In the following pages, we will tell you about global warming, its effects and what

you can do to help. In today’s world, we can no longer be bound within national
boundaries or national interests only. Modern technology has helped to weave an
intricate network of social and economic inter-relationships linking all nations
together. Thus, we have to take on a more global perspective in planning and this has
also become true in addressing environmental concerns. The depletion of the ozone
layer and the greenhouse effect are environmental threats that will affect all nations.
More UV radiation reach Earth’s surface. This causes skin cancer and cataracts.
Ecology of oceans is expected to be affected by subsequent adverse effects on
plankton growth and marine life in general. The global temperature is expected to rise
by about 1.5 to 4.5 degrees Celsius, causing polar ice caps to melt. The sea level will
rise by about 200mm to 1.4m.

Depletion in The Ozone Layer

Climate change is an international issue. It refers to a change of climate directly or

indirectly to human activities that alter the composition of the global atmosphere.
Climate change is likely to have a significant effect on the global environment such as
flooding, frequent severe storms and disruption of unmanaged ecosystems. Human
society will face new risks and pressures, such as food and water shortages, disruption
of resources as well as damage to physical infrastructure, settlements and human
health.

Research analysis using supercomputer

Simulation predicting future global warming, based on various carbon　dioxide emissions
predicted that air temperatures in 2100 will be 3.3 to 5.5 degrees Celsius warmer, and that the
temperature increase will be greatest at higher latitudes in the northern hemisphere. imate
model　that predicts how surface temperatures scenarios. These are the results of a cl will
change between now and the　year 2100. They
Global Environmental Monitoring
The Center for Global Environmental Research promotes global environmental
monitoring in cooperation with related institutions around the world. Its purpose is to
determine the current state of the global environment, clarify the key factors involved
in long-term environmental change, and evaluate the impacts of human activities.

Global Warming
CGER is measuring greenhouse gases in a number of ways: baseline concentration
measurements at automatic monitoring stations situated on Hateruma Island in
Okinawa and Cape Ochi-Ishi in Hokkaido, observation of vertical distribution in the
air over Siberia by aircraft, and measurement of atmosphere-ocean carbon dioxide
exchange. The ocean monitoring is done in cooperation with two regular service
cargo ships on route in the Pacific Ocean, where no other monitoring stations exist.

Terrestrial Ecosystems
CGER is conducting comprehensive forest monitoring and research of carbon dioxide
flux and other parameters in order to learn more about the carbon dioxide
sequestration in forest ecosystems. The monitoring is conducted in two forests in
Hokkaido: Tomakomai National Forest and Hokkaido University Teshio
Experimental Forest. At the Tomakomai National Forest (featuring Japanese larch)
we are carrying out monitoring work, in cooperation with the Hokkaido Forest Office,
as well as developing and testing flux measurement methodologies. We have
established this forest as a key observation center for the Asian region. As a part of
joint research involving industry, government, and the academic community, CGER
is conducting long-term observation of changes in the material circulation functions
of forests at the Teshio Experimental Forest, with a focus on silvicultural processes.

Stratospheric Ozone Layer

CGER is conducting comprehensive observations in the northern stratosphere with a
city-operated observatory at Rikubetsu-cho, Hokkaido, in collaboration with Nagoya
University. We are also implementing measurements of the vertical distribution of
stratospheric ozone over Tsukuba (NIES). In addition, CGER is acting as a core
center for a national network that monitors harmful ultraviolet rays. We are also
responsible for processing and analyzing observational data obtained from sensors
(ILAS- II and SOFIS) mounted on a satellite, which is in plan for launch to monitor

the ozon
e layer. The Greenhouse Effect