NCC Ten Years ICT Agenda - Paper - Revision 1.3 - Final Sub.

NIGERIAN
COMMUNICATIONS
COMMISSION
PROPOSED
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
AGENDA
FOR THE NEXT TEN YEARS
Presented by:
Dr. Tayo Aduloju

TRAINOPTIMA CONSULTING GROUP
Office of Strategy, Policy and Competitiveness
Proposed Nigerian Communications CommissionInformation and Communication Technology Ten (10) Year Agenda
TABLE OF CONTENT PAGES
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3
INTRODUCTION: NCC ICT 10 YEAR AGENDA & FRAMEWORK 5
SECTION 1: ICT INDUSTRY GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK 10
26
SECTION 2 : FRAMEWORK FOR REGULATORY EFFECTIVENESS
SECTION 3 : CONVERGENCE OF ICT REGULATORY FUNCTIONS 32
SECTION 4 : FRAMEWORK FOR BROADBAND DEVELOPMENT 37
SECTION 5 : REGULATING ICT INDUSTRY QUALITY STANDARDS 54
CONCLUSION 62
BIBLIOGRAPHY 64
ABOUT THE AUTHOR 65
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The NCC Information and Communication Technology Agenda for the next ten years is a
road map for the future. It presents ICT as a globalizing force and NCC as a driver of
TrainOptima Consulting Group – Office of Strategy, Policy and Competitiveness
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development of the digital infrastructure that would determine our future national
competitiveness. It proposes a stronger and more deliberate industry governance strategy
that leverages the roles and functions of all players in the ICT Sector, to deliver a new level
of industry performance. It seeks to articulate an NCC engagement strategy for the sector
for facilitating collaboration amongst the key public and private sector stakeholders locally
and internationally.
It defines a broader range of performance areas set from the point of view of the Nigerian
Citizen (the consumer) and ICT Operators (NCC’s clients) to provide an organizational
framework for regulatory effectiveness. The Agenda presents the convergence of
information and communication technology as the reason for overlaps and duplicity in
regulatory oversight between the NCC and NBC, and puts forward a strong argument for
the urgent and immediate review of the regulatory functions of NCC and NBC; and
provides guidelines and global benchmarks for institutional and operational alignment of
roles to increase oversight effectiveness in the ICT sector. It introduces the evolution of
convergent technology as the driver of exponential demand for broadband bandwidth
requirements and insists that NCC-NBC regulatory bottlenecks will slow the needed
accelerated deployment of broadband technology, hence, the need for a unified regulatory
regime for the ICT sector.
Based on critical global scenario analysis of national requirements, the agenda presents a
framework for Broadband Development that includes a proposed national broadband goal
of a minimum download speed of 1 Mbps for all Nigerians by 2014 and 50 Mbps by 2020,
driven by a projected direct financial investment in broadband infrastructure of $40 billion
over the next ten years, reaching every household in Nigerian household. The framework
includes a clear description of technology options and guidelines for an infrastructure
stimulus programme. The stimulus programme lays out a high level plan and strategy for
developing Infrastructure Funds, which is informed by practices in the leading ICT
economies globally. The broadband development framework places strong emphases on
building indigenous capacity in the areas of manpower development and local content,
education and research, energy provisioning capacity and manufacturing capabilities for
some broadband related hardware and software, to meet our national goals. Finally the

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agenda provides a more robust quality regulation framework driving for industry-wide
quality and operational excellence.
The NCC ICT agenda and corresponding frameworks is designed to ensure that the NCC
develops formidable capabilities internally, whilst driving a national agenda that
guarantees the next level of ICT evolution.
INTRODUCTION: NIGERIAN COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION TEN YEAR TEN

YEAR AGENDA & FRAMEWORK
The NCC ICT Agenda is designed to provide a compass into the future. Leveraging on research,
trend analysis, global benchmarking and local assessment, the frameworks are designed to create a
robust, reality based, fact driven set of practical guidelines for the next ten years. It addresses the
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basic issues of what presently exists and what is the next level of national ICT transformation and
growth, and the role that NCC must continue to play coming decade.
HOW THE CONVERGENCE OF ICT HAS SET A NEW GLOBAL AGENDA
Thomas L. Friedman, in his book the ‘The World is Flat – The Globalized World in the Twenty-
First Century”, describes three eras of globalization. The First Era of Globalization was from 1492,
when Columbus set sail to discover the New World, to 1800. The force driving global integration
in this first era was industrial power (horse power, steam power, wind power, man power), how
much of it a nation had, and to what degree it could be harnessed. In the First Era, nations were
globalizing – countries developed the power to compete globally.
The Second Era of Globalization was from 1800 to 2000. The force driving global integration in
this second era was multinational companies seeking control of global markets and labour as a
result of the industrial revolution. Second Era catalysts were reduced transportation and
communications costs, as a result of innovation in steam engines and telecommunications and the
personal computer. In the Second Era, companies were globalizing – organizations developed the
power to compete globally.
The Third Era of Globalization was from 2000 to date. The force driving global integration in this
third era is convergence of information and communication technology to create what Thomas L.
[1]
Friedman calls the ‘Flat-world Platform’. The Flat-world Platform is best described by the
Convergence Triangle. [2]
This illustrates the new power and ability for individuals, companies and nations to compete on a
global scale, as each individual via a personal computer can project their digital self in real-time via
global network of fibre optical transmission networks to billions of others. The capacity of

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individuals to author and communicate their own digital content has created this era of
globalization. In the Third Era individuals are globalizing – each of us as individuals, to the degree
that we have access to information and communication technology, can and must develop the
power to compete globally. In one generation we have seen the creation of compact single unit
machines that converge workflow software with hardware, making it possible for one machine to
email, print, fax, scan and copy; single unit computer applications that have the potential to manage
the horizontal value and supply chains; and all this potential to give individuals the capacity to go
global was plugged into billions of people living in China, India, Russia, Africa since the early
1900s, thus creating the greatest explosion of information and knowledge the world has ever
witnessed.
THE ROLE OF THE NCC IN THE THIRD ERA OF GLOBALIZATION
Vision 2020 and the Birth of the Nigerian GSM Revolution
As we entered into the year 2000, the global ICT movement was redefining and changing how
individuals, organizations and nations would compete forever. In Nigeria, the President Obasanjo-
led Federal Government of Nigeria set a very ambitious national economic development plan and
clear policies articulated for each sector of the nation’s economy in the Vision 2020 National Plan.
The Vision 2020 mission was “By 2020 Nigeria will be one of the 20 largest economies in the
world, able to consolidate its leadership role in Africa and establish itself as a significant
[a ]
player in the global economic and political arena,” with the ICT Sector being one of the
thematic areas. The indicative parameter for ICT success being “adequate [information and
communications technology] infrastructure services that support the full mobilization of all
economic sectors” [b]
In the spirit of economic reform and visionary leadership of the Obasanjo administration, a 22-
member Telecommunications Sector Reform Implementation Committee (TSRIC) was inaugurated
to promote the policy goals of total liberalization, competition and private sector-led growth of the
telecommunications sector, on February 1, 2000. The product of the deliberations of the TSRIC
was the National Policy on Telecommunications which spurred a telecommunications renaissance
in Nigeria. This policy was implemented by Engr. Ernest Ndukwe, CEO of the NCC, during his
tenure from 2000 to 2010.

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Under his execution of the 2000 version of the National Policy on Telecommunications, the
telecommunications industry has witnessed rapid and enormous transformation and growth.
Driven primarily by mobile telecommunications, the boom was spearheaded by the country’s first
Digital Mobile Licence Spectrum Auction in 2001. Since then, the industry has been hailed for
generating over N120 billion (about USD 1 billion) in revenue for the government, over USD7
billion in service revenues annually, over three million direct and indirect jobs, and over USD 12
billion of foreign investment in the mobile sector itself.
From 2001 to 2009, the Nigerian telecommunications market exploded − from 422,000
subscriptions to approximately 74 million (both fixed and mobile). In a nation that is home to over
146 million people, the country has achieved over 50% teledensity. With 64% of the population
residing in rural areas, coupled with a relatively young population − 42% between the ages of 0-14
and 55% between 15-65 years of age − this telecommunications policy supports operators’
commitment to infrastructure expansion and the provision of value added services.
THE NEED FOR TODAY: A REVIEWED STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK AND AGENDA

FOR THE NEXT TEN YEARS
The Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) has been at the forefront of driving ICT
industry performance and excellence in Africa for the last 10 years; the unprecedented growth in
subscriber base, direct foreign investment, infrastructural capacity, network expansion and ICT
penetration is evidence that the national regulatory and operating environment has delivered the
drivers of business success, accentuated by the empirical impact we have witnessed. Some predict
that the industry is in a decline; while this is a hypothetical option it is not the viable strategic
option for Nigeria. With a pragmatic review of the ICT Agenda of the NCC over the past decade
and the development of an innovative framework for action, Nigeria could be at the edge of the
next wave of the ICT revolution, requiring a new vibrant and strategic focus on the future drivers
of regional competitiveness. Using the sector’s success to date as a foundation, and taking
cognizance of the global forces shaping the 21st century and the strategic nature of ICT in this era
of globalization, there is a for a reviewed NCC Information and Communications Technology
Agenda, for the Next Ten Years.
THE OBJECTIVES OF THE NCC ICT TEN YEAR AGENDA
The NCC ICT agenda for the next ten years provides a set of frameworks which are all within the
statutory provisions of Nigerian Communications Act 2003, and they include:

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– An industry governance framework that leverages the roles and functions of all players in
the ICT Sector, to deliver a new level of industry performance. It seeks to articulate an
NCC engagement strategy for the sector for facilitating collaboration amongst the key
public and private sector stakeholders locally and internationally.
– An organizational framework for regulatory effectiveness.
– A regulatory performance framework that sets clear targets for the future of the sector and
the role that each government agency will play, vis-à-vis the role of the NCC.
– A multilateral framework for defining clear deliverables for NCC with respect to its
obligations and role in the global ICT stakeholders.
– A framework on ICT convergence and regulatory implications.
– A framework for Broadband Development
– A framework for regulating ICT Industry quality standards.
The Components of Each Framework

Each framework that forms part of the NCC ICT agenda has the following components:
- Legitimacy of the framework: Existing legislation that supports it.
- Benchmark/Baseline: where things are presently.
- The Model of the Framework: Diagrammatic representation of the agenda objective
- Strategic Objectives (what the framework seeks to achieve).
- Strategic Initiatives (the description of programme(s) that are designed to deliver it).
- Strategic Milestones (short-term, mid-term, long-term checkpoints that guarantee that the
sector contributes to the delivery of its part of the Vision 2020 goals).

