THERMOGRAPHY

BY :SOHIT KUMAR
CHAUHAN
 THE BASICS

NEAR INFRARED

MID INFRARED

THERMAL INFRARED
 ATOMS
TWO ENERGY ORBITALS
•LOW ENERGY ORBITAL
•HIGH ENERGY ORBITAL
ELECTRON MOVES TO HIGHER
ORBIT
 WHEN COMES BACK RELEASES
ENERGY AS PHOTON
 THERMAL ENERGY

 Thermal images, or Thermograms, are

actually visual displays of the amount of
infrared energy emitted, transmitted, and
reflected by an object.
 Incident Energy = Emitted Energy +
Transmitted Energy + Reflected Energy
 Second law of thermodynamics and
Emissivity
RADIATIVE HEAT EXCHANGE
 EMISSIVITY
• Emissivity is a term representing a material's ability
to emit thermal radiation
THERMAL IMAGING
SYSTEM
INFRARED TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
MODERN INFRARED THERMOMETER
Planck's Equation shows, the peak energy
shifts towards shorter wavelengths as the
temperature increases.
TWO COLOR THERMOMETRY
 TYPES OF INFRARED DETECTORS
UNCOOLED INFRARED DETECTOR COOLED INFRARED DETECTOR
 Use a sensor operating at  Use sensors with operating
ambient temperature. range from 4k to just below
 Cooling is not necessary. room temperature.
 The cooling is necessary for
 Use sensors that work by the operation of the
the change of resistance, semiconductor materials
voltage or current when used.
heated by infrared  Use sensors that work by
radiation. catching IR radiations.
UNCOOLED INFRARED DETECTOR COOLED INFRARED DETECTOR
 Do not require bulky,
expensive cryogenic coolers
 They are smaller and less
costly.
 Materials used for uncooled
infrared detection are
• vanadium(V) oxide
• lanthanum barium manganite
• amorphous silicon
• lead zirconate titanate(PZT)
• Lanthanum doped lead
zirconate titanate
 Require cryogenic coolers
for cooling.
 They are expensive both to
produce and to run.
 Materials used for cooled
infrared detection are
• indium antimonide
• indium arsenide
• mercury cadmium telluride
• lead sulfide
• lead selenide
 ADVANTAGES
It shows a visual picture

It is capable of catching moving targets in real time

It is able to find deteriorating

It can be used to measure or observe in areas

inaccessible or hazardous for other methods

It is a non-destructive test method

It can be used to find defects

It can be used to detect objects in dark areas

 DISADVANTAGES
high price range

Images can be difficult to interpret accurately when based

upon certain objects

Accurate temperature measurements are hindered by

differing emissivities and reflections from other surfaces

Most cameras have ±2% accuracy or worse

Only able to directly detect surface temperatures

 APPLICATIONS
 Condition monitoring
 Digital infrared thermal imaging in health care
 Thermology
 Veterinary Thermal Imaging
 Night vision
 Research
 Process control
 Nondestructive testing
 Surveillance in security, law enforcement and defence
 Chemical imaging
 Volcanology
 Building
Condition monitoring
In health care
 Process control

Manufacturing Steel Ladle

Veterinary Thermal Imaging
Defence
Surveillance in security
 REFERENCES
 Rogalski A. and Chrzanowski K. 2002, “Infrared
Devices and Techniques”, Contributed Paper: Opto-
electronics Review
 Darling, Charles R.; "Pyrometry. A Practical Treatise
on the Measurement of High Temperatures."
Published by E.&F.N. Spon Ltd. London. 1911
 www.wikipedia. org
 www.howstuffworks.com