A-level Physics Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School kkwan12/28/2006/F7/mock

A-LEVEL SYLLABUS

Section A : Mechanics Year

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
1 Statics Qualitative treatment only
Friction. Distinction between static
(including the limiting case)
and kinetic friction.

Moment of a force Moment of a force as the

product of the force and its
perpendicular distance from
the pivot. Knowledge and use
of torques and couples. The
principle of moments and its
applications in simple
balanced situations.

Static Equilibrium. Two-dimensional treatment

only. Conditions for
equilibrium of forces acting on
a point mass and a rigid body.
Centre of gravity and its
experimental determination.
Stability (very briefly).

Kinematics. Displacement, velocity and L.Qn

Uniformly accelerated motion in acceleration in one dimension. (1a-c) error
one dimension Graphical representation. estimation
Essay (1b)
Knowledge and use of Stopping
equations of uniformly distance

accelerated motion.

Dynamics. Knowledge and use of Essay Essay (1a) Essay (1a) L.Qn (2) L. Qn 2(a) Essay (1b) L.Qn (1)
Newton’s laws of motion Newton’s laws of motion. (1a)meaning Newton 's laws 3rd law, Newton's 2nd Newton's 2nd law Jumping (action- force constant of a
of 2nd and 3rd : rain drop, law : pulley : force constant reaction) and spring, device to
with mass. and weight launching of measure
law collision on wall,
rockets acceleration with
satellite.
mass and spring,
and a potential
divider .
Qn 4 (c)
terminal veolcity
and net force
6 Application of the principle of a. Use of the impulse-momentum Essay (1) L.Qn (6a)
conservation of linear momentum equation Ft = mv - mu. inertia, Newton's Launching of a
2nd law, spacecraft
in one and two dimensions Consistency of Newton's 3rd convervation of
law with consercation of linear momentum from
Nenwton's laws,
momentum. Distinction etc
between elastic and inelastic
collision.

b. Principle of measuring inertial

mass, e.g. using mx/my=∆Vy/∆Vx
for explosive separation of two
masses initially at rest.
c. Equivalence of inertial and
gravitational mass.
d. Examples of linear conservation Essay (1b) Essay (1) Essay (1c)
to include recoil of rifles, Derivation of head-on collision
of a alpha particle
collision of a particles with linear
and a gold nucleus.
momentum &
helium atoms. (analysis of cloud conservation of
Energy change.

chamber photographs). K.E. in collision L.Qn (6b)

Collision among
two astronauts and
a toolbox

Work, energy and power. Understanding of the Essay (1a) L.Qn (2a) Essay L.Qn (1)
relationship between work and Derviation of K.E.
= 1/2 mv2
elastic energy (1ai) force constant of a
spring, device to
different forms of energy. Deduce the
measure
kinetic energy
Work as transfer of energy of a moving
acceleration with
mass and spring,
defined by W = Fs cosθ. object. and a potential
Knowledge and use of change Essay (1b) .
divider
of gravitational potential W.D. L.Qn (6a)
energy, mgΔh. Kinetic energy= Launching of a
spacecraft
½mv2derived from the energy
transferred. Power as the rate
at which energy is transferred.
Knowledge and use of P = F v
cosθ. Efficiency.
Law of conservation of energy.
Knowledge and use of the
transformations between
potential energy and kinetic
energy.

2 Projectile motion a. Independence of horizontal and L.Qn (2) L.Qn(1) Essay (1a) L.Qn (1) Essay (1a) L. Qn (7 L.Qn (4)
vertical motions. Simple linked with E-
field between
table Energy of a Car taking off a
ramp
Resultant force and
motion
a-c) Electron
calculations. tennis ball which is Ball in E-field.
two parallel
projected projection, Essay
plates
horizontally calculation
1(ab)
Monkey and
hunter
experiment

b. Terminal velocity (e.g. of a Essay (1a)

parachutist). raindrop

3 Circular Motion a. Angular velocity w in rad/s. Essay (1a) Essay (1a-

Linear velocity v = r ω. c)

b. Centripetal acceleration a = v2/r. Essay (6) passenger in a car glass tube & L. Qn (1) Essay (1a) L.Qn (1) L.Qn (6)
over a hamp feels rubber bung.
Examples to include vehicles Derivation of F
= mv2 / r, conical
lighter centrifuge
Rotor and Resultant force and Object on a Rotating system
artificial gravity motion rotating disc of rods, graph
rounding bends (with or without pendulum, plotting
banking), aircraft turning in centrifuge Essay (1a)
flight, looping the loop, the deduce both
magnitude and
centrifuge (qualitatively). direction of
acceleration,
conical
pendulum, turn
a conera with a
bike.