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SECTION 1: ICT INDUSTRY GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK
ICT INDUSTRY GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK

The purpose of the industry governance framework is to illustrate the complex set of relationships
that the NCC is obligated to manage; to adequately define and set deliverables where applicable;
and to further advise the Minister on matters concerning industry governance. The industry
governance framework leverages the roles and functions of all players in the ICT Sector, as a basis
for mobilizing the sector to deliver a new level of industry performance. It seeks to articulate an
NCC engagement strategy for the sector for facilitating collaboration amongst the key public and
private sector stakeholders locally and internationally.

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Legitimacy of the ICT industry governance framework: the framework draws its legitimacy
from Nigerian Communications Act 2003 which identifies the Communicators Sector key
stakeholders as follows: the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, National Assembly (and
their the Joint Senate and House of Representative Committees on Communications), Minister of
Communications, Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) and its Governing Board,
National Frequency Management Council (NFMC), Universal Service Provision Fund (USPF), and
the International Organizations such as Telecommunications Union (ITU), Licensees (or NCC
licensed ICT operators) and Consumers.
Benchmark/Baseline: the NCC has received significant commendation for its outstanding
performance from major player in the Communicators Sector; including Executive Vice Chairman
(EVC), Engr. Ndukwe receiving the National Merit Award, Officer of the Order of the Federal
Republic (OFR) from the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria along with several other
professional and civic awards. The EVC, NCC has added immense value in facilitating regional
and international ICT collaboration as the past Chairman of the Administrative Council of the
African Telecommunications Union and is also a former Chairman of the West African Telecom
Regulators Association (WATRA), an organization he helped pioneer. Apart from the active role
NCC plays in the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) which has officially recognized
the tremendous strides that Commission has made in Sector regulation and it continues to partner
with the ITU locally and internationally. In 2008 the NCC in collaboration with the Federal
Ministry of Communications successfully hosted the Commonwealth Telecommunications
Organization (CTO) 6th Annual Forum and 48th Council Meetings in Abuja. Beyond the event,
NCC and CTO have continued to partner in the area of Universal Access. While disputes have
arisen over the years from different stakeholders, the NCC has maintained a track record of always
taking a firm, ethical and principle-centered position, in which it has always been vindicated. This
broad range of governance issues highlights the need for a proper framework for engaging
stakeholders.
The Model of the Framework:
The Industry Governance Framework has been divided into distinct ‘strategic environments’. They
include:
- Global ICT Regulatory Environment: this consists of global and international ICT
regulatory and enforcement organizations whose policies directly and indirectly impact the
global ICT business environment.
- Global ICT business environment: this consists of markets and operators that play on the
competitive global ICT landscape and operate across several regional ICT markets.

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- National ICT Regulatory Environment: this consists of the federal ministries and agencies
of government that regulate the National ICT business environment (otherwise called ICT
‘Sector’, ‘Industry’ or ‘Markets’ used in this policy and agenda documents
interchangeably).
- National ICT business environment: this consists of markets and operators.
- National ICT Authorizing Environment: this consists of executive and legislative arms of
government that define boundaries of legitimate support, funding and authority of
regulatory and enforcement organs of government.
Figure 1 - NCC ICT Industry Governance Framework
GLOBAL ICT REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT

- The International Telecommunication Union (ITU): ITU is the leading United Nations
agency for information and communication technology issues, and the global focal point
for governments and the private sector in developing networks and services. For nearly 145
years, ITU has coordinated the shared global use of the radio spectrum, promoted
international cooperation in assigning satellite orbits, worked to improve
telecommunication infrastructure in the developing world, established the worldwide
standards that foster seamless interconnection of a vast range of communications systems
and addressed the global challenges of our times, such as mitigating climate change and
strengthening cyber security. ITU is also the most inclusive global telecommunications
organization. The Federal Republic of Nigeria is a Member State of the ITU,

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committed to implementing the mandates, standards and resolutions of the ITU and
the NCC plays a critical role in the ITU in the shaping of Global ICT development.
- The Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation (CTO): CTO is an

international development partnership between Commonwealth and non-Commonwealth
governments, business and civil society organizations. It provides the international
community with effective means to help bridge the digital divide and achieve social and
economic development, by delivering to developing countries unique knowledge-sharing
programmes in the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the
specific areas of Telecommunications, IT, Broadcasting and the Internet. The work of the
CTO goes back to its creation in 1901 as the Pacific Cable Board. Since then, the CTO has
been at the centre of continuous and extensive international communications development
funding, co-operation and assistance programmes. Since 1985, the organization has
delivered to its recipient members in Europe, the Caribbean, Americas, Africa and Asia-
Pacific regions, over 3,500 bilateral and multilateral telecommunications and ICT capacity-
building projects in the form of policy, operational and regulatory training and expert
assistance. In 2008, Nigeria hosted the 48th Council Meeting and 6th Annual Forum in
Abuja, and CTO continues to partner with the Federal Republic of Nigeria in key
Policy areas like Universal Service Provision.
- The African Telecommunications Union (ATU): ATU is the first inter-governmental

organisation dedicated to fostering ICT infrastructure development in Africa's search for
prosperity. The Union has a mission to promote rapid development of info-communication
in Africa to achieve universal access and service as well as full interconnectivity among
countries. Its vision is to be a full and active participant in the global information and
knowledge society. ATU has been an active Sector Member of ITU-D activity. ATU
experience as an ITU-D Sector Member is the ability to learn from the experiences of other
regions and the great assistance from ITU-D in the organisation of regional conferences.
For nearly 31 years, ATU has coordinated the regional positions in the international forums
in relation to standardization, radio communication and development of ICT. It brings
together the most influential representatives of Government and Telecommunications and
the ICT Industry to exchange ideas, knowledge and technology for the benefit of the
continental community. Nigeria, having created one of the fastest growing
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telecommunications economies in the world, has played a significant role in attraction

foreign investments to the African continent and the Engr. Ndukwe led NCC has been
awarded the number industry Regulator in Africa in recent times.
- West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly: The West Africa

Telecommunications Regulators Assembly was established in November 2004. WATRA
consists of 15 independent National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) and departments for
regulation of telecommunications services established by governments of member states in
the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) sub-region and Mauritania.
WATRA was born out of the need to address present realities in the telecommunications
industry in the sub-region while focusing on the need for West Africa to evolve a
harmonized regulatory identity to boost investment and investors-confidence and to more
effectively enhance the regulations of telecommunications services by contributing to
human resource and capacity building efforts aimed at redressing the shortage of
indigenous skills, competencies and capabilities in emerging information and
communications technologies in the sub-region. WATRA partners are international
development organizations, private telecoms operators, governments, ICT equipment
manufacturers, ICT equipment vendors and industry stakeholders. Nigeria chaired and
pioneered the organization and continues to play a major leadership role in setting
the overall direction of WATRA.
- Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN): ICANN was formed
in 1998. It is a not-for-profit public-benefit corporation with participants from all over the
world dedicated to keeping the Internet secure, stable and interoperable. It promotes
competition and develops policy on the Internet’s unique identifiers. ICANN does not
control content on the Internet. It cannot stop spam and it does not deal with access to the
Internet, but through its coordination role of the Internet’s naming system, it does have an
important impact on the expansion and evolution of the Internet.
GLOBAL ICT BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

The GSM Association (GSMA): The GSM Association (GSMA) is an association of mobile
operators and related companies devoted to supporting the standardizing, deployment and

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promotion of the GSM mobile telephone system. In 1995 GSM MoU group was formally
registered as the GSM MoU Association in Switzerland with 117 networks on air. That same year
the Global GSM subscribers exceeded 10 million. Today Global GMS GSM subscribers exceed 3.5
billion. The GSMA represents the interests of the worldwide mobile communications industry.
Spanning 219 countries, the GSMA unites nearly 800 of the world’s mobile operators, as well as
more than 200 companies in the broader mobile ecosystem, including handset makers, software
companies, equipment providers, Internet companies, and media and entertainment organizations.
The GSMA is focused on innovating, incubating and creating new opportunities for its
membership, all with the end goal of driving the growth of the mobile communications industry.
All the major GSM Players in Nigeria are members of the GSMA.
Global VSAT Forum: The Global VSAT Forum is an association of key companies involved in
the business of delivering advanced digital fixed satellite systems and services to consumers, and
commercial and government enterprises worldwide. The Forum is independent and non-profit and
has a global remit. It is also non-partisan - any companies or organizations with an interest in the
VSAT industry are encouraged to join.
The Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA): TIA is the leading trade association
representing the global information and communications technology (ICT) industries through
standards development, government affairs, business opportunities, market intelligence,
certification and world-wide environmental regulatory compliance. With support from its 600
members, TIA enhances the business environment for companies involved in telecommunications,
broadband, mobile wireless, information technology, networks, cable, satellite, unified
communications, emergency communications and the greening of technology. TIA is accredited by
ANSI.
QuEST Forum: QuEST Forum is a global communications association comprised of a unique

partnership of industry service providers and suppliers dedicated to continually improving products
and services in our global industry. All the major suppliers of telecommunications hardware in
Nigeria are members of the QuEST Forum.
Global Telecommunications Supplier Members include: 2Wire, Inc, 3K Technologies LLC, 3M

Communication Markets Division, 3M Deutschland GmbH, ACS Solutions, Actiontec Electronics,
Inc, ADC Telecommunications, Inc, ADTRAN, Inc, ADVA Optical Networking, AFL Network
Services, AFL Telecommunications LLC, Alcatel-Lucent, Argent Associates, Austin Tele-

