Proposal T-2007-SA05

Determining the
Carbon Footprint of
the 2010 FIFA World
Cup in Durban
ECON-Proposal no.T-2007-SA05 Confidential
RSF, 10 May 2007

Determining the
Carbon Footprint of
the 2010 FIFA World
Cup in Durban

Prepared for FutureWorks

10 May 2007

ECON Analysis
PO Box 5, Oslo, 0051, Norway. Phone: + 47 45 40 50 00, Fax: + 47 22 42 00 40
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Table of Contents:
TABLE OF CONTENTS: .......................................................................................2
1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................17
2 BACKGROUND..........................................................................................17
2.1 Objectives ...........................................................................................17
3 METHODOLOGY.......................................................................................18
4 WORK PLAN AND TIMELINE.................................................................20
4.1 Reporting and schedule.......................................................................20
4.2 Quality control ....................................................................................21
5 PROJECT STAFFING .................................................................................21
6 FINANCIAL PROPOSAL ...........................................................................22
6.1.1 Professional fees........................................................................23
6.2 Terms and Conditions .........................................................................23
6.2.1 Terms of contract.......................................................................23
6.2.2 Terms of payment......................................................................23
6.2.3 Validity ......................................................................................23
7 RELEVANT EXPERIENCE .......................................................................23
7.1 Competencies and experience.............................................................24
8 REFERENCES CITED ................................................................................25
Annex 1 – Curricula Vitae of Team Members .............................................26
Annex 2 – Company Brochure.....................................................................26
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1 Introduction
This proposal is prepared in response to the Terms of Reference received from
Nicci Diederichs on 4 May 2007, and subsequent telephone conversation.
The proposal is made by ECON Analysis, hereafter referred to as the Consultant.
Our key contact person for this proposal is:
Name: Randall Spalding-Fecher Tel: 082 857 9486
Email: Spalding-fecher@tiscali.co.za Fax: 021 790 2584
Address: PO Box 26441 Hout Bay 7872

2 Background
Throughout the world major sports events are being recognised as having a global
environmental impact. The large numbers of people travelling to and from these
events, the construction and use of energy consumptive stadia and associated
facilities, as well as the consumption associated with these events have raised
concerns about the total environmental, and specifically carbon, footprints of such
events. This translates into a concern for greater responsibility in these events to
reduce climate change impacts and raise awareness of such issues.
Durban has been identified as one of the 2010 FIFA World Cup Host Cities. In the
2006 FIFA World Cup held in Germany, a programme known as “Green Goal”
was established that aimed to ensure that the environmental impacts from energy
use, water use, waste management, and transport were reduced as much as
possible, and that the remaining carbon emissions were offset so that the event
was “carbon neutral”. A similar programme is currently being established for the
2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. In order to plan for projects and initiatives
that will offset carbon emissions from the event, the carbon footprint of the event
in the Durban area must first be established.

2.1 Objectives
The objective of the study is to calculate a “first pass” baseline carbon footprint
(i.e. without any emissions reduction measures) of the 2010 FIFA World Cup
Soccer events and associated activities undertaken in the Durban area.
In addition, the study will propose a process to refine the carbon footprint, to
identify mitigations that would reduce energy use within the event, and to identify
emissions reductions projects within South Africa that could offset the residual
emissions from the event. The information generated will be used to develop a
range of carbon sequestration and carbon offset projects locally.

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3 Methodology
The Green Goal Project for the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany consisted of a
wide variety of measures to reduce the direct and indirect environmental impacts
of the event and associated activities and travel within Germany (Öko Intitute for
Applied Ecology 2003; Stahl et al. 2007). The areas targeted included energy use,
waste use, waste management and transport. The carbon footprint was calculated
by the Öko Institute for Applied Ecology (www.oeko.de) using the Global
Emissions Model for Integrated Systems (GEMIS)1. The Green Goal project also
provided for offsetting the remaining carbon footprint (i.e. after the energy and
transport interventions) with emissions reduction projects in developing countries.
One of these projects was in South Africa, a fuel switching from coal to biomass
project at a large fruit farm.
The first phase of this study would be to prepare a “first pass” baseline carbon
footprint for the Durban portion of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The boundaries
for this study would be the Durban metropolitan area for the stadium energy use,
accommodation, and local transport, and South Africa for the transport to Durban
segment. This will involve the following activities:
• assessing what type of modelling approach is appropriate for the carbon
footprint for this event (e.g. GEMIS, LEAP2)
• identifying the data required to populate the model, and what would be
available from the Organising Committee and Durban City Council, as
well as what further research would be necessary to refine the data sets
used. This “first pass” would be based on data that is currently available
without further research, but would also highlight further work necessary
to improve the accuracy of the modelling.
• collecting the available data from the various stakeholders involved in the
2010 World Cup planning in Durban, including the stadium designers,
City Departments, Organising Committee, etc.
• preparing a report explaining the carbon footprint methodology used, the
sources and volumes of carbon emissions expected from the event, and
the timeframe over which these will be generated. This would also cover
any interventions to reduce emissions that have already been included in
the overall business plan for the event.
• A framework for considering mitigation options and offset opportunities,
based on the experience in similar events.
The second phase of this work would be on the identification and quantification of
opportunities to reduce the environmental impact of the event. This is a much
larger exercise, and beyond the scope of this initial proposal. As part of this work,
however, the Consultant would prepare a proposal for the second phase. This
would be informed by both the experience of the 2006 FIFA World Cup and also
of the Greening of WSSD/Johannesburg Climate Legacy programme (Norrish