4 Simple harmonic motion a. Isochronous oscillation. Essay (1) Essay (6a) Essay (6) L.Qn (1) Essay(1a) L. Qn (7a) L. Qn(2bc) Essay (1a)
definition Ball Bearing vertical mass- Condition for
on the cancave spring system simple harmonic.
side of a
cylindrical lens
b. Acceleration a = -ω2x, simple pendulum,
x(t), v(t), and a(t),
Definition of a
S.H.M.
mass-spring mass-spring
system(one box system(one trolley
L.Qn L.Qn L.Qn (2b)
displacement x = a sin ωt (or a & one spring), with two spring), (1 a - c) (1a,c) Essay(1b)
cos ωt) Period.
kinematics,
Dynamics,
Essay (b)
Dynamics of
S.H.M.

c. Simple harmonic motion Essay (1a)

developed through analysis of Resultant force and
motion
uniform motion in a circle
(rotating vector model).
d. Applications to include the measurement of
gravity (g) by T=
graph of T vs m L.Qn (1) L.Qn (1) Essay(1c) Qn (1) L. Qn (1) Essay (1bc) L.Qn (6)
simple pendulum and loaded load spring mass-spring pendulum Mass-spring vibrating rod Simple mass on a
2π (l / g) 1/2 system (graph)
system pendulum. Deduce platform
spring. experiment
theoretically and connected to a
verify vertical spring.
experimentally.
Effect on the
pendulum on moon
and in a spaceship.

e. Quantitative treatment of kinetic graph of P.E. (t) P.E. (x) and L.Qn (1b) L.Qn(1b)
and K.E. (t) K.E. (x), the
and potential energy. effect on period
if spring has
mass

f. Phase lead and phase lag Essay(1b)

through rotating vector model.

Mechanics 第1頁
A-level Physics Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School kkwan12/28/2006/F7/mock

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
5 Resonance. Force vibration and Qualitative treatment only. Essay (3) * Essay damping damping L. Qn (7b) L. Qn (1) L.Qn
damping Mechanical, acoustic and resonance in a.c. (6b) Forced Light damping (1)(b)(iv)
circuit and atom. Essay (3ab)
electrical examples. Link with mathematics Oscillation
forced oscillationa
earthquake and
resonance of a
for damping
experiments in other parts of the and resaonance, mass-spring
syllabus. phase relationship,
amplitude vs
system..

frequency in light
and heavy
damping. Design
of the suspension
of a car.
Resonance in
electrical and
acoustic examples.

7 Condition of equilibrium of a rigid Derivation of the formula for I in Essay (1b) L.Qn (7) Essay (1b- L.Qn (10) L. Qn 1
body. Rotational motion of a rigid specific cases is not required, but Definition of meaning of I = d)Factors of
moment of inertia mr2, torsional
body about a fixed axis. Moment the factors determining I should from K.E. oscillation
moment of inertia
(I),
of inertia and its physical be understood.
significance. Angular momentum
and its conservation. Torque.

Essay (1c) Iw= constant for a

The equation T = d (Iω) / d t and rotating body,
Hollow and solid
L = I ω. Illustrations to include cylinders along an
hollow & solid
cylinders along an
the motion of ice-skaters, ballet inclined plane
inclined plane
dancers, acrobats, and the high (greater speed?)

divers (quanlitively).

8 Energy stored in a rotating rigid Derivation of K.E. = I ω2 / 2. Essay (1b, L.Qn(6)

body. Energy storage in flywheels. 1d)moment of flywheel :
inertia of a flywheel expt
Use in motor vehicle engines.

6 Gravitational fields
Inverse square law
Newton 's law of gravitation for L. Qn (7) L. Qn (7) L. Qn (3) L.Qn (1)
point mass and its extension to
spherically symmetrical bodies
(proof not required). Method of
measuring the gravitational
constant G is not required.

Field strength g g taken as force per unit mass. g Essay (1b) Essay (1b) Essay (1c)
of the Earth 's field, its relation g-field with Effect of cannon
earth's rotation
with G, its variation with height Earth's rotation
on (I) the
ball round the
Earth.
above the Earth 's latitude weight at
(assuming the Earth to be a equator, (ii)
period of a
sphere of uniform density). mass-spring
s.h.m. system

Gravitational potential V Derivation of U = - GMm / r L. Qn (9) L.Qn (2)

GRAVITATIONAL P.E. (U) considering the potential at potential on Energy
infinity to be zero. earth's analysis of a
surface, rocket maoing
round the Earth.
speed of Escape speed.
escape,
Field strength g = - dV / dr. kepler's 3rd L. Qn (3bii)
Velocity of escape and law (graph) Velocity of escape
(E-field)
launching of satellites.

Circular orbits (including ' L. Qn (7a) Essay (1d) L.Qn (8ai) L. Qn (6a) L.Qn (6b) L.Qn (2)
parking orbit'). Orbital speed Space shuttle in a Circular orbit orbital
circular orbit
around the earth speed around
the earth
Weightlessness. Essay (1c)

Kepler 's law Quantitative treatment of Essay (1c)

Planetary Motion circular orbits only. Derivation of
kelper 's third
Knowledge and use of Kepler’s law, M
laws. Consistency of Kepler’s dependent of the
proportional
law (r3/T2= constant) with constant
Newton’s law of gravitation.

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 A-level Physics Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School kkwan12/28/2006/F.7/mock

A-LEVEL SYLLABUS

Section B : Wave Motion Year

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
1 Wave Propagation. Nature of a. Questions will not be set on the Essay (3a, Essay (2a) L.Qn (3) + L. Qn (2a) L.Qn (7) L. Qn (2a) Essay (2a)
motions in longitudinal and traverse 3c) polarization Longitudnal P wave and S- Motion of a
equation y = a sin (ωt + kx), but an wave in
Difference
progressive waves. Relation wave transverse wave between light
understanding of the variation of motion
earthquake
and sound
between v, λ and f. Velocity of displacement with time (x constant) Essay (2a) waves
propagation of mechanical waves and with distance (t constant) in a mechanical and
along stretched strings or spring and progressive wave is expected. em wave
in solid.

b. Factor affecting the speed of III (4) L.Qn (3bi) L. Qn (2b) L.Qn (9c) L. Qn(2b)
propagation. The expression calcaultion

v = (T/m)1/2 and (E / ρ)1/2 (Proof

not required).