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Services, BigBand Networks, BroadSoft, Inc, Canoga Perkins, Capital Communications, Inc,
Celestica International, Inc. , Charles E. Singleton Company of Florida , Ciena Corporation, Cisco
Systems, Cognizant Technology Solutions, India Pvt. Ltd, CommScope , Communications Test
Design (CTDI), Corning, Inc, Custom Cable Industries, Draka Communications, Dynis, LLC, ECI
Telecom, Emerson Network Power, Ericsson, Extreme Networks, Fujitsu, General Cable
Corporation, General Dynamics, Genesis Networks, Inc, Goodman Networks, GTL Limited, Harris
Corporation, Harris Stratex Networks, Healy & Co, Hitachi Kokusai Electric Inc, Hitachi Ltd,
Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd, INCREDITEK, Infinera Corporation, Infosys Technologies
Limited, Intraline Inc, Jabil Circuit Inc, JDSU, Juniper Networks Inc, KGP Telecommunications
Inc, LogistiCorp LLC, Mastec North America Inc, Motorola, NEC Groups, Network Hardware
Resale LLC, Nixon Dedicated Services, Nokia Siemens Networks, OFS, Padtec S/A, Pinnacle
Telecommunications Inc, Plexus Corp, Prysmian Communications Cables and Systems USA LLC,
Purcell Systems, Research In Motion, Restor Telecom Inc, SeaChange International, Sector Supply
LP, Shields Environmental Inc, Sonus Networks Inc., Spirent Communications, Starent Networks,
Sumitomo Electric Lightwave Corp, Sun Microsystems Inc, Superior Essex Communications LP,
Symmetricom Inc, Telamon Technologies Corporation, Telcobuy.com, Telcordia Technologies,
TeleCommunication Systems, Telect Inc, Telent Technology Services Ltd, Tellabs, Telmar
Network Technology, Teltech Communications The DESARA Group Inc, TII Network
Technologies, Triage Partners LLC, Tyco Electronics Corporation, Volt Information Sciences Inc.,
Wipro Technologies WorldWide Digital, ZTE Corporation.
NATIONAL ICT REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT

Government: The role of government in the ICT sector includes:
- Giving overall direction for ICT development;

- Ensuring policy consistency of ICT with other national policies; and
- Enacting necessary laws and taking other measures promptly in support of the National
ICT Policy.
Ministry of Communications: The Ministry formulates broad ICT policy. Among its specific
functions are:
- Ensuring the independence of NCC in the regulation of ICT sector

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- Proposing policy options and recommending to Government such measures as legislation,

fiscal incentives, etc;
- Monitoring the implementation of government policy in the industry;
- Establishing policies for promoting universal access to communications in Nigeria as
outlined in this policy;
- Representing Government on matters pertaining to regional and international
organizations;
- Overall monitoring of the radio spectrum allocation in the country, and
- Liaising with the National Assembly on telecommunications matters.
National Frequency Management Council (NFMC): The NFMC is established in the Ministry of
Communications under the chairmanship of the Honourable Minister. It is responsible for the
planning, co-ordination and bulk allocation of the radio frequency spectrum in the country. The
Council liaises with the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) and the Nigerian
Broadcasting Commission (NBC) on the assignment of frequencies.
Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC): NCC is the independent regulator of the
telecommunications industry. It is empowered to issue licenses, assign frequencies and regulate all
telecommunications licensees and service providers. The NCC designs and maintains a national
numbering plan, and performs such other regulatory functions as may be consistent with its
mandate to promote the development of Nigerian ICT sector.
Functions of the NCC: The functions of the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC)
include the following:
- Licensing of telecommunications operators;
- Assignment and registration of frequency to duly licensed operators;
- Administration of a national numbering plan;
- Facilitating private sector participation and investment in the telecommunications
sector of the Nigerian economy;
- Promoting and enforcing a fair competitive environment for all operators, as outlined
in this policy;
- Defining standards for economic regulation of dominant operators, including tariff
regulation as outlined in this policy.
- Establishing mechanisms for promoting universal access to telecommunications
services in Nigeria, as outlined in this policy.

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- Establishing and enforcing technical operational standards and practices for all
operators, including the imposition of penalties for violations.
- Ensuring that the public interest is protected.
NATIONAL ICT AUTHORIZING ENVIRONMENT

The Presidency: the President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal
Republic of Nigeria is responsible for setting the overall agenda for the nation. The Seven Point
Agenda, the Policy Framework of the President Umaru Musa YarAdua’s administration was
developed to transform Nigeria into one of the top 20 economies in the world by the year 2020.
The NCC ICT Agenda for the next ten years is based on this vision.
Ministry of Communications (whose functions has already described above).
The National Assembly (NASS): The NASS is the legislative branch of the Federal Government
of Nigeria. The Constitution has vested in it the power to make laws for the peace, order and good
governance of the Federation. The NASS has an upper chamber (Senate) and a lower chamber
(House of Representative). There are 55 Senate Committees and 55 House of Representatives
Committees with legislative oversight over activities of the executive arm of government. Hence
there is the Senate and House of Representatives Committees on Communications.
NATIONAL ICT BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
The national ICT business environment is made up of major and individual licensed ICT operators
(NCC Clients) and their customers (The public that uses ICT services).
Major Licences
– Unified Access Service Licence

– Digital Mobile Licence (GSM)
– Electronic Directory Information Services
– Fixed Wireless Access (FWA)
– Global Mobile Personal Communications by Satellite (GMPCS)
– Internet Exchange
– International Gateway
– Interconnect Exchange
– Metropolitan (Fibre) Cable Network
– National Carrier
– National Long Distance Communications (NLDO)
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– Public Mobile Communications Trunk Radio Services

– Public Mobile Communications Vehicle Tracking Services
– Private Network Links:
o VSAT (Hubs and International)

o VSAT (Domestic)
o International Data Access
o Fixed Telephony
o Local Exchange Operators
– International Submarine Cable Infrastructure And Landing Station Services

– Value Added Network (Special Numbering) Services
– Collocation Services
– Central Equipment Identity Registry Services
– Non-Commercial Closed User Radio Networks (for non-telecoms companies)
– Commercial Basic Radio Communications Network Services
Basic Licences
– Community Telephony
– Internet Services
– Prepaid Card Calling Services
– Public Payphone Services
– Sales And Installation
– Voice Mail
ICT INDUSTRY GOVERNANCE OBJECTIVES

According to Hebert Kaufman, on the ‘Administrative Behaviour of Bureau Chiefs’[e], Federal
Institutions that have well articulated missions and visions, based on their legislatively mandated
goals should draw their governance objectives from the same. The NCC corporate mission
statement is “To support a market driven telecommunications industry and promote universal
access. We will achieve this through the consistent enforcement of clear and fair policies that

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protect stakeholders, ensure efficient resource management, share industry best practices and
deliver affordable, quality telecom services.”[c] The NCC corporate vision statement is “an
information rich environment, comparable globally in quality telecom service provision, regulated
by a responsive, world-class organisation.” [d]
The key question that must form the ICT Industry governance objectives of the future is “to
achieve the NCC vision and mission, how should the Commission appear to our stakeholders?” A
sample of feedback from the stakeholders in the strategic environments within which NCC plays
shows that each stakeholder expects governance performance in particular areas.
– Consumers/Citizens (Users of ICT Services): an efficient industry regulator that

effectively enforces affordable quality telecommunications services.
– Licensed ICT Operators: a fair and competent regulator that guarantees a competitive
business environment, with world class regulatory service excellence.
– Ministry of Communications: a federal institution that fully, effectively and efficiently

advises on and implements the policy of government, and can produce verifiable evidence
of its performance.
– Other Federal Institutions: a government agency that leverages institutional relationships

and inter-governmental synergy to achieve national ICT policy objectives.
– National Assembly: an accountable agency of government that has maximally utilized the
enabling laws and resources at its disposal to create public value, and can provide the
national assembly verifiable evidence of its performance.
– Presidency: the federal government’s ICT sector regulator that ensures that the sector
contributes to the vision 2020 goals in line with global best practices, and can provide the
presidency verifiable evidence of its performance.
– International Organizations: the arm of the Nigerian government that ensures that global
resolutions and mandates with respect to national and regional ICT goals and regulations
are implemented.
The NCC inverted stakeholder value pyramid illustrates the stakeholder expectations above. The
model is based on the principle[f] that the aim of regulators “in the public sector is to create public
value just as the aim of managerial work in the private sector is to create private value.”

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Figure 2 - NCC inverted stakeholder value pyramid

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NCC ICT INDUSTRY GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES AND MILESTONES
The ICT Industry governance initiatives articulate a proposed set of programmes to meet the
objective statements for each stakeholder relationship. This initiatives shall if adopted must be
reassigned within the Scorecard of executive and management owners.
NCC Stakeholder NCC Objectives NCC ICT Industry Governance MILESTONE

Initiatives
Consumers/Citizens An efficient Review industry quality 2010
(Users of ICT industry regulator expectations against standards
Services) that effectively across all ICT service areas
enforces accessible
and affordable
quality
telecommunications
services.
Develop a new industry quality
standards enforcement
programme for the
2010
Implement a new industry quality 2011-2020
standards enforcement
programme for the
Great application of Mobile and 2010-2020

Broadband Technologies to meet
Consumer needs
Review the character and nature 2010
of the major consumer complaints
Identify root causes of harms and

risks to the consumer 2010
Develop a review consumer 2010

protection enforcement
programme
Implement a reviewed consumer 2011-2020
protection enforcement

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programme
Licensed ICT A fair and Review procedures for all 2010

Operators competent regulator regulatory services to ensure they
that guarantees a meet global best practices
competitive Set new service level standards 2010
business for regulatory services
environment, with a Conduct client service surveys to 2011
world class ascertain service level compliance
regulatory service and review service delivery plan
excellence. Implement regulatory services 2011-2020
delivery plan
Ministry of A federal institution Develop format for ICT policy 2010

Communications that fully, performance reports to the
effectively and Minister
efficiently advises Initiate periodic meetings with the 2010
on and implements Minister for ICT policy and
the policy of industry performance reporting.
government, and Host a Ministerial Conference on 2011-2020
can produce the National ICT Policy Annual to
presidency provide the industry an
verifiable evidence opportunity to review policy
of its performance. performance and provide a robust
advisory base for the Minister
Other Federal A government Create a list of all agencies of 2010-2020

Institutions agency that government that are critical to
leverages NCC’s goals and set clear
institutional outcomes for each relationships
relationships and
inter-governmental

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synergy to achieve
national ICT policy
objectives.
National Assembly An accountable Initiate periodic interventions 2010-2020
agency of with Joint Committees of the
government that has National Assembly to provide
maximally utilized forum for policy and industry
the enabling laws performance reporting and
and resources at its legislative oversight.
disposal to create Develop legislative capacity 2010-2020
public value, and opportunities (via Conferences,
can produce the International Tours and
national assembly Roundtables) in the areas of ICT
verifiable evidence to increase legitimate support for
of its performance. ICT policy formulation and
development in the National
Assembly
Presidency The federal Initiate periodic Presidential ICT 2010-2020
government’s ICT policy and industry performance
sector regulator that reporting.
ensures that the
sector contributes to
the vision 2020
goals in line with
global best
practices, and can
produce the
presidency
verifiable evidence
of its performance.
International The arm of the Create a list of all International 2010
Organizations Nigerian Organizations that critical NCC’s
government that goals and define NCC’s
ensures that global obligations to each one.
resolutions and Consistently monitor and measure 2010-2020
mandates with the performance of NCC against
respect to national these International Obligations
and regional ICT
sector obligations
are implemented