1
http://oeko-institut.org/service/gemis/en/
2
Long-Range Energy Alternatives Planning model from Stockholm Environment Institute
(http://www.energycommunity.org/

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2002; United Nations 2004). The second phase would necessarily involve more
stakeholder engagement, and the Consultant would also bring in other partners
with relevant expertise in building systems, transport management, renewable
energy & energy efficiency, waste conservation, and waste management. This
would be discussed with the client during the first phase. There are also important
issues that would need to be addressed about national, provincial and municipal
roles in “Green Goal”, stakeholder engagement, and the process for evaluating
offsets projects.
The principal assumption in the first phase of work is that the Consultant would
be able to access sufficient existing data and projections to populate the carbon
footprint model. This would include, among other things:
General
• Number of visitors to Durban during the World Cup, and the share of total
visitors to South Africa (NB: it may be useful to divide these visitors into
spectators, players/guests, staff/media)
• The number of nights visitors would stay in Durban during the event
• Number of matches to be played in Durban out of the total number during
the World Cup
Stadium
• The lifetime of the stadium and expected number of events per year over
that lifetime
• The energy demand from the stadium (kVa/MW and GWh) per event and
during non-event periods for different services (e.g. floodlighting, other
lighting, hot water, refrigeration, cooking/concessions), and the sources of
that energy (e.g. electricity, fuel oil, diesel, LPG)
• Construction materials required for the stadium and any related buildings
for the event (i.e. approximate tonnes of cement, steel, glass,
sand/aggregates, plastics, other metals)
Transport
• Expected mode of travel of visitors to Durban (e.g. air, rail, passenger car,
public bus, private coaches of different capacities), their origins within SA
(e.g. Johannesburg, Cape Town) (NB: as in 2006 World Cup analysis, the
footprint will not include international travel to SA, since this is outside
the control of the organisers of the event)
• Expected mode of travel of visitors within the Durban metropolitan area
(e.g. passenger car, public bus, private coaches of different capacities,
rail), their distances of travel, and the specific energy consumption of the
different modes (e.g. energy units per passenger-km for car, bus, rail)
Other energy issues
• The mix of electricity supply to Durban and the event (e.g. Eskom, own
generation, independent power producers)
• Commercial energy consumption in hotels/office buildings
Where local inputs are not available for these parameters, examples from other
databases or the 2006 World Cup analysis will be used. As this is anticipated to

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be a desk top study, the Consultant would ask the Client to provide the links to
relevant stakeholders in Durban that might have access to the necessary data.

4 Work plan and timeline

Following the activities described in the previous section, the work plan and
outputs are presented in Table 4.1 below. The Consultant will communicate with
the client the choice of modelling approach and the data needs, so that the Client
can assist in either providing the necessary data or referring the Consultant to the
appropriate sources. The draft report would be submitted to the client for
comments, and then a final draft prepared that would also include a framework for
evaluating mitigation and offset options.
This workplan does not include the phase II activities of identifying mitigation
opportunities within the event development and offsets within South Africa. A
proposal for these activities could be included in the final phase I report if
requested by the Client.
Table 4.1 Phase I work plan
Ref Task Output
1 Determine modelling approach Email to client confirming approach; model
procured
2 Identify Data Needs Detailed request submitted to client via email
3 Collection of local data and Model database
international benchmarks
4 Analysis of footprint Draft Report
5 Develop framework for options Final Report (plus proposal if required)
in Phase II

4.1 Reporting and schedule

The following reports will be delivered during the project:
• Draft Phase I report: This report will include the draft carbon footprint and
all of the analysis and assumptions behind this. The timing of this report
will depend on the access to and availability of data from the Client.
• Final Phase I report: Two weeks after receipt of written comments to the
draft report, we will submit a final report

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Table 4.2 Milestones

Milestone Milestone date
Project start-up 15 May
Email detailed data request to client Ten days after start-up
Submission of draft report End of June

Submission of final report Mid-July

4.2 Quality control

All ECON projects are subject to an internal quality control process. A senior
member of staff with experience in this area is assigned as quality controller. This
person is involved in project planning and reviews all deliverables provided to the
client.
Executive summaries of final reports are subject to an additional level of quality
control where the Managing Director or his designate reviews the summary. The
intention of this additional level of control is to ensure that Executive Summaries
clearly and precisely communicate the core findings and recommendations to
someone whom has not been intimately involved in the execution of the analysis.