2 Wave phenonmena Familiarity with ripple tank

experiments is assumed from lower
level work.

Huygen 's principle Explanation of laws of reflection and Essay (2a) Essay (2a) Essay (2b)
refraction.

Reflection a. Examples to include brief discussion L. Qn (9) L.Qn (2b) L.Qn (2b) Essay (2b) L.Qn (3)
of radar, sonar and long distance Reflection working SONAR

propagation of radio waves by on a fixed principles of

surface sonar and radar
reflection from the ionosphere. (longitudnal)

b. Phase change on reflection,

illustrated from example, using a
slinky spring.

Refraction Refraction as a result of change in L.Qn (3) L.Qn (3) Essay (2c)
wave speeds. Refractive index in light through SONAR Tsunami
a glass sphere
terms of speeds. waves.

Polarization a. Polarisation by selective absorption, L.Qn (3) L.Qn (6a) Essay

reflection and scattering. selective (2)(a)
absroption why light can
with antennas be polarized but
Essay not sound.
Scattering of
(3) light.
scattering and
polariod
sunglass
b. Practical applications to include Essay 2(b) Sunglass

polaroid spectacles, VHF and UHF Spectacles

antennas (briefly).

Superposition Mathematical treatment not required. Essay (2c) Essay

(graphical treatment only) Formation of (2ai)
beat and
stationary wave

Beats Qualitative treatment. Use in tuning. Essay(2b) Essay 2(b)

Diffraction Diffraction of light at apertures Essay (3a) Essay(2b) Essay (2c)

(simple qualitative treatment only). Meaning of
diffraction and
Tsunami
waves.
its dependence.

Interference a. Two-source interference with Essay (3a) L. Qn(6a) L.Qn (2b) Essay (2b) L.Qn (6) Essay (2a) Essay (2b)
quantitive treatment for maxima and Eassy(2b, P36Interfer Young's
slit expt.
double Interference
btween two
Experiment
minima. c) ence radio waves
of interference
with 3 cm
Describe
experiment to
Essay (2b) microwave show the
interference of
sound.
Measurement
of wavelength
in Young
double slit expt.

b Condition for observable Essay (3b)

interference.

c. Practical applications of interference Essay (2a) Essay (2b)

to include the blooming of lenses and Appliation of two
the testing of the flatness of a surface interference practical
application
(very briefly). involving
"interference"

d. Quantitive treatment of interference L. Qn (9) L. Qn (8 L.Qn (2)

effects at normal incidence in a- c) Wedge film

parallel-sided and wedge-shaped thin

films.

e. Everyday examples to include the

colours of oil film and soap bubbles.

f. Newton 's ring (qualitatively) L. Qn (8

d-f)

g. Plane transmission grating as an Essay (3c) III (1, 2, L. Qn (6b) Essay (2a) Essay 2(b) L.Qn Essay(2c) L.Qn
interference system. Use of the 5) (9ab) Graph ray diagram,
advantage over a
(7abc)
formula d sin θ = n λ. Plotting
prism
Experiment to
measure the
diffraction
angles with
spectrometer.

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

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 A-level Physics Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School kkwan12/28/2006/F.7/mock

h. Proportionality between intensity and L.Qn (7a)

square of the amplitude (by analogy Estiminate the
with harmonic oscillator and energy lifetime of the
R42sun
delivered by an alternating current).
Energy distribution in interference
patterns.

3 The electromagnetic spectrum Knowledge of approximate L. Qn (7b) L.Qn (2a) Essay(2a)

frequency and wavelength of all Experiment for
infrared and
members of the spectrum and their ultraviolet
common properties.

4 Stationary wave. Modes of Graphical treatment only Essay (3) III (5 - 7) L.Qn (7) L.Qn Essay (2a) L.Qn 3 L. Qn (2b) L. Qn (2) Essay
vibrations of strings and air Measurement of
sound speed in
(3bii, iii) Stationary wave Differences
in a string
vibrating string
in guitar
(2aii)
columns. Harmonics and the quality air by stationary
between the
waves in string
formation of
of sound. wave methode
with a
and that in air,
stationary
wavbes.
fundamental
microphone
frequnecy.

5 Acoustic. Intensity and loudness. a. Pressure and displacement in sound Essay (2a)
The decibel. wave.

b. Frequency response of the ear.

c. Relationship between intensity and

loudness.

d. Thresholds of hearing and pain.

e. Noise pollution (very briefly).

Typical noise levels in everyday life.
Absorption of sound and sound
proofing.

Velocity of sound Order of magnitude of speed of Essay (3b) Essay (2c) L.Qn (2b) Essay (2c) L.Qn(2b)
sound in solids, liquids and gases. Kundt's tube Speed of Experiment to Measurement
Sound determine the of speed of
Knowledge of (γ/P)1/2 not required. speed of sound sound by phase
in air difference.

Doppler effect a. Quantitative treatment for a L. Qn (9) L.Qn (2c) L. Qn (6)

stationary medium and movement tracking
station on the
along the source-observer line. earth's surface

b. Real life examples (police cars, Essay (2c) L.Qn (3) L.Qn (2c) L.Qn (3) L.Qn (3)
ambulances, and radar speed traps, moving car radar speed Estimating the Mobile
and lorry & trap speed of blood
galaxy red shift indicating expanding red shift with a radars
universe, all treatment qualitatively). ultrasonic
emitter and
receiver

6 Optical instrument Formation of images by lenses. Use L. Qn (2)

of the equation 1/u + 1/v = 1/f for a
single, thin lens.

