Bulletin of Kerala Mathematics Association

Vol.5, No.2, (2009, December) 109–113

SOME WEAKER FORMS OF FUZZY ALMOST

CONTINUOUS MAPPINGS

Hakeem A. Othman∗, S. Latha∗∗

∗
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Scince, King Khalid University
Abha, Saudi Arabia
hakim albdoie@yahoo.com
∗∗ Department of Mathematics, Yuvaraja’s College, University of Mysore,
Mysore-570005, Karnataka, India
drlatha@gmail.com

(Received on 16 Oct. 2009)

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to introduce some new weak forms of fuzzy
almost continuity, namely fuzzy almost precontinuous mapping and fuzzy almost
β-continuous mapping. Their fundamental properties are obtained.
2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 54A40
Keywords. fuzzy β-open set; fuzzy preopen set, fuzzy almost precontinuous map-
ping; fuzzy almost β-continuous mapping.

1. Introduction

In 1991 (resp. In 1980), Bin Shahna (resp. Ghanim), [2] (resp. [4]) have introduced
and investigated fuzzy preopen (resp. fuzzy β-open) sets and fuzzy precontinuity (resp.
fuzzy β-continuity) in fuzzy topological spaces. Moreover, the studies also included
the relationship between these concepts and some other weaker forms of fuzzy open
sets and fuzzy continuous mappings.
The purpose of the present paper is to introduce two classes of fuzzy mappings,
namely fuzzy almost precontinuous mappings and almost β-continuous mappings by
using the notions of fuzzy preopen sets and fuzzy β-open sets.
110 Hakeem A. Othman, S. Latha

2. Preliminaries
Throughout this paper by (X, τ ) or simply by X we mean a fuzzy topological space
(fts, shortly) and f : X → Y means a mapping f from a fuzzy topological space X to
a fuzzy topological space Y . If λ is a fuzzy set and p is a fuzzy singleton in X, then
Int λ, cl λ, λc , β-Intλ, β-clλ, scl λ and δ cl λ, will denote respectively, the interior of
λ, the closure of λ, complement of λ, the fuzzy β-interior of λ, the fuzzy β-closure of
λ, fuzzy semi closure and the fuzzy δ-closure. The family of all fuzzy semi open (resp.
fuzzy preopen, fuzzy β open) sets of X is denoted by F SO(X) (resp. F P O(X),
F βO(X)). The family {λ ∈ SO(X) : p ∈ λ} is denoted by F SO(X, p), where p is
fuzzy singleton of X. F P O(X, p) and F βO(X, p) are defined similarly.
Now, we mention the following definitions and results which are used in this paper
concerning fuzzy topology.
D EFINITION 2.1. A fuzzy set λ in a fts X is called
(i) Fuzzy preopen set [2] if λ ≤ Int clλ.
(ii) Fuzzy β-open set [2] if λ ≤ cl Int cl λ.
(iii) Fuzzy regular open set [1] if λ = Int cl λ.
(iv) Fuzzy δ-open set if for x ∈ λ, there exists a regular open set w such that x ∈ w ⊆
λ.
The complement of fuzzy preopen (resp. fuzzy semi-preopen, fuzzy regular open,
fuzzy δ-open) set is said to be fuzzy preclosed (resp. fuzzy semi-preclosed, fuzzy
regular closed, fuzzy δ-closed) set.
D EFINITION 2.2. A mapping f : (X, τ ) → (Y, σ) is said to be:
(i) Fuzzy continuous [3] if f −1 (µ) is fuzzy open (fuzzy closed) set in X for each fuzzy
open (fuzzy closed) set µ in Y .
(ii) Fuzzy almost continuous [1] if f −1 (µ) is fuzzy open set in X for each fuzzy regular
open set µ in Y .

3. Main results
In this section, we introduce the definitions and equivalent forms of fuzzy almost pre-
continuous mapping and fuzzy almost β-continuous mapping, the fundamental proper-
ties and some characterizations of these notions.
D EFINITION 3.1. A mapping f : (X, τ ) → (Y, σ) is said to be fuzzy almost precon-
tinuous (resp. fuzzy almost β-continuous) if for each fuzzy singleton p ∈ X and each
µ ⊆ F RO(Y ) containing f (p), there exists λ ⊆ F P O(X) (resp. λ ⊆ F βO(X))
containing p such that f (λ) ⊆ µ. Using the above Definition we can easily prove the
following theorem.
T HEOREM 3.2. For a mapping f : (X, τ ) → (Y, σ), the following statements are
equivalent:
(i) f is fuzzy almost precontinuous (resp. fuzzy almost β-continuous);
 Some weaker forms of fuzzy almost continuous mappings 111

