Proceedings of the International Conference on F-66

Electrical Engineering and Informatics

Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia June 17-19, 2007

Voltage Stability Analysis Of Power System Electrical

Apply To Sumbagteng System ( Sumbar-Riau-Jambi)
Asnal Effendi1*, Sasongko Pramono Hadi2, Soedjatmiko2
1
Dept.of Electrical Eng., Faculty of Eng., Institut Technology Padang
2
Dept.of Electrical Eng., Faculty of Eng., Gadjah Mada University

ABSTRACT

This research describes about voltage analysis and power relation of electrical power system . This relation is
depicted in the P-V and Q-V curve method . These two methods determine steady-state loadability limits which are
related to voltage stability, that occurs on 150 KV Sumbagteng interconnected power system (system consists of
Sumbar , Riau , and Jambi subsistem) 150 kV system. This system has peak load with power flow a total installed
capacity of 515,47 MW and 237,7 MVAR at 19.00 WIB, on the 26th December of 2005.
The Influence of various increase loading that resulted from transformation of active power loading, to strain
stability line through P-V and Q-V curve, visible at condition of total loading ( MW) and ( MVAR), the results strain
that there are many voltage buses have pass critical point of normally voltage. From the result of simulation at
condition of influence of increase till 12.6% condition from peak load causes Garuda Sakti bus has critical voltage
135.17 kV with total active power system 580,42 MW and reactive 269.29 MVAR, and caused all buses at Riau
subsystem have strain collapse that is residing in under voltage ridge nominal stress ( < 10 % V nom).

Keywords : Voltage Stability, P-V Curve, Q-V Curve.

1. Introduction
Voltage stability is a real important problem in
electric power system that having long transmission
passage with big encumbering capacities, so that this
thing can cause instability of strain at the electric power
system and in the end can cause the happening of strain
shoot [1].
The voltage stability study may be limited to identify
areas prone to voltage instability and to obtain
information regarding how system voltage stability can
be improved most effectively. The main goal of voltage
stability analysis is to find Point of Collapse (PoC).
Operation near the voltage stability limits is impractical
and a sufficient power margin is needed. Practically, the
idea of P-V and Q-V curves is used to determine the
maximal reactive margin at load buses to avoid voltage
collapse [2].
This relation is depicted in the form of P-V and Q-V
curve method . This methods applied to know the
condition of total power that strain experiences collapse.
Electric power system application to electric power
system at Sumbagteng (Sumatera Center) 150 kV system,
that has peak load with power flow at 19.00 WIB, on 26
December 2005 with active power 515.47 MW and
reactive 237.70 MVAR. System consists of Sumbar
subsystem, Riau subsystem, and Jambi subsystem.
This research methodologies done through
simulation of EDSA (Electrical Distribution
Transmission System Analysis) programming. Simulation
done with light load, peak load, payload increases 5%,
12.6%, condition from peak load and contingency system
.
*Asnal Effendi. E-mail: asnal_itp@yahoo.com
2. Voltage stability
Voltage stability refers to the ability of power system
to maintain stedy voltage at all buses in the system after
being subjected to a disturbance from a given initial
operating condition. It depends on the ability to
maintain/restore equilibrium between load demand and
load supply from the power system. Ins stability that may
result occurs in the from of a progressive fall or rise of
voltage some buses. A possible outcome of voltage
instability is loss of load in an area, or tripping of
transmission lines and other elements by their protective
system leading to cascade outgas.
2.1. P-V curves
P-V curve are useful for conceptual analysis of
voltage stability and for study of radial system. The
method is also used for large meshed net works where P is
the total load in area and V is the voltage at a critical or
representative bus. P can also be the power transfer across
a transmission interface or interconnection . Voltage at
several busses can be plotted.
For conceptual analysis, P-V curve are convenient
when load characteristics as a function of voltage are
analyzed. For example a resistive load can be plotted with
P load =V2/R. [1. 3].

ISBN 978-979-16338-0-2 879

Proceedings of the International Conference on F-66
Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia June 17-19, 2007

12.6%, condition from peak load and contingency trouble

system condition, like following table.