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SECTION 2 - FRAMEWORK FOR REGULATORY EFFECTIVENESS

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AN ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR REGULATORY EFFECTIVENESS
The purpose of an organization framework for NCC’s regulatory effectiveness to ensure that the
Commission continues to deliver effective regulatory services its clients (the ICT Operators) and
tangible public value to its citizens (ICT service consumers).
Legitimacy of the organizational framework for regulatory effectiveness: the Nigerian
Communications Act 2003 established the NCC for the purpose of creating “an effective, impartial
and independent regulatory authority” [g].
Hence, the NCC’s operational effectiveness in the
execution of its regulatory mandate is of utmost importance.
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Benchmark/Baseline: due to the need to focus regulatory effectiveness on industry deliverables of

the liberalization and deregulation of the ICT sector, NCC’s measure of regulatory effectiveness
has be largely impact assessments and outcome analysis, which shows that the Commission’s
performance has given rise to[h]:
– Increased level of private sector participation;

– Increased range and quality of services available to citizens;
– Effective lowering of costs of acquiring and using the services;
– Increasing level playing field for service providers via the removal of bottlenecks hitherto
created by the monopoly operator;
– Drastic reduction in the waiting time for telephone installation and service delivery;
– Improved service penetration to a larger and growing number in under-served and un-
served urban, semi-urban and rural areas alike;
– Creation of direct and indirect employment opportunities for skilled, semi-skilled and
unskilled citizens;
– Additional revenue for government through spectrum and numbering fees, import duties,
VAT, etc.;
– Increased participation of the banking sector in the financing of telecommunications
network development and roll out of services;
– Increased foreign investment from private companies, international and multilateral
institutions based overseas.
There however needs to be in addition to the above types of indicators more emphasis on
regulatory effectiveness indicators in the areas of[i]:
– Compliance Rates
– Non-Compliance Rates
– Failures in ICT Service Quality
– Failures in Hardware Quality
– Failures in Software Quality
– Network Outages and Causes
– Consumer Risk
– Environmental Impact
– Enforcement Actions (number, seriousness, case disposition, penalties
– Inspections (number, nature, findings and so on)
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In recent times, some industry watchers have argued that NCC does little or no enforcement. While
this is not the fact, the lack of sufficient reports on compliance/non-compliance and industry risks
maybe the reason for position.
The NCC Value Chain:
Figure 3 - NCC VALUE CHAIN
Nigerian Communications Commission Value Chain: Two types of regulatory/public value

must be created by NCC in the business environment for the nation:
– Client Satisfaction and;
– Public Satisfaction (which comes from enforcement of regulations amongst
clients/operators
REGULATORY EFFECTIVENESS OBJECTIVES

From the industry governance inverted pyramid the regulatory effectiveness objectives to
achieve public sector value are as follows:
PUBLIC VALUE OBJECTIVES REGULATORY MILESTONES
INDICATORS EFFECTIVENESS
AUTHORIZ
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INITIATIVES
Client/ICT
Operator a fair and competent Legal and Licensing Services: 2010 -2020 (Renewable
Satisfaction regulator that Yearly)

guarantees a Develop stretch targets and service
competitive business delivery standards for effective of
environment, with a processing of License Application,
world class Award, Renewal, Revocation,
regulatory service Suspension, De-registration,
excellence Offenses, Disputes and Litigation
Spectrum Administration
Services:
Develop stretch targets and service 2010 -2020 (Renewable

delivery standards for effective of Yearly)
processing spectrum administration
services.
Technical Standards and

Network Integrity Services:
Develop stretch targets and service

2010 -2020 (Renewable
delivery standards for effective of
Yearly)
processing client requests with
respect to technical standards.
Compliance, Monitoring and

Enforcement Services: Develop
stretch targets and service delivery
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standards for effective of

processing of non-compliances,
reporting, corrective/preventive
actions and follow assessments.
2010 -2020 (Renewable
Yearly)
Consumer/Public An efficient industry Consumer Affairs and Protection 2010 -2020 (Renewable
Satisfaction regulator that Services: Yearly)
effectively enforces
affordable quality Develop stretch targets and service
telecommunications delivery standards for effective of
services. monitoring, reporting and

processing of consumer rights
violations, with corresponding
service standards for penalties and
prosecution.
The regulatory effectiveness initiatives comes from baseline indicators used by the United Nations
and the World Bank for measuring the effectiveness of regulations, which include turnaround
times for obtaining licenses, approvals and permits.

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SECTION 3 - CONVERGENCE OF ICT REGULATORY FUNCTIONS

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FRAMEWORK FOR CONVERGENCE OF ICT REGULATORY FUNCTIONS

The purpose of this framework is to deal with the challenge of regulating the sector in the light of
the convergence of information and communication technology. This convergence of ICT has
resulted in overlaps in regulatory functions between the NCC and the NBC.
The legitimacy of the convergence of regulation
Globally, technology innovation is a key driver that has changed, and continues to change, the
future of the ICT Sector. This has become especially true within the telecommunications industry
due to the changes in the market and industry structure. All Nigerian ICT watchers agree that the
above indicators accurately describe today’s national telecommunications industry landscape. It has
therefore become an imperative to look at more innovative regulatory tools and policies as a means
for surviving the current industry changes, as well as any future changes.
Today, the major driving force of the industry is the need to create new revenue streams outside of
traditional telecom. The highest potential for this opportunity exists in the convergence of
telecommunications; communications and information technology (see Figure below). Broadband
Technology is at the centre of ICT convergence and development of broadband is the number one
ICT agenda in the leading telecommunications economies globally (See section on Broadband
Framework)

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CONVERGENCE TRIANGLE
Convergence Triangle [k]

Benchmark: The Convergence of ICT - Convergence of Regulation
The convergence of ICT in advanced economies has led to a convergence of ICT regulation and
policy over the last 2 decades. The UK Government created a single independent regulator, the
Office of Communications (Ofcom), UK, to oversee all national ICT regulatory and enforcement
powers and functions,. Similarly, The United States of America transmuted all its national ICT
regulatory and enforcement powers into the Federal Communications. Our studies show a
characteristic S-curve, which is in line with the S-curve theory that says every technology or
industry has a rate of inception, adoption, and decline (see Figure below). In the classic S-curve
model, there is a long, slow development-and-acceptance period, until the product or service
reaches an inflection point and suddenly surges. Innovations power products up the steep part of
the S-curve. It should be noted that the most effective convergence experiments of regulatory and
enforcement functions globally were implemented at the height of their Industry Growth Curve.
Nigeria is already witnessing a massive flood of convergent technologies and cutting edge
innovation.

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S-Curve Diagram [l]

The introduction of next generation convergent ICTs into the Nigerian Industry has created several
overlaps between the regulatory and enforcement functions of NCC and NBC. The ICT Policy and
Agenda for the future must provide a regulatory framework that deals with these areas of
multiplicity and over-regulation.
Strategic Options for the Convergence in Regulation (Eliminating regulatory overlaps)
- Total Convergence: this requires the integration of all ICT regulatory and enforcement
powers and functions into one Regulatory and Enforcement Agency, as in the case of
Ofcom, UK and FCC, USA. In countries like India and China ICT regulatory and
enforcement powers and functions are retained in the Ministries of Information and
Communications. In this case a merger between NCC and NBC.
- Partial Convergence: this requires the redistribution of all ICT regulatory and
enforcement powers and functions into a logical framework in which functions are
allocated to more than one regulator without creating areas of overlaps. This is the case in
Ghana and South Africa. In this case a realignment of regulatory functions between NCC
and NBC to match the new reality.
Strategic Initiatives

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There are six main initiatives that are necessary in implementing total or partial convergence of
regulation.
- A national policy that is informed clearly by the global trend and the need for convergence
of regulation (NCC may need to provide critical input in this regard into the ongoing
national policy review)
- Identification of areas of overlaps and multiplicity of regulation
- Decision about whether convergence of regulation will be total (resulting in only one
agency of government regulating all aspects of ICT) or partial.
- Cultural integration of organizations that presently share ICT regulatory and enforcement
powers and functions, with a view to ensure the same level of efficiencies in sector
regulation
- Review of structure of government agencies that presently share ICT regulatory and
enforcement powers and functions.
- Review of all regulatory and enforcement processes of the organizations and agencies with
the objective of achieving maximal regulatory effectiveness and operational efficiencies.
Milestones
Convergence of information and communication technology has resulted in the need for broadband
technology development, which is the platform and infrastructure of the 21st century. If Nigeria,
will achieve its vision 2020 goals, NCC must ensure that the organization framework for reducing
overlaps is put in place. The proposed milestones are recommended.
- Ensure the convergence of regulation policy goes into the review of the National ICT
Policy (2010).
- Start organizational alignment talks between NCC and NBC (2010).
- Streamline regulatory functions between NCC and NBC (2011).
- Resulting unified regulatory arrangement to drive broadband policy more efficiently (2011-
2020).