Qualitative understanding of how L. Qn (5)

optical instruments work (using
simple ray diagrams only).

Magnifying glass Magnifying power of magnifying

glass, microscoope and refracting
telescope considered as ratio of
visual angles subtended by the image
and the object (as obtained for simple
ray diagram).

Microscope Two-lens type only. Formation of

image at least distance of distinct
vision.

Refracting telescope Two-lens type only. Formation of Essay(2) L. Qn (5)

image at infinty.

Grating spectrometer Qualitative explanation of the III (4) l.Qn (6) Essay (5a)
functions of the collimator and the spectral
analysis with
telescope using ray diagrams. Use in collimator and
simple spectral analysis. telescope,
adjustment.

waves 第4頁
A-level Physics Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School kkwan12/28/2006/F.7/mock

A-LEVEL
SYLLABUS

Section C : Electricity and Magnetism

Year
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
1 Electric Fields
Electric field E Analogy with gravitational field. Essay (4a) L.Qn (4a), L.Qn L.Qn (4b) L.Qn (6a) E- Essay (3a) L.Qn (4)
Coulomb 's law. E considered as (7) (7bii) field drawing Definition of E-
field and E-
Electron moving in
an E-filed due to two
force per unit charge. Essay(3b) potential charged parallel-
plates. Corss-fields
Essay (3a)
Define E-field.
Experiment to
investigate E-field.

Electric potential V
Derivation of V = Q / 4πεοr, L.Qn (7bi) L.Qn (4a) L.Qn (3) L.Qn (6)
potenial Electrical potential of Flame probe (Graph)
E = - dV / dr. Distribution of variation across
a charged metal
potential and equi-potential surfaces sphere, electric force,
C
escape speed from E-
for charged conductors. field.

Essay(3a)
Essay(3c)f
lame probe

2 Storage of charge by capacitors Introduction through a series of Essay (4b- L. Qn (4b)

experiments with capacitors. c)

Capacitance a. Q = CV. The farad F (and the sub- L. Qn (4a) L.Qn (6) Essay(4ai) Essay (3b) Essay (3a)
Q=CV, dielectric Meaning of capacitance of a Variation of V with
unit µF and pF). sheet inserted capacitor label isolated dsitance from a
conductor charged sphere,
capacitance of it.

b. C = εoA/d for a parallel plate L.Qn Essay (3c) L.Qn (4) (c)
capacitor. Series and parallel (7biii) Method to
determine the
combinations of capacitors. capacitance of a
parallel-plate
cap.

c. Use of reed switch for measuring III (1, 2) Essay (4a)

capacitance. Measurement of εo reed switch, I=Qf,
Q = k A, Q = k'
notrequired. Stray capacitance. 1/d

Charging and discharge of Exponential rise and decay of charge Essay (6) L.Qn (7a) Essay (3a) L.Qn (3) Essay (3aii) L.Qn (7)
capacitors with time. Time constant RC. *(6d) Experiment of RC Charging an RC circuit to
decay accumlator investigate the
Derivation of expressions Q = Qoe- charging of a
capacitor.
t/RC
and Q = Qo(1 - e-t/RC) required.

Energy of a charge capacitor Proof of E = 1/2 CV2 required. Essay (3c)

change in E if a
metal sheet is
inserted, application
of a capacitor.

3 Current electricity The general flow equation I = nAvQ Essay (5) Essay (3a- Essay (3b) Essay (3b)
and its applications as a simple b) Drift speed and E-
field
model for electron conduction in a electron
model :
metal. Estimation of electron drift heating effect
velocity in a metal. Distinction
between drift velocity and speed of
electrical signals.

Electromotive force a. e.m.f. of a source as the enrgy Essay (3a) L.Qn Essay (3ai) Essay (3a)
imparted by the source per unit (8abc) Internal resistance of
a cell
e.m.f. vs p.d.
charge passing through it. P.d. Measurement of Effect of Internal
internal resistance.
between two points as the energy resistance of a
converted from electrical energy to battery by
graphical method
other forms per unit charge passing
between the points outside the
source.

Resistance, Ohm 's law.
Resistivity. Variation of
resistance with temperature.
The variation of current with applied Essay(4aii)
p.d. in various conductors and circuit IV charateristics of a
tungsten filament and
elements (metals, electrolytes, a semiconductor
thermistors, diodes). diode.

Ohm 's law as a special case of L.Qn (8a)

resistance behaviour. Measure
resistance with
real voltmeter and
ammeter

Complete circuit and simple

networks. Kirchhoff's law
(Kirchhoff 's second law not
required).

Potentiometer and applications Rotary or slide-wire types may be L.Qn (3)

used for practical work. The use of Measurement of
the rotart-type to provide a variable unknown resistance
with a potentiometer.
p.d. is essential.

Shunts and multipliers for Principle of design and use of a L.Qn (4) L.Qn (8de) Essay (3a)
electrical meters. mulitmeter for d.c. current, d.c. voltage
measurement
shunt and
multipilier
measurement of
voltage and resistance measurement. large resistance with
with voltmeter resistance
practical voltmeter
Importance of movement sensitivity and CRO,
multimeter.
and ammeter
(i.e. current for full scale deflection.)