V Table. 1. Voltage result of each bus

Voltage (kV)
Peak
Peak
Critical point Bus Name Low Peak Load Conting
Load
Payload Load + ency
+ 5%
12,6%
Subsystem Sumbar
MNJAU 149.80 146.09 144.69 143.65 143.31
P (MW) PLIMO 146.99 142.25 140.41 139.91 139.60
OMBILIN 146.63 147.87 146.81 145.96 145.50
Fig. 1. The example P-V curve at load bus SHARU 150.26 141.20 139.28 138.70 138.39
PIP 145.92 143.49 142.03 141.54 141.29
Dash line at Fig.1 is upper showing point of locus from
LBALG 147.06 144.31 143.03 142.58 142.36
voltage collapse, is expressing as critical point. Point of
PDGLR 147.43 144.95 143.05 142.05 141.62
this express performance ridge of payload at steady state
for linear circuit strain stability line, while top of critical PYBUH 149.14 145.66 143.47 142.67 142.19
point express stable operating condition and under critical BTSKR 149.68 146.75 144.23 144.20 143.73
point express operating condition instability. SOLOK 150.06 144.95 143.41 142.72 142.31
SALAK 148.36 147.61 146.51 145.67 145.21
2.2. Q-V curves SNKR 150.08 144.72 143.81 143.46 143.30
INDRG 146.71 142.30 140.28 139.85 139.52
Voltage stability analysis through this curve Q-V is
Subsystem Riau
to look at condition total payload how much (MVAR)
system strain towards critical point and happened KTPJG 150.03 144.25 142.71 140.37 139.77
collapse . Mean system performance in channeling BNKNG 149.84 143.22 141.49 138.82 138.19
reactive power has exceeded performance of itself system GRDSK 149.25 140.75 138.62 135.17 134.50
As for visible V-Q curve at Fig.2. TLMBU 148.72 139.84 137.63 134.07 133.39
V DURI 152.09 141.31 138.60 133.73 132.98
DUMAI 150.42 138.68 135.70 130.08 129.30
BBATU 153.89 142.76 139.97 134.96 134.20
Critical point
Subsystem Jambi
KLRJO 160.78 151.26 149.28 145.72 0.00
MRBNG 175.79 155.95 152.77 145.22 0.00
AURDURI 176.85 150.06 146.73 136.27 0.00
Q (MVAR) PYCAH 176.67 149.51 146.25 135.64 0.00
BANGKO 180.92 158.94 155.39 147.10 0.00

Fig. 2. The example Q-V curve at load bus

Table. 2 Totally Power result of each condition.
Active Reactive
Dash line at Fig.2. is upper showing point of locus Condition of
Power Total Power Total
from voltage collapse, is expressing as critical point. payload
(MW) (Mvar)
Point of this express performance ridge of payload at Low Payload 327.87 167.23
steady state for linear circuit strain stability line, while
Peak Load 515.47 237.70
top of critical point express stable operating condition and
under critical point express operating condition no stable. Peak Load + 5% 539.39 264.29
Peak load + 12,6% 580.42 269.29
3. Voltage stability analysis using p-v and q-v Contingency 488.09 198.23
curve implementation
The power system implementation consists of 25, 29
transmission line and 10 generating, see Fig. A1 in
Appendix A.
This research methodologies done through
simulation of EDSA (Electrical Distribution
Transmission System Analysis) programming. Simulation
done with light load, peak load, payload increases 5%,

ISBN 978-979-16338-0-2 880

Proceedings of the International Conference on F-66
Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia June 17-19, 2007

experiences critical voltage 135.17 kV with

system active power total 580.42 MW.
155
155 2. From result of visible Q-V cooling curve that
influence increase of reactive power payload
150
150
(MVAR) what results the happening of voltage
drop of towards voltage instability . From result
(kV)
lta g ee(kV)