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SECTION 4 - FRAMEWORK FOR BROADBAND DEVELOPMENT
FRAMEWORK FOR BROADBAND DEVELOPMENT

The objective of the framework is to provide a roadmap for the accelerated development of
broadband in Nigeria. High-speed internet access has developed rapidly in the last decade and is
increasingly viewed as essential infrastructure for our global information economy. Most
communications sector analysts concur that the ability to deliver broadband communications is a
critical feature of the modern global communications infrastructure. A basic functional definition
of broadband is a high bandwidth (throughput) connection to the Internet, generally more than 256
KB. The data communications subsector now defines broadband to mean all connections speeds
that routinely greater than 1 Mbps. There are no uniform standards for Broadband connectivity and
various countries follow various standards. From instance, the Indian broadband policy considers
“high speed Internet from 64 kilobits per second (kbps) onwards and an always-on high speed
Internet access at 128 kbps” to be ‘Broadband’ [m].
Legitimacy of Broadband Development Framework

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Broadband services began to be rolled out in the last half of the 1990s. In the early days, broadband
adoption was relatively low and lacked critical mass, thus limiting the realized benefits of
complementary broadband-specific content and services. With the development of the worldwide
internet culture in the 2000s and the massive online movement of social networks platforms
ranging from YouTube, Skype, Face Book, to Twitter and a range of other more sophisticated
Workflow Software applications (that stimulated Asia’s capacity for off-shoring and outsourcing a
significant portion of technical and professional work from the UK and the USA), new bandwidth
requirements of a exponentially higher order of capacity and magnitude was created.
In Nigeria, the ICT industry performance over the last ten years accentuates the potential of
ubiquitous broadband service in the growth of GDP and enhancement in quality of life through
societal applications including tele-education, tele-medicine, e-governance, entertainment as well
as employment generation by way of high speed access to information and web-based
communication, hence, the imperative for NCC to put in place regulations to accelerate the growth
of broadband services.
Model of the Broadband Development Framework

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BROADBAND DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES, INITIATIVES AND MILESTONES
– Broadband Connectivity: To meet National ICT requirements, NCC must drive a

broadband connectivity agenda that should guarantee that all of the Nigerian population by
the year 2020 has access to “an ‘always-on’ data connection that is able to support
interactive services including Internet access and has the capability of the Minimum
Download Speed of 1 Mbps to All Nigerians by 2014 and 50 Mbps by 2020.
Why Minimum Download Speed of 1 Mbps to All Nigerians by 2014 and 50 Mbps by
2020?
To estimate the benchmark speed of minimum download speed of 1 Mbps to All Nigerians
by 2014 and 50 Mbps by 2020, we examined four policy questions:
What broadband speeds are countries aiming for in their national plans?
How are various nations paying for necessary broadband investments?
What new applications become available at various broadband speeds?
– How valuable do other national populations see broadband for the economy, social
connections, civic engagement, and public sector service delivery?
While countries vary in size, population density, industry structure, regulatory

environment, demographic makeup, and cultural patterns, broadband demand patterns are
strikingly familiar. So despite obvious differences, Nigeria can learn valuable lessons from
other countries. We can see what other places are attempting in terms of new ideas and
possible benefits to be gained from high-speed broadband.
“In terms of speed, South Korea has the most ambitious national goal in terms of future
broadband traffic. It is seeking to raise broadband speed to 1 gigabyte per second. Australia
and Finland are aiming for 100 Mbps, while Germany has a stated target of 50 Mbps by
2014. These countries are pushing for high speeds because they see them as necessary for
new health, education, energy, and civic engagement applications.

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The challenge for most nations is how to improve access, open networks, and pay for faster
service. In the USA for instance, the Federal Communications Commission estimates that
it will require $350 billion to provide universal broadband coverage in the United States at
100 Mbps, yet the public investment authorized as part of the economic stimulus package
is only $7.2 billion. The American public sector investment is the highest in the world. As
a point of contrast, Japan is spending $3.7 billion; Australia is devoting $3 billion, Canada
has budgeted $150 million, Finland $130 million, and Spain is spending $90 million.”[o]
No matter the national broadband goal, almost every nation realizes that encouraging
greater private sector investment is key to realizing the long-term benefits of broadband.
The Vision 2020 National Strategic Agenda from where the National ICT Policy draws its
objectives requires that Nigeria has a digital infrastructure that supports the goal of being
one of the top twenty global economies by the year 2020. The digital infrastructure which
must deliver faster connection speeds is vital to take advantage of new digital tools such as
GIS mapping, telemedicine, virtual reality, online games, supercomputing, video on
demand, and video conferencing. New developments in health information technology and
mobile health, such as emailing X-rays and other medical tests, require high-speed
broadband. And distance learning, civic engagement, and smart energy grids require
sufficient bandwidth. Hence, the NCC’s agenda in setting broadband connectivity goals
must be based on empirical evidence of our national consumption.
According to the OECD (2008), the top bandwidth required for various applications runs as
high as 18 Mbps for high definition television, 14 Mbps for online games, 13.5 Mbps for
video on demand and Internet Protocol TV, and 13.4 Mbps for video conferencing. As
these applications gain popularity, it will increase the demand for high-speed broadband.
OECD TABLE BELOW PRESENTS INDICATORS OF CONNECTION SPEED

FOR APPLICATIONS THAT ARE INCREASING IN DEMAND BY A LARGE
SEGMENT OF THE CONSUMER POPULATION.
Top Bandwidth speed required for various Digital Content Applications
High Definition Television 18 Mbps
Online Games 14 Mbps

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Video on Demand 13.5 Mbps
Internet Protocol Television 13.5 Mbps
Video Conference 13.4 Mbps
Virtual Worlds 9 Mbps
Web Browsing 4 Mbps
Audio Streaming 1.5 Mbps
Voice Calls 0.5 Mbps
Since the question of broadband speeds is one of national aspiration it may be critical to
consider what other nations targets and realities are. A Workers of America Study in
2009[p], found that South Korea had the highest average download speed of 20.4 Mbps,
followed by Japan (15.8 Mbps), Sweden (12.8 Mbps), the Netherlands (11.0 Mbps),
Germany (around 9 Mbps), and the United States (5.1 Mbps). In the same vein, NCC needs
to set very clear broadband goals taking into cognizance the Vision 2020 goals and the
digital infrastructure that are prerequisites to reaching them.
In 2009, Qiang, Christine Zhen-Wei, in the World Bank white paper on “Broadband
Infrastructure in Stimulus Packages: Relevance for Developing Countries,” provided an
outline for developing countries seeking to accelerate broadband development. One of the
foremost insights of this report is that developing countries must set informed national
broadband goals. Consider Qiang’s analysis of national broadband goals below.

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BENCHMARKING NATIONAL BROADBAND REQUIREMENTS FOR GOAL SETTING
The January 2010 NCC sponsored Pyramid Research Report on “The Impact of Mobile Services In
Nigeria: How mobile technologies are enabling transformation across economic and social
activities”[s], provides strong indication that national broadband requirements for the next 10 years
may well be benchmarked at between 35 Mbps – 50 Mbps. Due to the rapid ICT integration goals
that has been driven by approximately $14 Billion in the last ten years. Hence, our proposal for
a National Broadband Goal of Minimum Download Speed of 1 Mbps to all Nigerians by 2014
and 50 Mbps by 2020.

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– Broadband Technology Options: in order to guarantee accelerated broadband

deployment there is a need to set strategic priorities on commercially viable options for
digital infrastructure. Central to the idea of technology options for digital infrastructure is
its vital role in long-term economic, social, and civic development. Just as we need a strong
national intermodal transport systems and viable mass transit, we require accessible and
affordable broadband so that businesses and consumers can reap the benefits of broadband
and wireless technology. In order to meet the proposed broadband goal, NCC must
facilitate utilization of Various access technologies, inter-alia, are:
(a) Optical Fibre Technologies

The fibre optics technology can provide nearly unlimited bandwidth potential and is
steadily replacing copper network specially in intra-city backbone networks. This is
already being deployed in commercial buildings and complexes and some metros / big
cities having high-density potential broadband subscribers. Hybrid Fibre Coaxial (HFC),
Fibre to the Curb (FTTC) and Fibre to the Home (FTTH) networks make use of fibre
cabling into the last mile. The fibre based models are future proof as they are able to
provide huge amounts of bandwidth in the last mile as well as provide a true IP and
converged network that can deliver high quality voice, data and video.

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With the increase in commercial availability of fibre technologies, the cost of fibre rollout
is approaching the cost of other wired networks. Spread of optical fibre networks should
be emphasised keeping in view the long-term perspective. This would require that
NCC review of the cost and sources of funding for optical fibre networks rollout plans
and the inherent collocation challenges. It has been severally proposed that instead of
the ICT Operators individually laying ducts for fibre optics, an ICT Infrastructure
provider (s) should be licensed to lay all the ducts nationwide and lease ducts to ICT
operators under a managed collocation agreement, This will significantly drop the
costs of fibre optic technology deployment.
(b) Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) on copper loop:

DSL has proved to be an important technology for provisioning of Broadband services
through the copper loop. The owners of copper loop have to be given a high priority
because their role is critical as key drivers in the Broadband service market using DSL.
Recognising that last mile copper loop is not a ‘bottleneck facility’ for broadband
services, access providers should be encouraged by the NCC to enter into mutually
agreed commercial arrangements for utilization of available copper loop for
expansion of broadband services. The owner of local loop should be encouraged to
decide the areas in which investment is to be made to upgrade the infrastructure for
Broadband services. The information regarding the areas in which Broadband services are
being offered by a service provider shall be available in the public domain. It is hoped that
other access service providers would also provide broadband connections using their
copper in a targeted manner. A constructive review of their performance shall also be
undertaken on an annual basis.
(c) Cable TV Network
It is noted that cable TV connection as last mile infrastructure reaches more people than
even the telephone copper infrastructure and can be leveraged in providing cable operators
a new business model while giving a stimulus to Broadband penetration. Therefore, Cable

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TV network can be used as franchisee network of the service provider for

provisioning Broadband services. However, all responsibilities for ensuring
compliance of terms & conditions of the licence should vest with the Licensee. The
terms of franchise agreement between Licensee and his franchisee can be settled
mutually by negotiation between the two parties involved. This is one of areas where
clearer alignment between the NCC and NBC would add value in achievement of
national goals.
(d) Satellite Media

Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSAT) and Direct-to-Home(DTH) services should
be encouraged for penetration of Broadband and Internet services with the added
advantage to serve remote and inaccessible areas.
The NCC maybe in a better position following the failure of the national satellite
programme to insist that Government to make available transponder capacity for VSAT
services at competitive rates after taking into consideration the security requirements and
not consider another satellite project until the question of sustainable power supply and
provisioning has be sorted out. Pending when Nigeria is able to launch a viable National
Satellite programme, the NCC should encourage arrangements with other Satellite
providers that guarantee that we achieve our Vision 2020 objectives. These arrangements
can be adjusted and reviewed when the nation’s satellite programme is up and running.
VSAT service providers should be permitted to transmit data of larger capacities and
limits should be reviewed, particularly for a Closed User Group domestic VSAT network.
This increased data rate will allow new applications like bulk data transfer for software
industry, high-speed backhaul links, in-house training using audio-visual etc. NCC should
encourage reduction in antenna size to enable easy installation, lower space occupancy,
lower cost of hardware etc. NCC should consider the reduction in antenna size to 1.2
metres and 2.4 metres for star network and mesh network respectively in extended C-band.
In Ku-band also, 1 metre diameter antenna in star network should be considered. To keep
pace with technological advances, this shall be periodically reviewed.

