PVSYST V6.

85 30/11/19 Page 1/7

Stand alone system: Simulation parameters

Project : Bokaro
Geographical Site Bokaro Steel City Country India
Situation Latitude 23.67° N Longitude 86.15° E
Time defined as Legal Time Time zone UT+5.5 Altitude 220 m
Albedo 0.20
Meteo data: Bokaro Steel City Meteonorm 7.2 (1981-1990), Sat=100% - Synthetic

PVsyst TRIAL
Simulation variant :

Simulation parameters
New simulation variant

Coll. plane: Seasonal tilt adjustment

Simulation date

System type
Azimuth
30/11/19 20h24

Stand alone system with batteries

0° Winter season O-N-D-J-F-M
Summer Tilt 9° Winter Tilt 39°

Models used Transposition Perez Diffuse Perez, Meteonorm

Near Shadings Linear shadings
User's needs : Daily household consumers Constant over the year
average 25.1 kWh/Day

PVsyst TRIAL
PV Array Characteristics
PV module
Original PVsyst database
Number of PV modules
Total number of PV modules
Si-mono Model
Manufacturer
In series
Nb. modules
Somera VSM.72.370.05
Vikram Solar
6 modules
18
In parallel
Unit Nom. Power
3 strings
370 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 6.66 kWp At operating cond. 6.07 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 214 V I mpp 28 A
Total area Module area 34.9 m²

System Parameter System type Stand alone system

Battery Model Enersol 250

PVsyst TRIAL
Manufacturer Exide Classic
Battery Pack Characteristics Nb. of units 8 in series x 8 in parallel
Voltage 96 V Nominal Capacity 1408 Ah
Discharging min. SOC 20.0 % Stored energy 108.1 kWh
Temperature Fixed (24°C)
Controller Model Universal controller with MPPT converter
Technology MPPT converter Temp coeff. -5.0 mV/°C/elem.
Converter Maxi and EURO efficiencies 97.0 / 95.0 %
Battery Management control Threshold commands as SOC calculation
Charging SOC = 0.92 / 0.75 i.e. approx. 106.5 / 99.1 V
Discharging SOC = 0.20 / 0.45 i.e. approx. 93.0 / 96.5 V

PVsyst TRIAL
PV Array loss factors
Thermal Loss factor Uc (const) 20.0 W/m²K Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m²K / m/s
Wiring Ohmic Loss Global array res. 42 mOhm Loss Fraction 0.5 % at STC
Serie Diode Loss Voltage Drop 0.7 V Loss Fraction 0.3 % at STC
Module Quality Loss Loss Fraction -0.8 %
Module Mismatch Losses Loss Fraction 1.0 % at MPP
Strings Mismatch loss Loss Fraction 0.10 %

PVsyst Evaluation mode

 PVSYST V6.85 30/11/19 Page 2/7

Stand alone system: Simulation parameters

Incidence effect (IAM): Fresnel smooth glass, n = 1.526
0° 30° 50° 60° 70° 75° 80° 85° 90°
1.000 0.998 0.981 0.948 0.862 0.776 0.636 0.403 0.000

PVsyst TRIAL

PVsyst TRIAL

PVsyst TRIAL

PVsyst TRIAL
PVsyst Evaluation mode
 PVSYST V6.85 30/11/19 Page 3/7

Stand alone system: Near shading definition

Project : Bokaro
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Stand alone system with batteries
Near Shadings Linear shadings
PV Field Orientation Seasonal tilt: summer/winter 9°/39° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model Somera VSM.72.370.05 Pnom 370 Wp

PVsyst TRIAL
PV Array Nb. of modules 18 Pnom total 6.66 kWp
Battery Model Enersol 250 Technology Lead-acid, vented, plates
Battery Pack Nb. of units 64 Voltage / Capacity 96 V / 1408 Ah
User's needs Daily household consumers Constant over the year Global 9149 kWh/year

Perspective of the PV-field and surrounding shading scene

PVsyst TRIAL

PVsyst TRIAL 90

75
Shading loss: 1 %
Shading loss: 5 %
11h
Shading loss: 10 %
Shading loss: 20 %
Shading loss: 40 %
Iso-shadings diagram
Bokaro
Beam shading factor (linear calculation) : Iso-shadings curves