5 Project staffing
The proposed staffing for the project is given below.
Project Randall Spalding-Fecher
Leader
Randall Spalding-Fecher (BA, Harvard; MALD, Fletcher School of Law and
Diplomacy, Tufts) has 10 years experience in energy and climate change analysis.
Prior to joining ECON, he spent 6 years at the Energy & Development Research
Centre, University of Cape Town, leading the energy and environment
programme of research, policy advice and teaching. He has special expertise in
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) methodology and project development,
energy economics, mitigation analysis, and energy efficiency analysis. His
experience includes reviewing and consolidating CDM baseline and monitoring
methodologies, as well as serving as a consultant to the UNFCCC on additionality
testing, technical guidelines for baseline methodologies, witnessing of carbon
auditors (proposed DOEs) and analysing requests for registration of CDM
projects.
He advises private sector industry clients on CDM potential, has served as a
policy advisor to the South African government on climate change and energy and
has led capacity building programmes to support government, NGO’s and the
private sector in Southern Africa. He guides a large number of projects within the
area of energy and environment, for carbon project development to climate policy
and strategy.
Randall Spalding-Fecher has contributed numerous professional articles, peer
reviewed conference papers and research monographs on climate change, energy,
and CDM. He developed the CDM Guidebook for Southern Africa, and has

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published peer reviewed articles on CDM project analysis, energy policies and
sustainable development, energy efficiency and economic analysis of energy
projects.
Quality Anne-Franziska Skinner
Control
Anne-Franziska Sinner is an industrial engineer specializing on the Carbon
Market and Carbon due diligence services. She holds a Master of Industrial
Engineering for Energy- and Environmental Management as a degree.
Anne-Franziska is working as a consultant at the ECON office in Copenhagen.
She mainly works with carbon market analysis, specializing on the EU ETS.
Moreover, she has been developed a web based CO2 footprint calculator to
estimate CO2 emissions for individuals for the Danish Environmental Ministry.
Her consulting experience has been focused on market analysis of the European
emission trading system, measures and instruments in climate change and
renewable energies and on the voluntary carbon offsets market.
In her work, Anne-Franziska has concentrated on the carbon market modeling,
market analysis and price forecasts, specializing in the EU ETS and its linkage to
the Kyoto Protocol project-based carbon trading mechanisms. Also, she has been
involved in CDM project development activities in Asia and West Africa.
Recently, Franziska has focused her work on the voluntary carbon market and
carbon offsets. Beside market analysis and advisory services on verified emission
standards, she worked with CO2 inventories of different regions and institutions.
CVs of all staff members are presented in Annex 1.

6 Financial proposal
The overall budget is presented below.
Our proposed budget for the project is as follows:
Table 6.1 Summary budget (Rands)

Professional fees 85,000

Reimbursable expenses* 3,000
TOTAL 88,000
*Provision is made for one trip to Durban, if necessary. This amount will not be billed if
the trip is not necessary.
The price quoted above is exclusive of VAT. The project is exempt from VAT
because it will be contracted with ECON in Denmark.

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6.1.1 Professional fees

Table 6.2 Professional fees (Rands)
Name Time Rate Amount
(days) (R/day) (R)
Randall Spalding-Fecher 13.0 6,000 78,000
Franziska Skinner 1.0 7,000 7,000
TOTAL 14.0 85,000

6.2 Terms and Conditions

6.2.1 Terms of contract
This is a fixed price bid.
6.2.2 Terms of payment
The first payment of 50% of the total budget will be invoiced upon submission of
the Draft Report. A final payment of 50% of the total budget will be invoiced
upon submission of the Final Report
All payments to ECON Analysis shall be paid into ECON’s designated bank
account in Denmark.
Any amount not paid within sixty (60) days from the date of invoice shall attract
interest from the due date until receipt of payment by ECON at a rate equivalent
to 3% per annum above the base lending rate of ECON’s designated bank.

6.2.3 Validity
Our proposal remains open for acceptance for a period of three months from 10
May 2007 and is then subject to confirmation.

