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Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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Introduction to MPLS
Session RST-130
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 3
Agenda
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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MPLS Key Drivers
Business Drivers
Technology Drivers
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 5
Evolution of MPLS
Cisco MPLS
MPLS Croup
Croup Cisco
Cisco Ships
Ships Traffic
Traffic Engineering
Cisco Calls
Calls aa Engineering
BOF Formally
Formally Chartered
Chartered MPLS
MPLS TE Deployed
BOF at
at IETF
IETF to
to TE Deployed
Standardize by
by IETF
IETF
Standardize
Tag
Tag Switching
Switching Cisco
Cisco Ships
Ships MPLS
MPLS VPN
VPN Large
Large Scale
Scale
MPLS
MPLS (Tag
(Tag Deployed
Deployed Deployment
Deployment
Switching)
Switching)
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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MPLS as a Foundation for Value
Added Services
Provider Any
Traffic IP+Optical
Provisioned IP+ATM Transport
Engineering GMPLS
VPNs Over MPLS
MPLS
Network Infrastructure
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 7
Web Caching
VPNs
MPLS
1st Qtr
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 8
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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In-House or Outsourced VPNs
100% Outsourced
Owned
90%
80%
70%
60% Build
Customer
50% Base Now to
Seize Future
40%
Growth
30%
20%
10%
0%
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
US VPN Spending
2000
1800 Cisco
1600
1400
1200 30000
VPN Products
1000 25000 VPN Services
800 20000
600 15000
400 10000
200 5000
0 0 VPN Products
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Yankee Group Predictions for VPN Spending Infonetics VPN Spend Projections in
($US Millions) ($US Millions)
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 10
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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The Service Provider Challenge
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 11
Technology Basics
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 12
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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MPLS Concept
• At Edge: • In Core:
Classify packets Forward using labels
Label them (as opposed to IP addr)
Label indicates service
class and destination
Edge Label
Switch Router
(ATM Switch or Label Switch
Router) Router (LSR)
Router
ATM switch + Tag
Label Distribution Switch Controller
Protocol (LDP)
MPLS Operation
1a. Existing routing protocols (e.g. OSPF, IS-IS) 4. Edge LSR at egress
establish reachability to destination networks removes label and
delivers packet
1b. Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)
establishes label to destination
network mappings
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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Encapsulations
Label
Label
PPP Header
PPP
PPP Header
Header Label
Label Header
Header Layer
Layer 33 Header
Header
(Packet over SONET/SDH)
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 15
00 11 22 33
00 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 00 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 00 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 00 11
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 16
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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Label Distribution
in MPLS Networks
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 17
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 18
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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Label Distribution Protocol
• Label merge
Done by default for packet networks—unique
label advertised per FEC
Requires VC merge for ATM networks
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 19
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 20
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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RSVP and Label Distribution
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 21
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 22
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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Router Example: Forwarding Packets
0 128.89
0
1
128.89.25.4 Data
0 128.89.25.4 Data
1
0 128.89
0
1
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 24
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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MPLS Example: Assigning Labels
0 128.89
0
1
0 128.89
0
1
128.89.25.4 Data
9 128.89.25.4 Data
1
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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ATM MPLS Example: Requesting Labels
171.69 1 171.69 1
... ... ... ... ... ...
1 0 128.89
1 0
2
I need a label for 128.89
I need another label for 128.89
I need a label for 128.89 3
1
I need a label for 171.69 I need a label for 171.69
1 0 128.89
1 0
2
Use label 9 for 128.89
Use label 10 for 128.89
Use label 4 for 128.89 3
1
Use label 5 for 171.69 Use label 7 for 171.69
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 28
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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ATM MPLS Example: Packet Forwarding
1 0 128.89
0
2
128.89.25.4 Data
1
9 128.89.25.4 Data
128.89.25.4 Data 1
4 128.89.25.4 Data
1 5 128.89 0 3
2 8 128.89 0 3
Cells … … … … …
55 Help!
55 55
Packet
Packet 55 1
0
128.89
2 33 33 33 33 33 33
Packet
Packet 88 88
88 88
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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Multiple Labels
1 5 128.89 0 3
2 8 128.89 0 7
Cells … … … … …
55 Much Better!
55 55
Packet
Packet 55 1
0
128.89
2 77 33 77 33 77 33
Packet
Packet 88 88
88 88
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 31
VC Merge
1 5 128.89 0 3
2 8 128.89 0 7
Cells … … … … …
55
55 55
Packet
Packet 55 1
0
128.89
2 77 77 77 33 33 33
Packet
Packet 88 88
88 88
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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MPLS Forwarding
Destination- Explicit
Resource Multicast Virtual
based IP Class Reservation Routing and Private
Unicast of Service Static
(eg RSVP) (PIM v2) Networks
Routing Routes
Label Stacking
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 34
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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MPLS-Based Services
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 35
IP+ATM
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 36
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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IP+ATM Network Model
1. Packet Transport
Today’s service revenue
2. IP VPNs (1)
Growth through new value-
added services IP+ATM Network-Based
(2) IP VPNs
3. IP-Enabled Transport
(4)
ATM for transport aggregation
IP-Enabled for service delivery:
any-to-any connectivity
Leased
4. IP Service Communities ATM Frame DSL Wireless
Lines
Intranets/Extranets with (3)
applications and content hosting
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 37
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 38
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
Presentation_ID.scr
What Is a VPN?