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The Technical Standards Department of the NCC may also consider several other
related measures in hardware options and type specifications that increase
broadband viability.
(e) Terrestrial Wireless
Recognising that terrestrial wireless is another upcoming technology platform for

Broadband, NCC has demonstrated its commitment to the development of broadband in
Nigeria with the issuance of one licence for the provision of Mobile, Fixed and Broadband
services in 2007, and award of four UMTS licences for 10MHz blocks in the 2GHz band,
and further successful auction of three licences for 20MHz slots of WiMAX spectrum in the
2.3GHz band in 2009. This commitment must be sustained in order to attain our
national development goals. There is a need to review this option critically and get
clear goals for its contribution towards the achievement of National Broadband goals.
To accelerate penetration of Broadband and Internet all alternative spectrum bands
which are not in high usage and can be deployed for Broadband services, should also
be explored and identified.
(f) Future Technologies
In the changing technology scenario, there is a possibility of new options being used for
provisioning of Broadband services. These technologies can also be utilised for
provisioning of such services within the licensing framework of the service provider and
the spectrum management and administration regulations.
– Broadband Technology Development Stimulus Programme

The actualization of the proposed national broadband goal would require approximately
$30-$40 billion in direct investment. This significant financing need makes the
development of a well articulated funding strategy essential.
Broadband Financing Models and Universal Service Funding Strategies

Some countries view broadband investment as a public good to be financed either by the
central government or in conjunction with ICT companies. Public officials in these places
have placed a high priority on high-speed broadband and provided direct resources or

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indirect incentives for those investments. The Japanese Ministry of Communications and
the Nippon Telegraph and Telephone company, for example, worked together to develop
fast broadband. A similar phenomenon happened in South Korea through KT, a company
that combined Korea Telecom with KTF, a wireless carrier. Korea has the highest
bandwidth of any nation because Kepco, its utility company, developed a fiber-optic cable
network many years ago for its own use, and now leases the unused 90 percent of this
network to service providers. Between KT and Kepco, consumers can purchase high-speed
broadband for $25 a month (Herz, 2006). With cheap and speedy broadband, it is estimated
that nearly all Koreans have access to fast broadband service.
Between 1995 and 2005, the Korean government invested $900 million in broadband and
this stimulated $32.6 billion in private technology investment (Qianq, Rossotto, and
Kimura, 2009). Public officials aggressively pushed high-speed applications in government
and business. This sparked substantial increases in consumer demand. In exchange for the
government dollars, private companies were required to connect public institutions
(Williams, 2009). Of course, Korea has benefitted from a set of favorable conditions not
present in other countries. It has high population density and a homogeneous population
that make it affordable to provide Internet service. Whereas the United States has 31 people
per square kilometer, Korea has 476 and Japan has 337 (Kim, Moon, and Yang, 2004).
Over 70 percent of Koreans reside in half a dozen cities. Its broadband backbone contains
13,670 miles of fiber-optic lines, less than what Verizon has in the state of West Virginia
alone (Herz, 2006). Apartment buildings in Korea have rental rates based on bandwidth
capacity and enterprising owners with fast pipes pitch Internet speed as a way to convince
people to live in their units.
Most other nations have opted for a broadband system based mainly on private investment.
The idea is that governments should not finance or compel commercial carriers to
undertake broadband investment unless the latter see market conditions that are conducive
to these kinds of investments. This allows companies to make relevant decisions based on
their perceptions regarding return on investment.
Historically, the United States has relied on private companies for the bulk of broadband
infrastructure. AT&T, for example, has invested over $44 billion in the last two years
building a broadband and wireless network. Verizon has spent nearly $43 billion, while

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Comcast has invested $14 billion, Sprint $10 billion, and T-Mobile $8.5 billion. These
investments have created networks to which 63 percent of Americans have home access
(Pew Internet & American Life Project, 2009).
A recent report by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission estimated that it would
cost $350 billion to create 100 Mbps universal broadband coverage in the United States
(FCC report, 2009). With the federal government investing only $7.2 billion from the
economic stimulus package, it is apparent that the vast bulk of the American infrastructure
funding will come from the private sector.
A serious challenge for most countries has been bringing service to rural areas with low
population densities or other under-served geographic places. The cost of wiring the “last
mile” is high because of low concentrations of people and limited demand for service. It is
here whether the public sector in most countries has played a significant role. According to
Qiang (2009a), “for the goal of universal coverage of broadband services, countries are
spending larger public funding for rolling out high-speed networks to areas that are
underserved or unserved by commercial internet service providers. The Finnish
government plans to foot one-third of such costs. Others are contracting commercial
providers to build the network with service obligations through a competitive bidding
process (e.g. France, Ireland, Japan and Singapore). The EU, US and members of the
African Telecommunications Union (ATU) are adding resources to existing rural
development or universal service.”
NCC Infrastructure Financing and Funding Models for Broadband Development

In order to facilitate universal access and service provision and accelerate ICT penetration,
in line with ITU benchmarks and Vision 2020 mandates, more funding for infrastructure is
required. While there has been significant foreign direct investment, it is estimated that the
ICT Sector still requires an estimated $10billion to meet projections of growth by 2014 and
an additional $30 billion to meet 2020 projections. Also with the several NCC initiatives
USPF, WIN, SABI and National Rural Telephony project, the insufficiencies both in
funding capacity and operational capabilities to maximize existing funds are still evident.
Broadband financing must be designed to provide a set of funding options that taps into
several global, regional and national sources of funding. This should include a clearer
strategy for the utilization of the existing Universal Service Provision Fund. The following
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proposed guiding principles should be considered by the NCC for the development of a
National Broadband Development Fund and the maximization of Universal Service
Provision Fund:
- The NCC should consider approaching the Federal Government, Central Bank and
Ministry of Finance to discuss the possibility of Government making an investment
into Broadband Development Fund which would include, but not be limited to the
USPF.
- The NCC should further consider inviting global financial institutions to participate
in the Broadband Development Fund as equity partners.
- Funding through the Universal Service Provision Fund must be disbursed via
reputable financial institutions that have core competence in fund arrangement and
technically sound project finance units equipped to provide support for
telecommunications companies in Nigeria.
- Financial institutions must have a sound track record in providing credit facilities
to telecommunication companies.
- The NCC should facilitate the increase of its Universal Service Provision Fund
(USPF) funding capacity by leveraging existing funds to access Global Export and
Import (EXIM) Funds (and other international infrastructure development funds
targeted at emerging economies) via identified reputable financial institutions, to
whatever sum is necessary to meet set economic targets, ensuring that the financial
institutions meet all credit risk management requirements.
- The selected reputable financial institutions should lend from the USPF domiciled
with them to telecommunication operators at single digit interest rates. These
single digit interest rates shall provide incentives for to achievement of universal
access to ICT.
- Telecommunication operators that will benefit from this Broadband Development
Fund should show commitments in their rollout plans to match and meet prescribed
universal access and national broadband goals.
- The National Broadband Development Fund should have a 5-10 year tenure to
align with the structure of OPEX and ROI profiles within the ICT Sector.
- The National Broadband Development Fund commitment shall be rigorously
monitored to ensure that operators deliver and deploy services at the agreed
milestones and within time frames. There must be strict penalties and punitive
monetary measures for non-compliance.
Page 48 of 65
- The National Broadband Development Fund shall take into consideration the
equity/debt profile of ICT operates seeking funding opportunities.
– Broadband technology related indigenous capacity

It is a priority for national development to ensure that as we deploy broadband technology
to meet our proposed national broadband goals that we consider the building indigenous
capacity in the areas of manpower development and local content, education and research,
energy provisioning capacity and manufacturing capabilities for some broadband related
hardware and software.
Manpower Development and Local Content Capacity
In line with global practices in ICT manpower and local content development, the NCC
should outline a clear set of initiatives to guarantee that Nigerians are trained, equipped,
qualified and positioned to design, manufacture, build, deploy, manage and maintain the
ICT networks of the future. Having already shown the potential for generating employment
and having contributed significantly to slowing the rate of unemployment, which presently
is at 14%, there is a need for the vibrant ICT sector to contribute more by reducing capital
flight through local content development. The manpower and local content development
agenda should, amongst other things, focus on:
- Transforming the Digital Bridge Institute (DIB) [which serves as the National
Institute for Telecommunication] into a fully fledged University, benchmarked
against the leading ICT Institutions globally, offering education in the core
management and technical areas of ICT.
- Development and Promotion of National ICT Occupational Competency

Requirements to be incorporated by the Nigerian Universities Commission (NUC)
for inclusion into all existing programmes of universities that specifically provide
education for ICT professionals.

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- In collaboration with national professional bodies, facilitate the regulation and

practice of engineering to incorporate the National ICT Occupational
Competency Requirements within their continuing professional programmes,
and ensure that the accreditation standards of engineers are reviewed to meet new
ICT industry demands for designing, manufacturing, building, deploying,
managing and maintaining the ICT networks of the future.
- Facilitate and promote the National ICT Occupational Competency

Requirements amongst ICT Operators to ensure that all staff within their licensed
operating business environment have met the requirements for the jobs they are
doing; that where competency gaps have be identified there is a manpower
development and training plan to close those gaps; that where operations have been
outsourced due to insufficient local competence that there is evidence of a
competence and skill transfer policy, programme and timeline, with verifiable
indicators and that these obligations are clearly articulated in a documented
Organizational Manpower Development Programme.
- Set up and regulate manning levels within operating firms in the ICT Sector to
guarantee that jobs for which Nigerians are suitably qualified, as defined by the
National ICT Occupational Competency Requirements, are met and that they
are following the policy guidelines in (d), which may be further reviewed based on
a well defined, stakeholder informed ICT local content agenda, wherein manning
levels of local and foreign content are specified.
- Telecommunications companies shall be encouraged to train indigenous personnel

and support the Digital Bridge Institute, universities and polytechnics.
- Universities, polytechnics and technical colleges shall be encouraged to offer

courses in telecommunications engineering and management. The National
Universities Commission (NUC) and the National Board for Technical Education
(NBTE) shall ensure compliance with this policy objective.