4 Electromagnetism.
Force on a current carrying Relative direction of force, field and L.Qn (8)
conductor in a magnetic field. current. current
balance

Mangetic field B. B = F / IL introduced using a simpe L.Qn (7a) Essay (4a)

current balance. The tesla (T) as Magnetic field of Definition of
two current tesla, force
1 NA-1m-1. The generalized carrying wires between two
current-carrying
expression F = BIL sin θ. wires

Force on a moving charge in a F = BQv sin θ L.Qn (8) L.Qn 3 Essay (4c) Essay (1aii)
magnetic field. circular
accelerater
Moving rod in a
B-field
W.D. on a charge
moving in a B-field

Hall effect Derivation of the Hall effect Essay (5a- Essay (4b- Essay (4ai)
VH = BI / nQt. b) c) Reveal the sign of
the charge carriers

Measurement of magnetic fields. Hall probe, current balance, search current L.Qn (7b) Essay (4b)
coil and CRO. balance Search coils measure with
Hall probe

Essay (3b)
current balance

Magnetic fields around a long B = µoI / 2πr and B = µοΝΙ / l should Essay (4) L.Qn 4 (a) Essay (4c)
striaght line, and inside a long be understood but derivation are not Essay (4b) Experiment to
solenoid, carrying current. Production of investigate the B-
required. These relationships can be unifrom field filed at the centre of
investigated experimentally. with a long wire a flat, circular coil
with current.

Definition of the ampere Quantitative treatment of the force Essay (4)

between currents in long straight
parallel conductors.

Torque on a rectanglar current T = BANI sin φ L. Qn (10) Essay (3c)

carrying coil in a uniform
magnetic field.

EM 第5頁
A-level Physics Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School kkwan12/28/2006/F.7/mock

Year
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

5 Electromagnetic induction a. Induced e.m.f. resulting from (i) a L. Qn (10) Essay (4a) L. Qn L.Qn L.Qn(7) Essay(4a) Essay(3a) L.Qn (8) L. Qn (4) Essay (4a) Essay (4a)
moving conductor in a stationary (10) (4+K26) a metal loop
moving in field
Moving conductor
in a B-field
Change of B-field
inside a coil
Definition of
magnetic flux density
Faraday's law of EM
mangetic field, and (ii) a stationary coil drops across induction.
stationary B-field
conductor in a charging field.

b. Magnetic flux φ. E = - dφ / dt. Essay (4a) L.Qn (7) Essay (5) Essay (5ai) Essay (4b) L.Qn (4)
Lenz's law meaning of B, home-made
Interpretation of B as magnetic flux Faraday'slaw, apply anemometer to
density. Lenz's law to predict measure the wind
the direction the
speed.
pointer deflected.

Simple a.c. and d.c. generators. Derivation of the alternating current Essay (4) Essay (4) Essay(4b) Essay(4) L.Qn (5) Essay (4b) Essay (4c) L.Qn (4)(bii) Essay (3c)
d.c. motor and back e.m.f. e.m.f. induced in a rectangular coil Practical qn d.c. generator d.c. motor, back
e.m.f.
back e.m.f. of a
motor
Derivation and why
laminated soft-iron
Change in back
e.m.f., currrent in a
function of slip "starting" resistance.
on electricity rings / commutator.. in d.c. motor.
rotating in a uniform mangetic field. supply core? working motor.

in HK
Eddy currents Brief discussion of occurrence and Essay (5b) Essay (4a) Essay (3b)
practical uses. Formation of eddy copper disc
suspended over a
current. Application
rotating bar magnet.
in moving-coil
meters.araday's

Transformer Derivation of Vs / Vp ~ Ns /Np. III (1-2, 5- Essay (3a) L.Qn (7) Essay (4b)
6) circuit breaker with structure of a
Energy losses. mutual induction transformer. Deduce
that same frequnecy.

Self-Induction e = - L dI/dt. Derivation of energy L.Qn (6) Self- L.Qn (4ab) Essay (4a)
stored in an inductor and analogy induction of a Switch design
conaxial cable
with charged capacitor. Implications Essay (4aii)
for switch design. meaning of self-
induction

6 Alternating current (1)

r.m.s. and peak values. Relationship for sinusoidal a.c. III (3-6) L. Qn L. Qn L.Qn (5) L. Qn (8a)
derived from mean heating effect in a (11b) (8b) LR-circuit O99
pure resistance.

Sinusodial a.c. in pure R, C and L Rotating vector (phasor) model. Essay (4c) Essay (5a) L. Qn (8a)
taken separately. Phase lead and Physical origin of phase difference. III (3-4,
phase lag. 5-6)

Reactance. Series combination of Derivation of XC = 1 / ωC and X L = *Essay Essay (4b) L. Qn (8a, Essay (4c) L. Qn (8) Essay (4b) L.Qn(4) RC
L, R and C. Impedance. (6c) L. K62 8b) Z(f) of LRC RL circuit, power Rectance and circuit, power output,
ωL. Rotating vector model only. circuit Resonance phasor diagram,
Qn (11) factor
tweeter and woofer)
Resonance.

Power factor Power absorbed in resistive L. Qn

component only and hence P = IV (11)
cos θ from vector diagram.
Instantaneous power and related
derivation or calculations not
required.

Resonance in parallel LC circuit. Practical demonstration only (no Essay (5b) L.Qn (6b) Essay (4b) L.Qn 8
theory required). Application in tuning circuit EM oscillation LR in parallel
radio tuning circuit. circuit. LC
oscillation with
damping.