7 Relevant Experience
ECON is a research and consulting firm specializing in the field of applied
economics. Our expertise covers a wide range of economic sectors, with particular
expertise in energy, environment, macro-economics, financial markets, labour
market policy, public sector reforms and insight into a variety of industrial sub-
sectors.
We offer professional advice, information services and research expertise to a
variety of public and private sector clients. The company is active in Norway,
Sweden, continental Europe, South Africa and a range of other developing
countries. We network extensively with other firms to offer multi-disciplinary
competence and local knowledge and insights.
ECON combines research and consulting activities within one organisation. Our
competitive strength is that we are able to leverage our understanding of an issue
gained through long-term research projects. This leverage gives us an ability to
utilize the knowledge, insights and methodologies in a consulting environment.

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ECON has been working at the interface of energy and environment issues since
1990. The company has over 15 years experience with the development of
regulatory systems in power and oil and gas, energy market analysis, investment
feasibility studies, electrification and rural energy, energy efficiency, and
renewable energy. ECON has around 100 staff at its offices in Norway, Sweden,
Denmark, France and maintains a presence in South Africa.
ECON has a core staff of 10 climate change experts, including full time staff in
South Africa, and can draw on the broader technical expertise of an additional 40
professional staff with experience in energy sector issues and environmental
analysis and policies.
Annex Two presents our company brochure, and additional details can be found at
www.econ.no

7.1 Competencies and experience

Some of the key recent projects that are relevant to this assignment include the
following:
• ECON conducted an initial analysis of Green Point Stadium for the 2010
World Cup as a potential for CDM project development (Spalding-Fecher
& Van Es 2006).
• ECON developed a carbon footprint calculator for the Danish
Environment Ministry that covers emissions from household energy use,
land and air transport3 .
• ECON is preparing a new baseline methodology and project design
document for a major biodiesel investment in South Africa
• ECON is assisting a major South African municipality to value their
landfill gas assets as CDM projects or for further energy development
• ECON is working with private sector firms in South Africa and
Mozambique to develop Project Design Documents for cement sector
CDM projects
• ECON screened and then developed 7 CDM project concept notes in
Zambia, which have not been pre-approved by the World Bank’s
Community Development Carbon Fund
• ECON advised the consortium preparing the Western Cape Climate
Change Response Strategy, providing review and feedback on mitigation
and adaptation options.
• ECON coordinated and edited the Department of Science & Technology’s
Climate Change Research & Development Strategy development process.
• ECON is working with Malaysian Government, through the Danish
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to strengthen institutional capacity for CDM
including dissemination of information to the public and private sector as

3
http://www.1tonmindre.dk/beregner_start.asp?m=1

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part of the broader objective to facilitate the use of the mechanism and
reduce transaction costs.
• For the European Commission, ECON undertook private sector capacity
building in Southern Africa with EU and local partners to develop energy
efficiency, co-generation and renewable energy investment projects under
the CDM in South Africa, Botswana, Zambia, Mozambique, Swaziland,
and Zimbabwe.
• ECON supported the South African Department of Environmental Affairs
and Tourism (DEAT) in developing and implementing a climate change
strategy and the institutional structure for the management of all climate
change related matters within DEAT and other relevant departments.
• ECON has developed an approach for establishing greenhouse gas
emission baselines for electricity supply and consumption in the Southern
African Power Pool as a regional baseline, providing a reference case for
calculating emission reductions of power sector CDM projects.
• For the World Bank´s Global Gas Flaring Reduction Public Private
Partnership, ECON explored how and under what circumstances oil and
gas investments can attract CDM financing.

8 References cited
CCT & PGWC 2006. 2010 FIFA World Cup Cape Town & the Western Cape
Business Plan. Cape Town, City of Cape Town & Provincial Government
of the Western Cape. 31 October.
Durban Solid Waste 2006. Durban Landfill-gas-to-electricity project –
Mariannhill and La Mercy Landfills. Project Design Document (0545).
Registered 15 December 2006. Bonn, UNFCCC
Norrish, P 2002. The Johannesburg Climate Legacy: Executive Summary & Call
to Action. London, Future Forests.
Öko Intitute for Applied Ecology 2003. Green Goal - Environmental goals for the
2006 FIFA World Cup. Berlin.
Spalding-Fecher, R & Van Es, D 2006. Pre-feasibility CDM assessment for New
Green Point Stadium. Cape Town, ECON Analysis & Energy Reseach
Institute.
Stahl, H, Hochfeld, C & Schmied, M 2007. Green Goal Legacy Report. Frankfurt
Am Main, Organizing Committee (OC) 2006 FIFA World Cup.
United Nations 2004. The Johannesburg Climate Legacy. Partnerships for
Sustainable Development. Accessed 6 May, 2007.
http://webapps01.un.org/dsd/partnerships/public/partnerships/15.html.

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Annexes

Annex 1 – Curricula Vitae of Team Members

Annex 2 – Company Brochure

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