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ICT Education and Research to match National Broadband Goals – Digital Bridge
Institute Transformational Programme: The strategic thrust of the Digital Bridge
Institute should be its transformation into the University of Information and
Communications Technology. The ICT Education and Research Programme shall,
however, be extended to include:
- The allocation of a percentage of NCC’s revenue for the development of a state-of-the-art
University of Information and Communications Technology, which will have the mandate
to educate the present and future manpower of the sector and lead futuristic research into
the next generation ICT innovations.
- Ensuring that National ICT Research imperatives are congruent with the growth of the
telecommunications sector and the Vision 2020 Mandates of the Federal Republic of
Nigeria.
- Developing the National ICT Occupational Competency Requirements as a strategic

tool for defining education programme design, curriculum content and research design and
development programmes.
- Ensuring the annual review of the National ICT Occupational Competency

Requirements to meet new and emerging challenges of the ICT Sector.
Collaborating for Power Solutions for Broadband Growth
Power is a fundamental requirement of a vibrant ICT Sector. Accordingly, NCC shall

facilitate, advocate and where possible promote access to stable power for
telecommunications/ICT operators, particularly those in the business of international and
national long distance transport and mobile services. Due to the central and strategic nature
ICT plays in driving almost every sector of the economy today, sustainable power shall be
aggressively pursued within a Public-Private Sector Partnership. The power requirements
of broadband technologies are sizeable and hence, require a special place in the

Page 51 of 65
provisioning priorities. It is central to national broadband goals that the energy

requirements for the sector are considered to be a fundamental prerequisite for success.
Domestic Development and Facilitation of ICT Manufacturing Clusters
The NCC should work in conjunction with the State Governments, the Ministry of
Commerce and Industry to work out modalities for attracting investments in the area of
domestic production of telecommunications equipment, components and software to meet
local and export demands. In order to achieve this objective, NCC should:
- Work with ICT operators to define the hardware and software requirements for the
achievement of our proposed national broadband goals for the next ten years.
- Consult with a wide spectrum of telecommunications suppliers in Nigeria as to the
type of operating environment they would desire to be able to make the huge
investments in the area of manufacturing capabilities.
- Provide a sufficient awareness as to the investment potential and capacity of ICT
manufacturing clusters to create jobs for Nigerians.
- Facilitate pilot projects with the private sector on some broadband related
components (towers, optic fibre cables, computers, computer components,
software etc.)
SECTION 5 - REGULATING ICT INDUSTRY QUALITY STANDARDS

Page 52 of 65
FRAMEWORK FOR REGULATING ICT INDUSTRY QUALITY STANDARDS

The NCC is the regulator of standards of quality of service, and quality has never been more
important in the Nigerian ICT Sector. The cost of quality failures to the operators, consumers and
nation is evidently far greater than the cost of preventing failures.
Legitimacy of the Systems Approach to Quality Regulation and Enforcement

According to Chapter IV, Part I of Nigerian Communications Act on Consumer Protection and
Quality of Service the regulation of quality of service is a major responsibility of the NCC.
Benchmark on Systems Approach to Quality Regulation and Enforcement

Global best practices point to the fact that developing countries have a better chance of surviving
the intense global competition by enforcing not just service standard checks, but quality
management system requirements and compliance checks. A systems approach to enforcing quality
of service impacted significantly on ICT economies in Asia, from where Nigeria is increasingly
importing most of its telecommunications hardware and software. This national systems approach
to quality enforcement has been the driver for Asian telecommunications sector capacity to deliver
world class products and services. The result is has been the development of a unique, robust
quality management system that drives continual improvement and business excellence. The
proposed ICT Industry-wide Quality Management System is a hybrid of all ITU
telecommunications quality requirements, ISO 9001:2008 basic requirements for a quality
management system and TL 9000 global telecommunications business excellence standards.
NCC should pursue the goal of global telecommunications quality and industry-wide performance
excellence through baseline quality management systems requirements. The Commission can
accomplish this goal in three ways:

Page 53 of 65
• By defining system requirements for the design, development, production, delivery,
installation and maintenance of telecom products and services and also providing a
measurement system that allows companies to track performance and improve results
• By eliminating the need for multiple quality management standards, which reduces the
cost of doing business and ultimately results in better products and services to consumers
• By providing a consistent set of quality expectations to drive efficiency and
performance across the global telecom supply chain
This Systems Approach benefits the whole ICT Industry;

– By creating a national system for benchmarking telecommunications quality, using
telecommunications specific measurements.
– By creating a new level of strategic telecoms business leaders that have the resources to
execute business excellence.
– By growing the capacity of telecom suppliers to respond and exceed the needs,
requirements and expectations of the customer.
The key operational benefits of this Systems Approach to telecoms suppliers are, it:
– Decreases costs of product life cycle management, audits, supplier

management expenses, and general operations
– Delivers improvements in
o Performance in manufacturing and service
o Productivity
o Reliability of processes and production
o Life-cycle management
o Supply chain efficiencies
o Employee teamwork
– Increases the efficiency of external audits and site visits
– Ensures operational consistency
– Quantifies performance results
The Consumer Relationship benefits of this Systems Approach to telecoms suppliers are it:

Page 54 of 65
– Provides access to a greater customer base

– Enhances competitive positioning
– Improves customer service and overall satisfaction
– Establishes a method to gather and measure quality and performance data
– Demonstrates a commitment to product quality and customer value through focus on cycle-
time reductions; on-time deliveries; return rates; reliability; and defect elimination
– Demonstrates the company’s accountability and focus on continual improvement
– Enables the development of stronger customer/supplier relationships
Model of the Systems Approach to Quality Regulation and Enforcement
The global requirements for Telecommunications and ICT quality excellence can be illustrated
with the model below:
This Systems Approach provides both a management and measurement system comprised of
the two parts that cover the following areas:
– All requirements clauses of the International Standards ISO 9001:2000

Page 55 of 65
– Telecom-specific requirements that apply to all ICT operators
– Telecom-specific requirements that apply to hardware, software and/or service

providers/operators
– Telecom industry measurements that apply in all ICT operators
– Telecom industry measurements that apply in certain product categories specific to

hardware, software and/or services
The Requirements
– would include all of ISO 9001:2008 and
– an additional 90 telecom specific requirements in the areas of document

requirements; customer focus; planning; responsibility, authority, and
communication; human resources; work environment; planning of product
realization; customer related processes; design and development; purchasing;
product and service provision; control of monitoring and measuring devices;
monitoring and measurement; analysis of data; and improvement
The proposed ICT Industry-wide Quality Management System identifies performance

measurements that are key in the telecom industry:
– Common measurements: the number of problems reported to the organization by

customers (NPR), the performance of the organization in fixing problems (FRT
and OFR), and the ability of the organization to deliver its products and services
when the customer wants them (OTD).
– Outage measurements: Outages apply to systems (SO), network elements (NEO),

and engineering or installation caused outages (EIO). The outages are measured in
events and normalized duration for both organization and customer responsible
events.
– Hardware measurements: Measures the amount of product returned to

organizations by customers over three shipment periods: early period (ERI), one
year (YRR), and long term (LTR). Also measures the normalized one year return
rate (NYR).
Page 56 of 65
– Software measurements: Software Fix Quality (SFQ) measures the quality of

software fixes delivered to the field. Software Problem Reports (SPR)
– Service quality measurements: The service quality (SQ) is a measure of

conformance of a service
NATIONAL QUALITY MEASUREMENTS AND BENCHMARKING REPOSITORY

SYSTEM
In order to implement this system, NCC shall maintain an online repository system to which all
ICT operators will be required to report monthly telecommunications quality performance
measurements, based on pre-determined counting rules and quality criteria. The Online Repository
should a multi-user portal with the capacity to give every ICT operators in Nigeria an account with
a log-in interface.
The data submitted online has the following purposes:
- Provides the basis for accountability
- Reporting quality performance as it occurs
- Points to quality issues which maybe further investigated during enforcement visits
- Provides a basis for Industry quality performance benchmarking and ranking
- Provides a basis for validating root causes of service or product failures during
enforcement visits
- Provides the data for trend analysis for identifying patterns of quality failures and
developing an industry-wide strategy

Page 57 of 65
NATIONAL ICT INDUSTRY QUALITY MANAGEMENT AUDIT PROGRAMME
The NCC would need to develop the enforcement capabilities to conduct surveillance audits to
guarantee that all operators comply and continue to do so. Therefore a National ICT Industry
Quality Management Audit Programme should be integrated into the National Monitoring and
Enforcement Programme as it presently exists. The purpose of the Audit Programme is to provide
evidence that operators have conformed to the quality requirements for their category of operations
and show adequate records to confirm that the reports submitted to the NCC on a monthly basis are
accurate. The NCC should develop sanctions for penalizing defaulters and a reward system for
acknowledging operators that maintain the highest standards of telecommunications quality and
business excellence. Hence, NCC should institute an Annual Award for ICT Quality and Business
Excellence.
Annual Award for ICT Quality and Business Excellence

At the end of each year and the corresponding audit programme for that year, the NCC
Management Committee for the Annual Award for ICT Quality and Business Excellence, where
reports on the ranking and benchmarking based on the reports submitted by the operators and
verified by the NCC would form the basis of Committee’s choice.

Page 58 of 65
NATIONAL ICT INDUSTRY QUALITY INITIATIVES AND MILESTONES

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Development of the
Systems Approach to
Quality Enforcement
Framework
Conduct Training for
NCC Staff
Conduct Training and
Awareness Workshops
for the ICT Industry
Build Online National
Quality Measurements
and Benchmarking
Repository System
Test Run Online National

and Benchmarking
Repository System
Launch Online National
and Benchmarking
Repository System
Develop National ICT
Industry Quality
Management Audit
Programme
Implement First Annual

National ICT Industry
Quality Management
Audit Programme

Page 59 of 65
Conduct Benchmark and

Ranking Exercise
Run and Improve
National Quality
Management Framework
yearly
CONCLUSION
The globalizing forces of information and communication technology and its corresponding digital
infrastructure are defining the new competitive advantage of nations. Nigeria’s vision of being the
in the top twenty economies in the world is possible with the vigorous and committed execution of
the national broadband development goals, with the Nigerian Communications Commission
serving as the driver of the next level of ICT revolution. This ten year agenda would require a new
organizational paradigm, a new level of operational effectiveness and a new level of regulatory
efficiency. The critical success factor of this agenda is without doubt the institutional and human
capital readiness of NCC itself. Readiness that can be measured in the following:
Leadership: the ICT sector achievements of the last ten years have been a function of effective
leadership at the Nigerian Communications Commission. It will take effective leadership
succession and disciplined visionary leadership to achieve the mandates in this agenda.
“Success in today’s business environment requires that a company’s leaders have the
ability to create a vision of the organization’s future direction as well as the course it
needs to take to get there”. Center for Simplified Strategic Planning
Execution: NCC would require a management team that is committed to translating our national
vision into results and sector performance. Performance is executing the strategy, thus delivering a
projected and expected outcome that raises the value of all stakeholders. Nothing else would do in
this era of globalization.