7 Alternating current (2)

Diode The diode as a uni-directional circuit Essay (4c)
element (internal mechanism not rectifying of a.c.
to d.c.
required). Half-wave and full-wave
rectification. Brige rectifier and
applications in a.c. measuring
instruments.

Power supplies Full-wave rectifier with storage III (3) Essay (4c)
capacitor and inductor-capacitor a.c. --> d.c.
smoothing. Qualitative treatment
only.
The NPN silicon bipolar junction The transistor as a three terminal L. Qn L.Qn (5) L.Qn (9) L.Qn (9) Essay (5)
transitor device, the properties of which can (11) Automatic
be deduced from measurements at its switch-off in
terminals. Knowledge of internal Electronic
structure not required. calculator

Input, current transfer, collector, Knowledge of internal mechanism Input/output

graph
and input/output characteristics in notrequired.
the common emitter
configuration.
Simple
Current amplification factor β Determination from current transfer calculations of IO
characteristic. Simple calculations current and base
involving base and collector currents, resistor

input and output voltages.

Linear voltage amplification a. Single NPN trasistor in the common a.c. transfer and
biasing
emitter configuration. Simple
biasing techniques.
b. Derivation of voltage gain as ~ - β R
L
/ R B.

Analogy systems, amplification a. Essential characteristics of a L. Qn L. Qn L. Qn L.Qn (9) L. Qn (4) L.Qn (10) L.Qn (9) L. Qn 5 L.Qn (9)
and feedback using a common common operational amplifier with (10) (11) (10) open-loop, Inverting Inverting amp. op-amp as a comparator and comparator and non-
voltage amp. & compaarator (vs inverting amplifier.
operational amplifier. inverting and non-inverting inputs. inverting amlifier
follower potential divider
switch
Voltage gain. Negative feedback, with a LDR)

summing amplifier.

b. Simple applications; e.g. high

impedance voltmeter, comparator as
a switch.

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A-level Physics Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School kkwan12/28/2006/F.7/mock

A-LEVEL SYLLABUS
Section D : Matter Year
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
1 Gases * Essay
(2b-c)
Ideal gases Pressure p = F / A. P-T and V-T
relationships of a gas. Absolute
obtained by extrapolation of these
relationships.

Macroscopic definition of an ideal Essay (2c) L. Qn (9) L. Qn (9) L.Qn (4a) L.Qn L. Qn L.Qn (5)
gas a one which obeys Boyle 's law constant PV- (10ac) (4ab) Helium in a
volume gas modified gas Kinetic theory graph,PV=nR Two containers Balloon with cylinder. Gas
( PV= constant) and for which PVα thermometer, law, ideal gas model, T of gas with a tap compressed gas law. R.m.s.
T where T defines temperature on the leads to concept law calculation differences in between raising in water speed. PV-
of absolute between gas diagram.
ideal gas scale. The equation of state zero. model and ideal Pressure by the
PV = nRT when n = number of gas. piston.
moles.

A model for a gas: the kinetic theory. Microscopic definition of an ideal Essay (2a) PV= nmc2/3 Essay (2a) Essay (3a) Essay (1d) L.Qn (4) Essay (1C) Essay (5a) Essay (3b)
calculation.
Use of model to provide a micro- gas. Assumptions of the kinetic assumption for
ideal gas in
r.m.s. speed Microscopic Inflating non-
elastic balloon
Assumption in microscopic derivation of
scopic interpretation of macroscopic model and derivation of PV = nmc2/ from P against definition of an kinetic model meaning of PV = nmc2/ 3.
kinetic theory
1/v graph ideal gas. meaning "Pressure" and
phenomena. 3. Order of magnitude of c2. of pressure. "internal energy"
Essay
(5biii)
r.m.s. speed of
two different
molecules

Distribution of molecular speeds Essay

(qualitatively). (5bii)
Avogadro 's law and the Avogadro
constant.
Interpretation of temperature for an Essay (2a) L.Qn (4) Interpertation of
temperature from
ideal gas using mc2/2 = 3 RT / 2NA. K.E. of a average K.E.
molecule and
temperature T.

Real gases Brief discussion of the departure of Essay (2b) L.Qn (4b) L.Qn (8) Essay(5bi)
real gases from ideal behaviour at Departure of real
gases at high
inter. force Difference
between ideal
high pressure and low temperature. pressure and low Essay and real gases,
Brief qualitative treatment of critical temperature. (3a)
points. Experimental detail not
required.

2 Solid
Structures Crystalline or amorphous structure
(very briefly. Details of packing or
of the theory and experimental
details of x-ray diffraction not
required).
Physical properties a. Stress-strain behaviour for metal and Essay (2c) Essay (3b) L.Qn (9b)
non-metals : brief qualitative stress-strain stress-strain breaking stress,
graph of copper, strength and
descriptions of strength, stiffness, graph for glass
rubber and glass stiffness.
and
brittleness and ductility. .strength,
ductility and
explanations.
stiffness
comparison.

b. Young modulus defined as stress III (1-3) L.Qn (2) L.Qn (9b)
over strain. Typical orders of Measurement of
Young modulus
suspended Stress-strain
graph in yourng
rod with two
magnitude. with reference diff. wires : Y modulum
wire experiment
and B.S.

c. Energy stored in stretching (1/2 force

x extension) and energy per unit
volume (1/2 stress x strain).

A model for a solid Derivation of model from observed Essay (2b) Essay (3a) L.Qn (9a) L. Qn (9)
resistance of solids to deformation sketch F-r and resistance of F-r graph, F-r graph, F
V-r graphs with solids to F = - dV/dr,
(compression and extension). observed deformation binding energy
=- dU/dr, atomic
oscillation
Representation as curves of force and resistance of
solid to
leads to E = kr

potential energy against interatomic deformation

separation. F = - dU/dr.