Attenuation for diffuse: 20.112

and albedo: 0.773
3
112h
1: 22 june
2: 22 may - 23 july
3: 20 apr - 23 aug
13h
4: 20 mar - 23 sep
5: 21 feb - 23 oct
10h 6: 19 jan - 22 nov
4
7: 22 december
14h
60

9h 5
Sun height [[°]]

15h
6
45
7
8h

PVsyst TRIAL
16h

30
7h

17h

15 6h

Behind Behind
the plane the plane
0
-120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120
Azimuth [[°]]

PVsyst Evaluation mode

 PVSYST V6.85 30/11/19 Page 4/7

Stand alone system: Detailed User's needs

Project : Bokaro
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Stand alone system with batteries
Near Shadings Linear shadings
PV Field Orientation Seasonal tilt: summer/winter 9°/39° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model Somera VSM.72.370.05 Pnom 370 Wp

PVsyst TRIAL
PV Array Nb. of modules 18 Pnom total 6.66 kWp
Battery Model Enersol 250 Technology Lead-acid, vented, plates
Battery Pack Nb. of units 64 Voltage / Capacity 96 V / 1408 Ah
User's needs Daily household consumers Constant over the year Global 9149 kWh/year

Daily household consumers, Constant over the year, average = 25.1 kWh/day

Annual values

Number Power Use Energy

Lamps (LED or fluo) 4 36 W/lamp 12 h/day 1728 Wh/day
TV / PC / Mobile 1 200 W/app 7 h/day 1400 Wh/day
Air Conditioner or Heater 1 1690 W/app 9 h/day 15210 Wh/day

PVsyst TRIAL
Fridge / Deep-freeze 1 22 Wh/day 1505 Wh/day
Washing Machine 1 2 Wh/day 1200 Wh/day
Fans 1 500 W tot 8 h/day 4000 Wh/day
Stand-by consumers 24 h/day 24 Wh/day
Total daily energy 25067 Wh/day

Hourly profile
3500
[%]

3000
enegy

2500
2000
daily

1500
of

1000
Fraction

500

PVsyst TRIAL
0
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24

PVsyst TRIAL
PVsyst Evaluation mode
 PVSYST V6.85 30/11/19 Page 5/7

Stand alone system: Main results

Project : Bokaro
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Stand alone system with batteries
Near Shadings Linear shadings
PV Field Orientation Seasonal tilt: summer/winter 9°/39° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model Somera VSM.72.370.05 Pnom 370 Wp

PVsyst TRIAL
PV Array Nb. of modules 18 Pnom total 6.66 kWp
Battery Model Enersol 250 Technology Lead-acid, vented, plates
Battery Pack Nb. of units 64 Voltage / Capacity 96 V / 1408 Ah
User's needs Daily household consumers Constant over the year Global 9149 kWh/year

Main simulation results

System Production Available Energy 10116 kWh/year Specific prod. 1519 kWh/kWp/year
Used Energy 8929 kWh/year Excess (unused) 738 kWh/year
Performance Ratio PR 64.91 % Solar Fraction SF 97.60 %
Loss of Load Time Fraction 2.6 % Missing Energy 220 kWh/year
Battery ageing (State of Wear) Cycles SOW 97.1% Static SOW 81.3%
Battery lifetime 5.4 years

Normalized productions (per installed kWp): Nominal power 6.66 kWp Performance Ratio PR and Solar Fraction SF

PVsyst TRIAL
8 1.2
Lu : Unused energy (battery full) 0.3 kWh/kWp/day PR : Performance Ratio (Yf / Yr) : 0.649
1.1
7 Lc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses) 1.27 kWh/kWp/day SF : Solar Fraction (ESol / ELoad) : 0.976
Ls : System losses and battery charging 0.41 kWh/kWp/day 1.0
[kWh/kWp/day]

Yf : Energy supplied to the user 3.67 kWh/kWp/day

6 0.9
Performance Ratio PR

0.8
5
0.7
Energy

4 0.6

0.5
Normalized

3
0.4

2 0.3

0.2
1
0.1

0 0.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

PVsyst TRIAL GlobHor

kWh/m²
GlobEff
kWh/m²
New simulation variant
Balances and main results

E_Avail
kWh
EUnused
kWh
E_Miss
kWh
E_User
kWh
E_Load
kWh
SolFrac

January 130.3 152.7 883.3 43.6 0.0 777.1 777.1 1.000

February 141.4 155.4 880.3 114.9 0.0 701.9 701.9 1.000
March 178.7 173.3 956.6 149.0 0.0 777.1 777.1 1.000
April 190.7 177.0 963.0 160.9 0.0 752.0 752.0 1.000
May 203.1 184.1 999.4 174.3 0.0 777.1 777.1 1.000
June 167.0 147.7 821.0 37.8 0.0 752.0 752.0 1.000
July 140.6 124.0 694.6 0.1 0.0 777.1 777.1 1.000
August 140.6 125.1 704.9 0.1 103.2 673.8 777.1 0.867