(ii) For each fuzzy singleton p ∈ X and each µ ⊆ σ containing f (p), there exists
λ ⊆ F P O(X) (resp. λ ⊆ F βO(X)) containing x such that f (λ) ⊆ Int cl µ;
(iii) f −1 (w) ≤ F P C(X) (resp. f −1 (w) ⊆ F βC(X)) for every w ⊆ F RC(Y );
(iv) f −1 (µ) ≤ F P O(X) (resp. f −1 (µ) ≤ F βO(X)) for every µ ⊆ F RO(Y ).
T HEOREM 3.3. For a mapping f : (X, τ ) → (Y, σ), the following statements are
equivalent:
(i) f is fuzzy almost precontinuous (resp. fuzzy almost β-continuous);
(ii) f (pcl(λ)) ≤ δ cl(f (λ)) (resp. f (βcl (λ)) ≤ δ cl(f (λ))) for every fuzzy subset λ of
X;
(iii) pcl(f −1 (µ)) ≤ f −1 (δ cl(µ)) (resp. βcl (f −1 (µ)) ≤ f −1 (δ cl(µ))) for every fuzzy
subset µ of Y ;
(iv) f −1 (w) ⊆ F P C(X, τ ) (resp. f −1 (w) ≤ F P C(X)) for every fuzzy δ closed set
w of (Y, σ);
(v) f −1 (m) ⊆ F P O(X) (resp. f −1 (m) ≤ F P O(X)) for every fuzzy δ-open set m of
(Y, σ).
Proof. We prove the case when f is fuzzy almost precontinuous mapping. For the
other case, it is similar.
(i) ⇒ (ii). Let λ be a fuzzy subset of X. Since δ cl(f (λ)) is fuzzy δ-closed set
in Y , it is denoted by ∧{Fα : Fα ∈ RC(Y ), α ∈ ∇, where ∇ is an index set. By
Theorem 3.2, we have λ ≤ f −1 (δ cl(f (λ))) = ∧{f −1 (Fα ) : α ∈ ∇} ≤ F P C(X)
and hence pcl(λ) ≤ f −1 (δ cl(f (λ))). Therefore, we obtain f (pcl(λ)) ≤ δ cl(f (λ)).
(ii) ⇒ (iii). Let µ be a fuzzy subset of Y . We have
f (pcl(f −1 (µ))) ≤ δ cl(f −1 (µ)) ≤ δ cl(µ) and hence pcl(f −1 (µ)) ≤ f −1 (δ cl(µ)).
(iii) ⇒ (iv). Let w be a any fuzzy δ-closed set of (Y, σ). We have pcl(f −1 (w)) ≤
−1
f (δ cl(w)) = f −1 (w) and hence f −1 (w) is fuzzy preclosed in (X, τ ).
(iv) ⇒ (v). Let m be any fuzzy δ-open set of (Y, σ). We have f −1 (Y − m) =
X − f −1 (m) ≤ F P C(X) and hence f −1 (m) ≤ F P O(X).
(v) ⇒ (i). Let µ be any fuzzy regular open set of (Y, σ). Since µ is fuzzy δ-
open set in (Y, σ), f −1 (µ) ≤ F P O(X) and hence by Theorem 3.2 f is fuzzy almost
precontinuous.
T HEOREM 3.4. For a mapping f : (X, τ ) → (Y, σ), the following statements are
equivalent:
(i) f : (X, τ ) → (Y, σ) is a fuzzy almost precontinuous (resp. fuzzy almost β-
continuous);
(ii) f : (X, τ ) → (Y, σs ) is a fuzzy precontinuous (resp. fuzzy β-continuous);
(iii) f : (X, τp ) → (Y, σ)(f : (X, τβ ) → (Y, σ)) is fuzzy almost continuous;
(iv) f : (X, τp ) → (Y, σs )(f : (X, τβ ) → (Y, σ)) is fuzzy continuous
where τp , (resp. τβ ) and σs denote the family of all fuzzy preopen (resp. fuzzy β-open)
sets of (X, τ ) and family of all regular open sets of (Y, σ) respectively.
Proof. It is obvious that (i) is equivalent to (ii). Moreover, (i), (iii) and (iv) are all
equivalent.
112 Hakeem A. Othman, S. Latha

