procedures.

3. I review steps before performing needle – related activities.

4. I organize materials before performing needle – related activities.

5. I dispose needles in the sharps container provided.

6. I perform procedures involving needle-related activities

with confidence.

7. I used fish and scoop method when recapping syringes.

8. I pull – out IV catheter as ordered by the physician aseptically

and keeps set sterile.

9. When I pull – out IV catheter as ordered by the physician,

I keep set sterile.

10. I open needles and sharps not directed to clients or to anyone.

11. I recap needles and sharps not directed to clients or to anyone.

12. I recap needles and sharps immediately after using it.

13. I use gloves in performing blood-related interventions.

14. I will report needlestick injuries immediately to my clinical

instructor or to the staff.

15. I will subject myself to laboratory exam to rule out

infections after I got or will get pricked by the sharps.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Page Number

I. INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study------------------------------------------------------1

Objectives of the Study--------------------------------------------------------6

 Theoretical Framework------------------------------------------------------- 7

Conceptual framework--------------------------------------------------------8

Hypotheses--------------------------------------------------------------------- 9

Definition Variables of Terms----------------------------------------------10

Significance of the Study-----------------------------------------------------13

Scope and Limitation of the study------------------------------------------18

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Extent of Knowledge --------------------------------------------------------21

Preventive Practices on Hepatitis B--------------------------------------- 22

Background Literature on Hepatitis B-------------------------------------23

Extent of Knowledge on Hepatitis B of Nursing Students-------------25

Background Literature on Needlestick Injuries-------------------------26

Preventive Practices on Needlestick Injuries of Nursing Students---28

Sex and Extent of Knowledge on Hepatitis B--------------------------28

Hospital Exposure and Extent of Knowledge on Hepatitis B -------29

Sex and Preventive Practices on Needlestick Injuries----------------30

Hospital Exposure and Preventive Practices on Needlestick Injuries-----30

Extent of Knowledge on Hepatitis B and

Preventive Practices on Needlestick Injuries---------------------------------32

III. METHODOLOGY
 Research Design Study------------------------------------------------------33

Study Area and Population of the Study----------------------------------33

Data Gathering Instrument-------------------------------------------------34

Data Gathering Procedure--------------------------------------------------35

Data Processing--------------------------------------------------------------36

Statistical Treatment and Analysis----------------------------------------37

List of Dummy Tables------------------------------------------------------38

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX

A. Questionnaire

Extent of Knowledge on Hepatitis B and Preventive Practices on

Needlestick Injuries Among Selected Nursing Students
of University of San Agustin

A Research Proposal presented to

University of San Agustin
College of Nursing
-------------------------------------------------------------------

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

For the Degree of BACHELOR OF
SCIENCE IN NURSING

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Rementilla, John Michael S.

Santillan, Xenia Razel L.
Baguioro, Janerie Jane B.
Barrios, Kevin George B.
Delariarte, Stella Mae T.
Presquito, Ritz Marie S.
Gange, April Monica G.
Ybaňez, Jacquelyn B.
Morong, Ebony C.

BSN 4- A