Brief mention of diverse origins of Essay (2a)

binding (bonding) energy types of
attractive force
(electrostatic, metallic, covalent). between atoms
of materials

Use of the model to provide Equilibrium spacing. Elasticity and L. Qn (9b)

microscopic interpretations of Hooke 's law. Microscopic E= -k/r

macroscopic phenomena interpretation of Young modulus as E

= k / r where r is the equilibrium
spacing and k the force constant.
Thermal expansion.
3 Fluids * L. Qn * Essay (1)
(12)
Fluids in motion, Bernoulli 's Density = m / V. Derivation of P + L.Qn (8) Essay (3c) L.Qn (6) L. Qn (7d)
principle. 1/2ρv2 + ρgh = constant. Bernoulli 's
principle with
using horizontal tube,
air-foil
Spinning ball
Bernoulli 's
power input by a
principle
pump

Applications to include jets and yacht and L.Qn(1)

spinning ball,
nozzles (bunsen burner, filter pump, spinnig
sprays, motor vehicle carburetors), ball
spinning tennis or golf ball, aerosols
(aircraft, yachts sailing into the
wind).

The Pitot-tube for measurement of

fluid speed (quantitatively).

4 Heat and energy a. Distinction between heat and internal Essay (2) Essay (4a)
energy. Consideration of all forms of heat, internal
energy and
energy on microscopic scale as temperature.
kinetic or potential. Heat and work
as measures of energy transferred
from one form to another.
b. The first law of thermodynamics ∆Q L. Qn (8) L. Qn (8) Essay (2c) L.Qn (4c) L.Qn (8) L.Qn(4bd) L.Qn (10b) L.Qn (9)
PV=nRT, P-V specific heat PV-graph T-V graph Essay (5ai) Experiment for
= ∆U + ∆W as an extension of the graph of heat capacity, heat
meaning of 1st
interpretation, s.h.c. of water by
law 1st law
principle of conservation of energy to processes| 1st transfer and 1st P-V graph, 1st heat transfer with
law calculation. law calculations law of work done, error
include heat. thermodynamic treatment and
s measurement.

Conservation of energy. Its Illustrative examples from other parts Essay Essay (2c) Essay (5c)
transformation from one form to of the syllabus. Coal and oil (3bc)degrada Tidal energy Energy crisis,
another. Degradation of other forms to resources (e.g. nuclear, solar, tidal tion, coal-fired nuclear energy
power station and
thermal energy. and wind-based). Principles of hydroelectricity
methods and relative conversion
efficiencies (briefly).

5 Electrons

Electron beams : production and Thermionic emission. Deflection of Essay (5) Essay(5a) L. Qn (3) Essay (5c) Essay (5b)
properties. The electron-volt. electrons in electric and magnetic use of electron
beam in CRO.
thermionic
emissiobn
Deflection of
proton in a
Condition for Principle of
velocity selector
fields. magnetic field
thermionic
emission and the
, distinguish
isotopes.
max. K.E. of
electron

Matter 第4頁
A-level Physics Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School kkwan12/28/2006/F.7/mock

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Determination of e / m. Thomson 's method using v = E / B Essay (5c) L.Qn (8)
for zero deflection, or any other Experiment of determination of
measuring e/m e/m ratio with
method. ratio cross fields,
measmesaureme
nt of B-field,
error treatment.

The cathode ray oscilloscope Functional description of the main Essay (5) III (1-2) Essay (5) L.Qn (2)
units. Circuit details not required. d.c. deflection measurement of structure & (a) & (c)
a.c. voltage and use as
Use as (i) an a.c. and d.c. voltmeter, frequency voltmeter
Measurement
of T and f with
(ii) for time and frequency CRO.
measurement (iii) as a display device Lissajous
(including use of external X-input). figures.

6 Extra-nuclear structure of the atom

b. Principle of Franck-Hertz type comments on Essay (1b) L.Qn (10) Essay (5a)
graph, concept
experiments. of discrete
conservation of
energy in
energy level
experiment

Evidence for light quanta. Photon. The photoelectric effect. Einstein 's L. Qn (12) Essay (4) L.Qn (9) Essay(5a)p Essay (2c) Essay (5c) Essay (5a)
photoelectric equation : 1/2 mvmax2= Photoelectric photoelectric P.effect hotoelectric Photoelectric Condition of Experiment of
effect and effect effect & particle-
effect and photoelectric photoelectric
hf - hfo. Stopping potential and use equation, graph
equation, effect Essay(5b) like properties
effect and the effect.
of higher
of V-f. evidence for max. K.E. of Interpretation
of eV as a unit of energy. Uses of intensity and
light quanta, electron with particle
frequency of
photoelectric cells. input photons
Einstein's theory and the
equation failure of wave
theory.

