Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
(9/2/10)
The Public Realm: Anti-Urbanism and the War on the Public Realm – Lyn
Lofland
-Anti-urbanism sees the city as
profane, unholy, unwashed sphere (vs. the pastoral)
mixing the unmixable (vs. proper places for everyone)
sacrilegious play and frivolity (vs. sobriety)
anarchy, disorder, corruption, the “mob” (vs. rationality/control)
-This stems from anti-public realm attitudes
(9/23/10) - Public/Private
(9/30/10) - Homelessness
Barrett Lee and Chad Farrell “Buddy Can you Spare A Dime?”
○ Panhandling by homeless people
■ Seen as a nuisance, but not a threat
■ People want to avoid it - 60% have been panhandled
■ Strategic locations - stoplights, parks
○ Most homeless do NOT panhandle - only the most desperate
(10/14/10)
The Practice of Everyday Life: ”Spatial Practices: Walking in the City,” Michel De
Certeau
● “The city” is generated from the top-down - governments, corps, and other
institutional bodies define what the city is
● Vantage point: View from a skyscraper makes the city a unified whole - Panopticon
● Contrasting view: The walker at street level can subvert it!
○ His path is never fully determined by the institutional planners
○ Can take short cuts, despite the plan of the city grid
● Moral: Everyday life is a process of using the rules of the institutions without being
fully determined by them
Visions of a New Realty: The City and Emergence of Modern Visual Culture,
Frederic Stout
● Freedom of expression and the rise of the free press
○ Something all urban dwellers share - from consuming dailies to producing
penny press rags
● City public spaces are part of the “realm of imagination”
● See LeGates pp. 141
Revisiting the Enclave Hypothesis: Miami 25 years Later, Alejandro Portes and
Steven Shafer
● Are Ethnic Enclaves mobility traps or economic opportunities for ethnics?
● Some ethnic groups better at responding to economic pressures than others
● Example - Cubans in Miami soar ahead thanks to tight business networks.
○ Their success allows children to get higher education.
○ People who own the business and shop at the business are same
○ Later Cuban immigrants have less luck as these exile networks have
diminished
● Crowding in labor forces drives wages down...employees don’t benefit, but helps
ethnic employers
● MORAL: Carving a business enclave has been essential to the success and
integration of many immigrant communities - immigrants in enclave do better
than those outside
(11/4/10) - Gentrification
The Location of Culture: The Urban Culturalist Perspective, Michael Ian Borer
● Urbanism sees cities as places of and for local sentiment, personal and
collective identity construction, and community building
● The other 3 schools (Chicago, Political Economic, and Postmodern LA) see the
culture of cities as a response to larger economic forces and economic competition,
and consider the social and geographic landscape as fragmented
● Culturalists see shared meaning systems that give rise to diverse social
interactions and situations
● Urban culture accounts for distinctions among places and how places and symbolize
entire cities
● People use places as part of their cultural repertoires or “tool kits”
● Shared meanings create connections among individuals and groups
● A sense of place makes a city less anonymous and less chaotic
● Culture and place were separated:
○ Culture=way people make sense of the world and the symbolic and material
products that express that way of life
○ Place=a unique geographic area
The Impact of the New Technologies and Globalization on Cities, Saskia Sassen
● World Cities vs Global cities
○ places specialized in command and control
○ many important headquarters are location in global cities
● What globalization is about?
○ increasing importance of Finance and Services
○ speed of transactions(ability to send money from one bank act to another in
2 diff countries within minutes)
○ intensity, complexity, global span
● The Global City
○ the paradox: spatial dispersal and concentration - we are freed from
space, and yet concentrate in one place - face-to-face still valued
○ coordination, command points
○ complexity and innovation - very specific skills are available
○ Boomerang Effect - going global to get local help
● Dispersion of Old-style production (manufacture)
○ Used to be: materials from South --> plants in North
○ Now production happens in the South as well
○ global cities produce connections and specialized services
The Politics of Urban Exclusion and Violence in the Global South, Kees Koonings
and Dirk Kruijt
● 3rd World: developing countries not aligned with 1st world (capitalists) and 2nd
world (communists) in the Cold War
● Cities of the South were formed through colonialism --rapid urbanization
● ”primate” mega cities - excess of 10 million people - by far the largest in country
● Labor
○ outsourcing of routine activities by international companies to avoid low
wage labor and unions
● slums appear with very poor living conditions, but are rarely recognized
○ build houses out of anything they can find
○ slum clearance-->people shipped out of to country land and their houses will
be knocked down and built on
● businesses in city - a lot is in the informal economy - activity without state
approval
● Crime
○ Police themselves can become part of the problem - e.g. brutality in Rio
Terms
3rd Space: Place that is semi-private realm (ex. Bar where you are aregular, coffee
shop, etc.)
Aesthetic Power: (discernment) to determine what
is authentic (ex. Hip neighbourhoods that make claims to authenticity, to
grunginess, able to discriminate against “uncool”) – Can’t buy way into cool,
must be created
Anti-Urbanism: Area of thought that is critical/fearful of urban life as a
social structure (sees cities as dirty/lawless/place of mixing of the
unmixable, disorder, corruption)
Boomerang Effect: People start locally, go global for help, all in order to
get help on a local level
Broken Windows Theory: Theory that monitoring/maintaining an urban
area will prevent further crime/vandalism
Capitalism: Economic system wherein means of capital (finance) are
privitized
Chicago Worlds Fair 1893: Displayed design/engineering
feats/inventions, lauded as “beginning of urban planning”(designed by
Burnham, Olmstead)
“City Beautiful”: Improvement of public spaces, part of gentrification
movements (Olmstead)
City Divisions: “Paths” (Place of movement between 2 points); “Edges”
(Physical barriers between 2 points); “Districts” (Amount of
homogeneity within district, contained); “Nodes” (Hotspots of people
[NOT barriers… Points of density]… Can pass through it); “Landmarks”
(Places/things that distinguish a place, unique reference point… Can’t
pass through it)
Civic Virtue: where citizens think about where they can work for the
whole community, not the individual.
Civil Service Reform: “deliberate action to improve the efficiency,
effectiveness, professionalism, representativity and democratic
character of a civil service, with a view to promoting better delivery of
public goods and services, with increased accountability.”
Community Redevelopment Act (CRA): Made it possible to pressure
lenders to invest in any neighborhood where they accepted deposits
Concentric Zone Theory: (a.k.a. Burgess Model – Ernest Burgess)
Theoretical model to explain urban social structures… Based on
human ecology theories done by Burgess and applied to Chicago
END.