145
145
of this simulation that is with increase of payload
Voltag

140
until 12,6% from peak load/burden, bus GRDSK
Vo

140
experiences critical voltage 135.17 kV with
135
135
system active power total 269.29 MVAR.
3. Then at condition of system experiences trouble
130
130
in the form of trouble contingency that is broken
100
100 200
200 300
300 400
400 500
500 600
600 700
700 it one of passage which is in the form of radial
dP(MW)
dP(MW)atatbus
busGRDSK
GRDSK that is at bus Ombilin and Kiliran Jao happened
at the time of peak load system, seen that power
Fig. 3. P-V curve at bus GRDSK (Garuda Sakti) with channeled has exceeded performance the
Critical point voltage 135.17 KV , of totally passage, so that this thing causes imbalance strain
payload is 580.42 MW and in the end causes system towards at condition
Result of analysis through curve P-V like shows at, blackout.
Fig. 3 that critical voltage 135.17 kV for bus GRDSK
happened at system total payload Sumbagteng 580.42 References
MW, with increase of payload 12.6% from peak load. [1]. Taylor, W. Carson.1994. “ Power System Voltage Stability”.
This thing shows performance ridge of system in McGraw-Hill. New York.
[2]. Sobierajski, Bertssh. 2001. “Using Bus Impedance and Bus P-Q
channeling active power to bus GRDSK. Curve for Voltage Stability Control”. IEEE Transaction on Power
System, 0-7803-7285-9. pp. 79-84
[3]. Kundur, P. 1994. “Power System Stability and Control”. McGraw-
155
155 Hill, Inc. New York.
[4]. Gupta, B.R.2004. “Power System Analysis and Design, Third
150
150
Edition”. Wheeler Publishing. S,CHAND end Company LTD, Ram
Nagar. New Delhi
[5]. Chowdhury.H.Badrul. 2000. “Voltage Stability Analysis : V-Q
(kV)
Voltage(kV)

145
145
Peower Flow Simulation Versus Dynamic Simulation”. IEEE
Voltage

Transaction on Power System,vol.15, no.4, November , pp. 13541-

140
140 1359.
[5]. Dhar, R.N. 1982.”Computer Aided Power System Operation and
135
135 Analysis”. McGraw-Hill. New Delhi.
[6]. Gonen, Turan. 1988. “Electric Power Transmission System
130
130 Engineering (Analysis and Design)”. John Wiley and Sons.
100
100 120
120 140
140 160
160 180180 200
200 220 220 240
240 260
260 280
280 300
300 [7]. Pal, M.K. 1992. “Voltage Stability Conditions Considering Load
dQ
dQ(MVAR)
(MVAR)atatbus
busGRDSK
GRDSK Characteristics”. IEEE Transaction on Power System, vol.7, no. 1,
Feb, pp.234-249.
Fig. 4. P-V curve at bus GRDSK (Garuda Sakti) with [8]. Poshtan, M., Singh, B. 2004. “Contingency Ranking for Voltage
critical point voltage 135.17 KV, of totally Stability Analysis of Large-Scale Power Systems”, IEEE
Transaction on Power System, 0-7803-8718-X. pp. 1-
payload 269.29 Mvar 8.
[9]. Saadat, H. 1999. “ Power System Analysis”. International Edition
Whereas result of curve analysis Q-V like showed at, EPRI, McGraw-Hill., New York
Fig. 4 to indicate that critical voltage 135.17 kV for bus
GRDSK happened at system total payload Sumbagteng
269.29 Mvar, with increase of payload 12.6% from peak
load. This thing shows performance ridge of system in
channeling power reactive to bus GRDSK.

4. Conclusions
1. From result of visible P-V cooling curve that
influence increase of active power payload (
MW) what results the happening of voltage drop
of towards voltage instability . From result of
this simulation that is with increase of payload
until 12,6% from peak load/burden, bus GRDSK

Appedix A- Impelentation Power System

ISBN 978-979-16338-0-2 881

Proceedings of the International Conference on F-66
Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia June 17-19, 2007

MNJAU PDGLR PYBUH KTPJG GRDSK TLMBU

AGAM
BNKNG
LBALG SNKR
DUMAI
K BBATU
BTSKR DURI

PIP

INDRG OMBILIN
P LIMO

SEMEN SALAK KLRJO

SOLOK
LNGAU
SHARU MRBNG
PYCAH

AURDURI BANGKO

Fig. A1. The Implementation power system application to electric power system at
Sumbagteng (Sumatera Center) 150 kV system

ISBN 978-979-16338-0-2 882