T HEOREM 3.5. A mapping f : X → Y is fuzzy almost precontinuous iff f −1 (µ) ≤

pInt(f −1 (Intcl(µ))), for every fuzzy open set µ of Y .
Proof. Since µ is a fuzzy open set of Y , µ ≤ Int cl (µ) ⇒ cl (µ) ≤ cl Int cl (µ).
We know that cl Int cl (µ) ≤ cl (µ). Then cl (µ) is a fuzzy regular closed set, hence Int
cl (µ) is a fuzzy regular open set. But f −1 (µ) ≤ f −1 (Int cl (µ)) and f −1 (Int cl (µ))
is a fuzzy preopen set of X. Thus f −1 (µ) ≤ pInt (f −1 (Int cl (µ))).
Conversely, let µ be a fuzzy regular open set of Y , then we have f −1 (µ) ≤
pInt (f −1 (Int cl (µ))) = pInt (f −1 (µ). Thus f −1 (µ) = pInt (f −1 (µ). This shows
that f −1 (µ) is a fuzzy preopen set of X.
T HEOREM 3.6. The implication (i) ⇒ (ii) ⇒ (iii) holds for the following properties of
a fuzzy mapping f : X → Y .
(i) f is almost β-continuous at any fuzzy singleton p ∈ X;
(ii) For each fuzzy neighbourhood µ of f (p), fuzzy singleton p ∈ cl Int cl f −1 (scl(µ)));
(iii) For each fuzzy neighbourhood µ of f (p) and each fuzzy neighbourhood λ of
fuzzy singleton p, there exists a nonempty fuzzy open set w ⊆ λ such that w ⊆
cl(f −1 (scl(µ))).
Proof. (i) ⇒ (ii).
Let µ be any fuzzy neighbourhood of f (p). Then there exists λ ⊆ F βO(X, p) such
that f (λ) ⊆ scl(µ). Then u ⊆ f −1 (scl(µ)). Since λ is fuzzy β-open set,
fuzzy singleton p ∈ λ ⊆ cl Int cl (λ) ⊆ cl Int cl (f −1 (scl (µ))).
(ii) ⇒ (iii). Let µ be any fuzzy neighbourhood of f (p) and λ a fuzzy open set
of X containing fuzzy singleton p. Since p ∈ cl Int cl (f −1 (scl (µ))), we have λ ∧
Int cl (f −1 (scl(µ))) 6= ∅. Put w = λ ∧ Int cl (f −1 (scl (µ))), then w is a nonempty
fuzzy open set, w ⊆ λ and w ⊆ Int cl (f −1 (scl (µ))) ⊆ cl (f −1 (scl (µ))).
T HEOREM 3.7. For a mapping f : (X, τ ) → (Y, σ), the following statements are
equivalent:
(i) f is fuzzy almost β-continuous;
(ii) βcl(f −1 )(µ) ⊆ f −1 (cl(µ)) for each µ ⊆ F βO(X);
(iii) βcl(f −1 )(µ) ⊆ f −1 (cl (µ)) for each µ ⊆ F SO(X);
(iv) f −1 (µ) ⊆ βInt(f −1 (Int cl (µ))) for each µ ⊆ F P O(X).
Proof. (i) ⇒ (ii). Let µ be any fuzzy β-open set of Y . It is clear that cl(µ)
is regular closed in Y . Since f is fuzzy almost β-continuous, f −1 (cl (µ)) is fuzzy
β-closed in X. Therefore, we obtain that βcl (f −1 (µ)) ⊆ f −1 (cl (µ)).
(ii) ⇒ (iii). This is obvious since F SO(Y ) ⊆ F βO(Y ).
(iii) ⇒ (i). Let w be any fuzzy regular closed set of Y . Then w is fuzzy semi open
set in Y and hence βcl(f −1 (w)) ⊆ f −1 (cl(w)) = f −1 (w). This shows that f −1 (w)
is fuzzy β-closed. Therefore, f is a fuzzy almost β-continuous.
(i) ⇒ (iv). Let µ be any fuzzy preopen set of Y . Then v ⊆ Int cl (µ) and Int cl (µ)
is fuzzy regular open in Y . Since f is fuzzy almost β-continuous, (f −1 (Int cl (µ)))
 Some weaker forms of fuzzy almost continuous mappings 113

is a fuzzy β-open set in X and hence we obtain that f −1 (µ) ⊆ f −1 (Int cl (µ)) ⊆
βInt (f −1 (Int cl (µ))).
(iv) ⇒ (i). Let µ be any fuzzy preopen set of Y . Then µ is preopen set and
(f −1 )(µ) ⊆ βInt f −1 (Int cl (µ)) = βInt (f −1 (µ)) therefore, f −1 (µ) is a fuzzy β-
open set in X and hence f is fuzzy almost β-continuous.
T HEOREM 3.8. Let X1 , X2 , Y1 and Y2 be fuzzy spaces such that Y1 is product related
to Y2 . Then, the product f1 × f2 : X1 × X2 → Y1 × Y2 of fuzzy almost β-continuous
(resp. fuzzy almost precontinuous) mapping, f1 : X1 → Y1 and f2 : X2 → Y2 is fuzzy
almost β-continuous (resp. fuzzy almost precontinuous) mapping.
Proof. We prove only if it is fuzzy almost β-continuous mapping. For the other
case, it is same.
Let µ ≡ ∪(µα × µβ ), where µ′α s and µ′β s are fuzzy preopen sets of Y1 and Y2
respectively, be a fuzzy preopen set of Y1 × Y2 . We have

(f1 × f2 )−1 (µ) = ∪[f1−1 (µα ) × f2−1 (µβ )]

≤ ∪[βIntf1−1 (Int cl (µα )) × βIntf2−1 (Int cl (µβ ))]
≤ ∪[βInt(f1−1 (Int cl (µα )) × f2−1 (Int cl (µβ )))]
≤ βInt[∪(f1 × f2 )−1 (Int cl (µα ) × Int cl (µβ ))]
= βInt[∪(f1 × f2 )−1 (Int cl (µα × µβ ))]
≤ βInt[(f1 × f2 )−1 (Int cl (∪(µα × µβ )))]
= βInt(f1 × f2 )−1 (Int cl µ).

Thus by Theorem (3.7) (f1 × f2 ) is a fuzzy almost β-continuous mapping.

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