MECHANISM EEECT

', . :.
A chromosomal mutation that causes a change in the structure of a drug binding site The drug cannot bind to the bacterial cell

:, tt t t t
'

A chromosomal mutation that causes a change in cell membrane. permeabilfi ', The drug cannot pass through the cell membrane and thus cannot
enter the cell

The drug is destroyed or inactivated by the enzyme

'' ', '1.' '- , ", ,r,'

..
The drug is pumped out ol the cell before it can damage or kill
;;r ,.'t
the cell

t,r
f;
T
r
I
n
7

ii, r t{lRUsAtlR u. lilFEcTloil{qo

rl, r,
Herpes stmptex Intecttons

fl Respiratory viruses

{' Flrrun immunodeficiency virus (HlV):

r nucleoside reversetranscriptase in hibitors
;

oNote:his
infwmotion is proided nretyto oquoint rudwsof ffiis"bookdtrii:
l"''t thercpy. ', ,. :,',r, and should not be mnfrued as. reomnended

*
:ff
r52 Chapter 9
Stibogluconate sodium

African trypanosomiasis (with no CNS

involvement)

Olen tpnoe:bgfrogili s' i' r)'':'r'r"1' "

"'':
Tetracycline hydrochloride Ba la ntidiasis; r :''r I

infection; can be used with quinine or

quinidine for P. folcipo rum malaria

oNote:thisinformotionisprovidedsole|ytoocquointreodersoft|tkbookwiththenomgofsQneontiprotozoologen6ondshouldnotbeconstruedos
theropy.
CNS, centrol neruous s)rtern
 ' : :.aa".il

Penumidine isethnnate Arkan sleEhg sickngs

Clindamyein plus qui nine
CNS involvenlenO,

Amebiasis Primaquine phosPhate

Diloxanide furoate

Proguanil hydrochloride Malaria

Eflornithine African trypanosomiasis (with or
without CNS involvement)

Furazolidone Giardiasis forimethamine Plus sulfadiazine

Chloroquine+esistant P. folciporun Quinacrine hydrochloride

Halofantrine
malaria

Quinidine gluconate
P. folciparun malaria
lodoquinol Amebiasis, balantidiasis, Dientomoebo
frogills infection

Malaria
Mefloquine Chloroquine-resi$ant P. fo lcip oru m Quinine
and P, wvox malaria

Spiramycin Toxoplasmoss
Melarsoprol African trypanosomiasis (with €NS
involvement)

(continues)
 lc,pe.rgi$ods,
coaidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, f u$fiiff
hi$oplasrnosis, mtrcormposit paracoccidiokJomy-
cosis, p€nicilliosis, slrrilemic Sorotrichosis

Pn eu m ocystis pneu mon ia

Aspergillosis, candidiasis
i5:: '
n:i
'. ia,:..
:+:r.t...
'i'i-,;ifluaanat.'a Bla$omycosis; oropharyngeal, esophageal, and
:at:, .

-:. invasive candidiasispoccidioidomycosit cryptococ-

P:+; - cosis, fusriosit hi$oplasmosis, sporotrichosis
,i,.":

,+.
-.-'ia -

.:ii,ffuo,t*in.
/
Gndidias'rs, chromoblastomycosis, cryptococcosis
:l-
a-,',
lE' .

i,i,r.C*ieonrun Dermatomycosis (less toxic drugs are available,

;i:t l howwer)
.. f'..
._.1:
:
lt'
', , :jj
.t't..
i
/
.[taconazole Aspergillosis, blastomyc6sis, invasive candidiasis,
':' l ':
,,;:.;.' coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, hi$oplasmosis,
,lii l .l paracoccidioid0mposit penicilliosis,
,:.'1: .

i,i$i:., pseudallescheriasis, scedospffhsb, cuhneous or

i:1ar 1 :

*iut,' ' s'ptemic sporotridrosis

Bla$omycosis, coccidioidomycosis, hi$oplasmosis,

pa racoccid ioid omycosis

Dumatorrycosis

Fneunrl4l/ris pneumonia

Aspergillosis, lnvasive canairt#scedosporimis

this infvnntiort b gutiMsHyn nqwinradus of thii'bacf.lddttt e

 AGENT SOURCE
MODT,OFACTION

Bocillus subtilis (bacterium) Baediicidal

lnhibition of cellwatl synthesis Bacitracin (also disrupts cell membranes)

Cephalosporins ',
Cepholos1otri u m sPp. (molds) qaetHirc,det

A semisynthetic derivative of eaae{iiidat

lmipenem
thienamycin, produced by a
Strepto nyces sp. (bacteri u m)

Penicillins Penicilliun spp. (molds) su.t*tiliUut

pJactamase-resi$ant penicillins: cloxacillin, These are semisynthetic penicillins Bactericidal

dicloxacillin, methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin

These are semisynthetic penicillins tsactericidal
Extended spectrum penicillins: amoxicillin,
ampicillin, carbenicillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin
Strepto myces o rientolis (bacterium) Bacericidal
Vancomycin
, i. ,l-,. :

'

Strcptonyces venezu el oe (bacterium) Bacter{ostalic

tnhibition of protein synthesis
Chloramphenicol
A chemical modification of lincomycin, Bacterio$atic or
Clindarnycin
produced by Streptomyces bacteticidal, tlepending
I i ncol ne nsis (bacterium)
on drug c0ncenlrallon
and bacterial species

Streptl myces eryth ro eus 0acterium) Bacteriostatic (usually) ;

EMhromvon
bactericidal at high
toncgntrations l

Streptomyces spp. (bacteria) Bactericidal

Streptomycin and other aminoglycosides
Stre pto myces ri mosus (bacterium) Bacteriostatic
letraq/cllne

.t:

Rifampin Streptl myces mediterro n ei (bacteriu m) Bactericidal

lnhibition of nucleic acid
synthesis
(e.g', Synthetic Bactericidal:
Quinolones and fluoroquinolones
ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin)

(colistin) Bocillus polymyxo (bacterium) Badericidal

Disruption of cell mernbranes Polvmvxin B and polvmyxin E
,.:
a ,l
tl
Synthetic Bactdriostatic
Inhibition of enzyme activity Sulfonamides . ,,..1 '

Synthetic Baetedostatic
Trimethoprim