Page 60 of 65
“Less than 10% of strategies effectively formulated are effectively executed”
Fortune Magazine
“In 70% of failures the real problem isn’t bad strategy….It’s bad execution”
“Why CEO’s Fail”, Fortune Magazine
Talent and People: NCC would need a dedicated, motivated and professional workforce that are
committed to this strategic agenda and are entrenched in the practice of getting things done.
“Strategic success comes not simply from crafting sound strategy and implementation
plans. Both are essential ingredients, but results come from activities that people engage
in. Your people can only deliver good strategic results if you ensure that they align their
actions closely with the course and direction, implementation plans, and priorities
established in your strategic planning process”.
Jack Welch, Former CEO General Electric
National Vision: At the heart of every feat of national greatness lies a core commitment by
a group of people to aspire to something more than themselves. The promise of the Vision
2020 which will be driven by a state-of-the-art digital infrastructure that must deliver faster
connection speeds for cutting edge digital tools like GIS mapping, telemedicine, virtual
reality, online games, supercomputing, video on demand, and video conferencing, is an
aspiration that will demand the greater recesses of Nigerian genius. We can develop into a
nation where new developments in health information technology and mobile health,
distance learning and education and smart energy grids are possible and available to all, if
only this national vision is owned by everyone at the NCC, Ministry of Communications
and the country as a whole. This is the mandate of the this agenda seeks to achieve.

Page 61 of 65
BIBLIOGRAPHY
a. http://www.nv2020.org/?ThematicAreas
b. http://www.nv2020.org/?IParameters
c. http://www.ncc.gov.ng/
Page 62 of 65
d. http://www.ncc.gov.ng/
e. Herbert Kaufan, The Administrative Behavior of Federal Bureau Chiefs (Washington, DC.:
Brookings Institution, 1981), pg.91-138.
f. Mark Moore, Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government (Harvard

University Press, 1995), pg. 28.
g. Federal Republic of Nigeria, Nigerian Communication Act, 2003 ACT No. 19.1. (b).
h. http://www.ncc.gov.ng/industry
i. Malcolm K. Sparrow, The Regulatory Craft: Controlling Risks, Solving Problems and
Managing Compliance (Washington, DC.: Brookings Institution, 2000), pg. 119
j. http://www.doingbusiness.org/EconomyRankings/
k. Quality Excellence for Suppliers of Telecommunications Forum (2002). Resource

Handbook for Business Improvement – Version 1.0, Section 4.1, Convergence Triangle,
Figure 4-1 pg.15
l. Quality Excellence for Suppliers of Telecommunications Forum (2002). Resource

Handbook for Business Improvement – Version 1.0, Section 4.1, S-Curve, Figure 4-1
pg.16
m. India Broadband Policy 2004, pg.1
n. India Broadband Policy 2004, pg.4
o. Darrel West, An International Look at High Speed Broadband, Governance

Studies(Washington, DC.: Brookings Institution, 2010, pg.2
p. 2009 Workers of America Study on Broadband Speed, Governance Studies (Washington,

DC.: Brookings Institution, 2009, pg.2
q. Darrel West, An International Look at High Speed Broadband, Governance

Studies(Washington, DC.: Brookings Institution, 2010, pg.2
r. Qiang, Christine Zhen-Wei. 2009a. “Broadband Infrastructure in Stimulus Packages:

Relevance for Developing Countries.” Washington, D.C.: World Bank, unpublished paper.

Page 63 of 65
s. Nigerian Communications Commission, Pyramid Research Report 2010 on “The Impact of

Mobile Services In Nigeria: How mobile technologies are enabling transformation across
economic and social activities”, pg.44
DR TAYO ADULOJU
Dr. Tayo Aduloju is a Conference Speaker, Master Strategist, Peak

Performance Coach and Mentor, Global Leadership and Management
Development Expert, Strategy Adviser to Business and Government
Leaders, and Teacher, whose shares the Creator’s passion to see all
humans maximize and reach their full potential. He fulfills his life’s
passion and assignment through his multifaceted network of
organizations and outreaches - TrainOptima Consulting Group (TCG)
Limited. TCG boasts of an extraordinary client and engagement
profile within the Federal Government of Nigeria. Dr Aduloju is
noted as an authority in bringing innovative and creative solutions to
tackling some of the most formidable problems in Governance and
Business on the African Continent today.
Tayo Aduloju holds a Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Global

Leadership and Management at Rushmore University USA; he is an
Alumnus of the Strategic Management of Enforcement and
Regulatory Agencies Program, John F. Kennedy School of
Government, Harvard University, USA and the Brookings Masters of
Arts in Leadership (Executive Pathway); holds a Masters of Business
Administration in Entrepreneurial Development; and a Bachelor of
Technology Degree in Applied Industrial Biochemistry. He is a Fellow
of the Institute of Logistics and Distribution Management, A member
of the International Third World Leaders Association, Association of
Business Executives, UK, Strategic Management Society, USA,
Institute of Management Consultants, USA, American Society for
Page 64 of 65
Training and Development, Balanced Scorecard Collaborative,

Nigerian Institute for Training and Development, Standards
Organization of Nigeria, Lead Consultants Network, Global
Telecommunications Quest Forum, and was ordained in 1997 under
the United Christian Church and Ministerial Association, Cleveland,
Tennessee, USA.
Dr Tayo Aduloju’s assignment and calling is to the African Continent,

where he envisions the birth of a 21st Century African Economic and
Leadership Renaissance. Passionate about providing solutions to the
continent’s most formidable problems, he focuses on ‘closing the
African Leadership Gap’ through a broad range of programmes
conducted by TrainOptima Consulting Group (TCG) Limited. As an
‘Apostle of Excellence’, he a proponent and advocate for a new order
of excellence in African Leadership that permeates personal,
organizational and national spheres of influence. Known as an agent
of change, transformation and solutions, Dr. Aduloju’s capacity to
initiate a sense of urgency and infuse individuals, organizations and
nations with a sense of purpose and mission, makes him a sought
after adviser to business and government leaders. Having
successfully led business transformation, strategy projects, systems
deployment and radical business restructuring across several
industries including: Telecommunications, Oil and Gas, Maritime,
Aviation, Banking and Manufacturing, he delivers business and
government solutions from an ‘execution paradigm’ with a unique
capacity to focus on customized, results oriented interventions. His
work in Public Sector cuts across Federal and State Governments in
his country Nigeria and Across the African Continent. His Seminal
Work, The African Governance has become a tool for
benchmarking the quality of Leadership across the African Continent.
As a Strategist he has convened critical Global Leadership
Roundtables on the Subject of Human Rights, Enforcement,
Governance Excellence, Public Sector Performance and Federal
Regulation for Public Good in Africa.

Page 65 of 65

NCC Ten Years ICT Agenda - Paper - Revision 1.3 - Final Sub.

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TABLE OF CONTENT PAGES

INTRODUCTION: NCC ICT 10 YEAR AGENDA & FRAMEWORK 5

SECTION 1: ICT INDUSTRY GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK 10

SECTION 2 : FRAMEWORK FOR REGULATORY EFFECTIVENESS

SECTION 3 : CONVERGENCE OF ICT REGULATORY FUNCTIONS 32

SECTION 4 : FRAMEWORK FOR BROADBAND DEVELOPMENT 37

SECTION 5 : REGULATING ICT INDUSTRY QUALITY STANDARDS 54

ABOUT THE AUTHOR 65

TrainOptima Consulting Group – Office of Strategy, Policy and Competitiveness

INTRODUCTION: NIGERIAN COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION TEN YEAR TEN

TrainOptima Consulting Group – Office of Strategy, Policy and Competitiveness

THE ROLE OF THE NCC IN THE THIRD ERA OF GLOBALIZATION

Vision 2020 and the Birth of the Nigerian GSM Revolution

TrainOptima Consulting Group – Office of Strategy, Policy and Competitiveness

THE NEED FOR TODAY: A REVIEWED STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK AND AGENDA

THE OBJECTIVES OF THE NCC ICT TEN YEAR AGENDA

TrainOptima Consulting Group – Office of Strategy, Policy and Competitiveness

The Components of Each Framework

TrainOptima Consulting Group – Office of Strategy, Policy and Competitiveness

SECTION 1: ICT INDUSTRY GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK

ICT INDUSTRY GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK

TrainOptima Consulting Group – Office of Strategy, Policy and Competitiveness

TrainOptima Consulting Group – Office of Strategy, Policy and Competitiveness

Figure 1 - NCC ICT Industry Governance Framework

GLOBAL ICT REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT

TrainOptima Consulting Group – Office of Strategy, Policy and Competitiveness

- The Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation (CTO): CTO is an

- The African Telecommunications Union (ATU): ATU is the first inter-governmental

telecommunications economies in the world, has played a significant role in attraction

- West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly: The West Africa

GLOBAL ICT BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

TrainOptima Consulting Group – Office of Strategy, Policy and Competitiveness

QuEST Forum: QuEST Forum is a global communications association comprised of a unique

Global Telecommunications Supplier Members include: 2Wire, Inc, 3K Technologies LLC, 3M

TrainOptima Consulting Group – Office of Strategy, Policy and Competitiveness

NATIONAL ICT REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT

- Giving overall direction for ICT development;

TrainOptima Consulting Group – Office of Strategy, Policy and Competitiveness

- Proposing policy options and recommending to Government such measures as legislation,

TrainOptima Consulting Group – Office of Strategy, Policy and Competitiveness

NATIONAL ICT AUTHORIZING ENVIRONMENT

– Unified Access Service Licence

– Public Mobile Communications Trunk Radio Services

o VSAT (Hubs and International)

– International Submarine Cable Infrastructure And Landing Station Services

ICT INDUSTRY GOVERNANCE OBJECTIVES

TrainOptima Consulting Group – Office of Strategy, Policy and Competitiveness

– Consumers/Citizens (Users of ICT Services): an efficient industry regulator that

– Ministry of Communications: a federal institution that fully, effectively and efficiently

– Other Federal Institutions: a government agency that leverages institutional relationships

TrainOptima Consulting Group – Office of Strategy, Policy and Competitiveness

Figure 2 - NCC inverted stakeholder value pyramid

TrainOptima Consulting Group – Office of Strategy, Policy and Competitiveness

NCC ICT INDUSTRY GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES AND MILESTONES

NCC Stakeholder NCC Objectives NCC ICT Industry Governance MILESTONE

Great application of Mobile and 2010-2020

Identify root causes of harms and

Develop a review consumer 2010

TrainOptima Consulting Group – Office of Strategy, Policy and Competitiveness

Licensed ICT A fair and Review procedures for all 2010