PVsyst TRIAL
September 130.4 118.9 669.5 0.0 90.8 661.2 752.0 0.879
October 142.2 143.9 806.9 0.0 26.0 751.1 777.1 0.967
November 129.7 148.2 841.5 13.6 0.0 752.0 752.0 1.000
December 127.9 155.4 895.3 43.9 0.0 777.1 777.1 1.000

Year 1822.6 1805.7 10116.2 738.2 220.0 8929.4 9149.5 0.976

Legends: GlobHor Horizontal global irradiation E_Miss Missing energy

GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings E_User Energy supplied to the user
E_Avail Available Solar Energy E_Load Energy need of the user (Load)
EUnused Unused energy (battery full) SolFrac Solar fraction (EUsed / ELoad)

PVsyst Evaluation mode

 PVSYST V6.85 30/11/19 Page 6/7

Stand alone system: Special graphs

Project : Bokaro
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Stand alone system with batteries
Near Shadings Linear shadings
PV Field Orientation Seasonal tilt: summer/winter 9°/39° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model Somera VSM.72.370.05 Pnom 370 Wp

PVsyst TRIAL
PV Array Nb. of modules 18 Pnom total 6.66 kWp
Battery Model Enersol 250 Technology Lead-acid, vented, plates
Battery Pack Nb. of units 64 Voltage / Capacity 96 V / 1408 Ah
User's needs Daily household consumers Constant over the year Global 9149 kWh/year

Daily Input/Output diagram

50
Effective energy at the output of the array [kWh/day]

Values from 01/01 to 31/12

40

PVsyst TRIAL
30

20

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Global incident in coll. plane [kWh/m².day]

PVsyst TRIAL

PVsyst TRIAL
PVsyst Evaluation mode
 PVSYST V6.85 30/11/19 Page 7/7

Stand alone system: Loss diagram

Project : Bokaro
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Stand alone system with batteries
Near Shadings Linear shadings
PV Field Orientation Seasonal tilt: summer/winter 9°/39° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model Somera VSM.72.370.05 Pnom 370 Wp

PVsyst TRIAL
PV Array Nb. of modules 18 Pnom total 6.66 kWp
Battery Model Enersol 250 Technology Lead-acid, vented, plates
Battery Pack Nb. of units 64 Voltage / Capacity 96 V / 1408 Ah
User's needs Daily household consumers Constant over the year Global 9149 kWh/year

Loss diagram over the whole year

1823 kWh/m² Horizontal global irradiation

+13.3% Global incident in coll. plane

-0.05% Global incident below threshold

-10.25% Near Shadings: irradiance loss

PVsyst TRIAL 1806 kWh/m² * 35 m² coll.

efficiency at STC = 19.27%

12154 kWh
-2.59%

-0.60%
IAM factor on global

Effective irradiation on collectors

PV conversion

Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)

PV loss due to irradiance level

-10.82% PV loss due to temperature

+0.75% Module quality loss

-1.10% Mismatch loss, modules and strings

-0.68% Ohmic wiring loss
-6.92% Unused energy (battery full)

PVsyst TRIAL 9924 kWh

-5.47%
-0.04%
0.00%
0.00%
Effective energy at the output of the array

Converter Loss during operation (efficiency)

Converter Loss due to power threshold
Converter Loss over nominal conv. voltage
Converter Loss due to voltage threshold
9378 kWh Converter losses (effic, overload)
Direct use Stored Battery Storage
Missing 50.7% 49.3% +0.61% Battery Stored Energy balance
energy
2.40% -2.14% Battery efficiency loss
220.0 kWh
-1.44% Charge/Disch. Current Efficiency Loss
-0.97% Gassing Current (electrolyte dissociation)

PVsyst TRIAL
-1.03% Battery Self-discharge Current
8929 kWh Energy supplied to the user

9149 kWh Energy need of the user (Load)

PVsyst Evaluation mode