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 39
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 40
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
Presentation_ID.scr
IP VPN Taxonomy
IP VPNs
DIAL DEDICATED
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 41
IPsec
MPLS
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 42
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
Presentation_ID.scr
VPN Services and Architectures
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 43
• Scalable VPNs
VPN Membership-
• IP QoS and traffic Based on Logical Port
engineering
VPN A
• Easy to manage and No VPN A Site 3
VC provisioning required Site 2
MPLS
• Provides a level of Network
Security equivalent to Corp A Corp B
MPLS VPN Renault
Frame-relay and ATM Site 1 Site 2
MPLS VPN Bankcorp
• Supports the deployment
of new value-added
applications Corp B
Site 1
• Customer IP address Corp B
Site 3 Traffic Separation at Layer 3
freedom
Each VPN Has Unique RD
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 44
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
Presentation_ID.scr
Using Labels to Build an IP VPN
Cust A
A A
Cust A ----
---
----
----
---
----
B
----
---
----
Cust A
B
Cust B
----
---
----
MPLS
Network
Cust B
VPN C VPN B
Multicast
Hosting
Intranet
VPN A
VoIP Extranet
VPN A
VPN B
VPN C VPN C
VPN A VPN B
• Overlay VPN • MPLS-based VPNs
Pushes content outside the network Enables content hosting inside the
Costs scale exponentially network
Transport dependent “Flat” cost curve
Groups endpoints, not groups Transport independent
Complex overlay with QoS, tunnels, IP Easy grouping of users and services
Enables QoS inside the VPNs
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 46
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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Key Features
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 47
Security
Miercom, March 30, 2001
http://www.mier.com/reports/cisco/MPLS-VPNs.pdf
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 48
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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Validating Cisco MPLS Based IP-VPN
as a Secure Network
POS 1/1
100.200.106.1
100.200.200.107
POS 1/0
100.200.103.1 OC3 POS
ATM1/0
SER 1/0/1:0
100.200.110.1
100.200.112.2
T1 FR
dlci 101
T1 FR
dlci 102
eBGP AS72
RIP v2 100.200.105.2 Si ATM2/0/0 OSPF
ATM1/0
100.200.111.2 10.4.4.4
Ser 1/0
address space
2611
100.200.200.110 RED-Dover YELLOW-Oxford
1750 YELLOW-Dover 3640
10.3.3.3 3640 100.200.200.102
100.200.200.109 100.200.200.111
• Quality of Service:
Flexible and scaleable support for a CoS-
based networks
• Scalability:
Total capacity of the system isn’t bounded by
the capacity of an individual component
Scale to virtually unlimited number of VPNs
per VPN Service Provider and scale to
thousands of sites per VPN
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 50
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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Key Features (Cont.)
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 51
BGP/MPLS VPN—Summary
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 52
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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MPLS Traffic Engineering
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 53
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 54
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
Presentation_ID.scr
Why Traffic Engineering?
• Congestion in the network due to changing traffic
patterns
Election news, online trading, major sports events
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 55
R3
R4
R8 R5
R2
R1
R6 R7
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
Presentation_ID.scr
Applications of MPLS TE
Link and Node Protection R9
R8
R3
R4
R2
R1 R5
R6 R7
Mimic SONET APS
Reroute in 50ms or Less
MPLS
Network
VoIP Toll Bypass VoIP
Voice
Voice Trunking
Trunking Gateway Gateway
PE GB
Tunnel PE
PE PE
CE Regular TE CE
Enterprise Tunnel Enterprise
LAN LAN
PE PE
GB-TE Tunnel
VPN
VPN Service
Service Regular TE Tunnel
Physical Link
Internet
Internet Service
Service Enterprise Internet Internet Enterprise
LAN Access Router Access Router LAN
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 58
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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MPLS TE Summary
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 59
Summary
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 60
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
Presentation_ID.scr
MPLS: The Key Technology for IP
Service Delivery
ATM
ATM IP
IP
Services Services
Services Services
IP+ATM
IP+ATM Switch
Switch
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 62
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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MPLS: The Key Technology for IP
Service Delivery
Optical
Optical IP
IP
Services Services
Services Services • IP+ATM: MPLS brings IP and ATM together
Eliminates IP “over” optical complexity
IP
IP Uses MPLS as a control plane for setting up lightpaths
(wavelengths)
O-UNI
O-UNI MPLS
MPLS
One control plane for Internet, business IP VPNs, and
IP+Optical
optical transport
IP+Optical Switch
Switch
Frame
Frame
Relay
• Any transport over MPLS
Relay
Transport ATM, FR, Ethernet, PPP over MPLS
Provide services to existing installed base
Protect Investment in the installed gear
Leverage capabilities of the packet core
ATM Combine with other packet-based services such as
MPLS VPNs
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 63
End-to-End Solution
VPN and Traffic Engineering Combined
to Provide End-to-End Services
5 Mbps
VPN HQ
HQ1 1 Mbps
Back-up
MPLS TE
MPLS VPN
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 64
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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References
• Sessions at Networkers
RST-230 - Deploying Large Scale VPN with MPLS
RST-231 - Deploying MPLS for Traffic Engineering
RST-330 – Troubleshooting MPLS for Traffic Engineering
RST-331 – Troubleshooting ATM MPLS Networks
RST-430 – Advanced Developments & concepts in MPLS
PS-542 – MPLS – Technology, Options and Applications
Questions?
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 66
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
Presentation_ID.scr
Introduction to MPLS
Session RST-130
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 67
RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 68
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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RST-130
2926_05_2001_c2 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 69
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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