Emission and absorption spectra a. Line spectra of monatomic gases and III (3, 6) Essay (5b) Essay L.Qn (9cd) Essay (5a) Essay (5a) L. Qn (5)
Line spectra and transitions explanation in terms of light quanta emission Emission vs (2bc) Evidence of Hydrogen Energy level in
spectrum from Hg atom,
between energy levels and energy levels. discharge tube &
Absorption
spectrum,
iodine
absorption
Energy level spectrum
observation and
flourscent screen
energy level colout TV
formation of spectrum, sun explanation
transition
absorption spectrum
spectrum

b. Ionization and excitation energies. L. Qn (11) Essay (5b)

Elastic and inelastic collisions of concept of energy
electrons with atoms. level and photon in
H atom

c. The hydrogen spectrum and Essay(5c) Essay (5b) L.Qn (7d)

interpretation in terms of energy Concept opf calculation with
level equation En = - 13.6 eV / n2. ground state,
ionization
Hydrogen
spectrum.
Bohr theory of the atom not required. potential,
excitation by
electron and
photon, and
spontantanous
emission

Simple explanations of fluorescence,

X-rays and laser action.

X-rays a. Production and properties. L. Qn (5)

b. Maximum frequency for given tube max. f from L.Qn (8)

spectral curve,
potential. some Calculation in
calculation X-ray
electron production.
bombarding
rate

c. X-ray spectra. Energy level compare the Essay (5c) Essay(5c) Essay (5b)
production
interpretation of line spectra. mechanism in
X-rays spectrum
and explanations
the continuous
and line
spectrum

d. Uses in medicine, industry and

crystallography (all briefly - no
quantitative work is required).

Continuous spectra Sun 's spectrum and Fraunhofer lines. Essay (5b)
Band spectra not required. Dark lines

Stimulated emission of radiation Brief qualitative discussion of laser Essay (3c) Essay (3c) Essay (5b)
action. The uses of lasers. Properties of Characteristics
laser, mechanism of laser and the
laser actions.

7 Radioactivity
Properties of α, β, γ radiation a. Mass, charge, energy, relative ranges Essay (5a) Essay (1c) L.Qn L. Qn (5a, Essay (5c) Essay (5c) L.Qn (8a)
in air and other materials, relative distinguish
between the
conservation of
energy with
(10a) 5b(i)) Condition Method to show
only alpha and
Range in air
ionizing power. penerating Smoke ofelectron for alpha,
three radiation energy spectrum gamma emission
power emission in ionisation , track
with GM tube of beta decay detector radiactive decay in cloub chamber
arrangement
and energy
contents

b. Familiarity with cloud chamber Essay(5b)

tracks assumed from lower level He & apha

work.

Detectors Structure and use of (a) an ionization Essay(5a) L.Qn (5)

chamber (b) one type of cloud working
principle of
Ionization
Chamber
chamber (c) the Geiger-muller cloud chamber
counter (count-voltage characteristic
and details of scaler not required).
Suitability of these detectors for α, β,
and γ emissions.

Random nature of decay a. dN/dt = -kN derived from analogy Essay(5b)

with dice decay.

b. Interpretation of decay constant k as L.Qn (10)

the constant chance of an atom
decaying per unit time.

Natural nuclear transformations Change of N and Z in radioactive Essay (5b) L. Qn (12a)

decay (detail of radioactive series not Changes in series and
nuclei during
required). these decays
half-life

Exponential law of decay. Half-life. N = No e-kt. Relationship between k L.Qn (10) L.Qn L. Qn L.Qn (8b) L.Qn (5ab) Essay(4ab)
The Becquerel. k = ln 2 / t1/2, decay (10bii) ln N (5b(ii)) Mixture of
and t1/2. Relevance of long half-lives equation
Calculation
two radioactive
Carbon-14
- d graph dating
substances.
to the disposal of radioactive waste plotting
and to radioactive fallout. Carbon-14 Essay (4b) Graphical
interpretation
and calculations.
dating.

Radiation hazards a. Sources of background radiation and L. Qn (10) L.Qn Essay (5c)
typical radiation doses. difficulty in
measurement
(10bi) Sources of
background
because of
radiations
background
radiation

b. Hazards due to open and sealed

sources.

c. Handling precautions.

Matter 第4頁
A-level Physics Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School kkwan12/28/2006/F.7/mock
Isotopes The uses of radioisotopes Essay (5c) Essay 4(b) L.Qn (5c)
Choice of tracer (Iodine for
radiation in thyroid gland)
applications

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
8 The nucleus
The Rutherford model of the atom. a. Interpretation of equations L. Qn L. Qn (12) Essay (5) L. Qn (10) Essay (3c) L.Qn (5) L.Qn (5ci)
The mass-energy relationship. The representing nuclear reaction. (12) mass meaning of
binding energy,
Binding energy
change between
Rutherford's Mass Defect
unified atomic mass unit (carbon Graph of
binding energy,
defect in fission,
energy released.
graph parent and model Essay
scale). Binding energy. Energy of binding daughter nuclide (5bii) Binding
possibility of
energy per after radioactive
release in fission and fusion. fission and
fusion, energy
nucleon , decay
energy per
nucleon against
explanation of
released in nucleon no.
stability and the
fission, graph.
possibility of
differences
fission
between decay
Advantage of
and fission
fusion over
fission in
producing
electricity
Reasons for
fusion not used

b. Nuclear power : advantages and Essay (5bi) Essay (4c)

disadvantages. Different nuclear fission
between fission
as a source of
and radioactive
energy.
decay.
Differences in
fuel and neutron
in reactor and
atomic bomb.

c. The principle of the fission reactor. chain reaction, production of controllable Essay (5ci) L. Qn (7b)
electricity from process in
Qualitative treatment of fission and chain reaction, Estiminate the
fission reactor reactor, uses
function of lifetime of the
the chain reaction, and the role of of moderator
and control rod
controlled rod sun, nuclear
fuel, moderator, coolant and control, and moderater. fusion.

is expected.

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