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Question 1: Describe the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) that

suits the above specifications. Also, evaluate the systems
requirement.
Ans:1
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFECYCLE (SDLC):

From the inception of an idea for software system, until it is implemented and
delivered to the customer and even after that the system undergoes the
several changes. The software is said to have a lifecycle known as Software
Lifecycle composed of several phases. Each of these phases results in the
development of either a part of the system or something associated with the
system, such as a test plan or user manual.

In the traditional and most common lifecycle model called WATERFALL

MODEL, each phase has well defined starting and ending points with clearly
identifiable inputs to the very next phase attached to it. In practice basically
very simple and meaningful to visualize and understand clearly as depicted in
the figure: = = = = = =

REQUIREMENT
ANALYSIS &
SPECIFICATION

DESIGN &
SPECIFICATION

CODING & MODULE

TESTING

INTEGRATION &
SYSTEM TESTING

INTEGRATION &
SYSTEM TESTING

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DELIVERY &
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Fig: WATER FALL MODEL

A simple waterfall Lifecycle Model comprises the following phases:

Requirements Analysis & specification

Requirements Analysis is usually the very first phase of large-scale

software development project. It is undertaken after a feasibility study has
been performed to define the precised cost and benefits of the software
system. The purpose of this particular phase is to identify and obtained the
exact requirements of the system.

The customer, the developer, a marketing organization or any

combination of ever three may perform such study. In cases where the
requirements are not clear e.g. for a system which has never been done
before, much interaction is required between the user and the developer.

The requirements at this stage are hence in end user terms. Various
software engineering methodologies advocate that this phase must also
produce user manuals and system test plans.

Design & Specification

Once the requirements for the system have been documented, software
engineers design a software system to meet them. This phase is sometimes
split into two sub-heads such as architectural or high level design and detailed
design.
The high level design deals with the overall module structure and origin rather
than the details of the module. tHe high level design is defined by designing
each module in detail known as detailed design. Separating the requirements
analysis phase from the design phase is an instance of a fundamental
what/how dichotomy that we encounter quite often in computer science.
The general principle involves making a clear distinction between what
the problem is and how to solve the problem. The purpose of the design phase
is to specify the particular system, which will meet the stated requirements.

Coding & Module Testing

This is the phase, which will be delivered to the customer as the running
system. Th other phase of the lifecycle may also develop code such as
prototypes, tests and test drivers but these are for the use of the developers.
Individual modules develop in this particular phase are also being tested
known as module testing before being delivered to the next phase.

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Integration & System Testing

This is the next phase in the traditional Waterfall Model. IN this phase all
the modules that have been developed before and tested are basically linked
and put together that is been integrated as a whole in the capacity of a
complete software system and then the whole system is being tested known
as system testing.

Delivery & maintenance

Once the system posses all the test and its subsequent activities then
after that only it is delivered to the outside world to its destination that is the
customer known as delivery stage. After the successful completion fo the
delivery stage it enters into the maintenance field. As a result of this
any modifications made to the system after initial delivery is usually
attributed to this particular phase. The above-mentioned figure gives the
graphical representation and view of the software development lifecycle,
which provides a usual explanation of the term Waterfall being used to
denote. Here each phase yields certain results that flow into the next phase
and the proceeds in an orderly and linear fashion.

Question 2)
Perform and evaluate feasibility studies like cost-benefit analysis,
technical feasibility, time feasibility and operational feasibility for the
project. Project Scheduling should be made using both GANTT and
PERT charts.

Ans:2

Feasibility study is carried out t decide whether the proposed system is

feasible for the company. The feasibility study is to serve as a decision
document it must answer three key questions:
1. Is there a new and better way to do the job that will benefit the user?
2. What are the cost and the savings of the alternative(s)?
3. What is recommended?

Technical feasibility:

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Technical feasibility centers on the existing computer system i.e.

Hardware, Software etc. Travel Agency requires SQL database management
that are all easily available with extensive development support through
manuals and blogs. So development of Travel Agency is technically feasible.

Economical feasibility:

Economical Feasibility is the most frequently used method for evaluating

the effectiveness of a candidate system. More commonly know as Cost/
Benefit analysis, the procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that
are expected from the candidate system and compare them with costs. If th
benefits outweigh costs, then the decision is made to design and implement
the system.

Operation feasibility:

With Travel Agency, administrator will get rid of editing configuration

files to manage the same. This makes travel agency operationally feasible.

PERT CHART

Computing Platform Installation Testing

Implementation Implementation Follow-up
10 12 9 15 7
Begin 2 4 5 6
6 1
1 12 Prepare Site 35 0
Follow up
3

 Node

 Activity

GANTT Chart:-
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Time in month

Question:3

Design and draw the data flow diagrams(DFD’s) up to the required

levels, entity-relationship (ER) diagram and also produce a data dictionary.
[20 marks]

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ER-diagram

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Addres
Off_id Name
s
Ph-no

BOOKING OFFICER
Pswd

Salary

DO
DO
ES
ES
AmtPai
d
Date-res
AmtToPa
RESERVATION y CANCELLATION
-id
Date-
cancl
Travel
Cancel-id

Passenger- By By
id

Travel_means

PASSENGERS
Ph-no.

Age
Passenger-id
Addres
s
Name

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DFDS

Level-0

Reservatoin orders
Travel
Booking officer Management Passengers
System tickets
Info

DATABASE

Level-1

Reservatio
n
Give orders

Passengers
Cancellation

Tickets

Administration Staff members

DATABASE Debit
Search
report

Qustion-4:-)
Create System flow chart and state transition diagrams.

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Start

Flow Chart
Asking questions

Getting
difference ratings

Storing result in
Database

Yes
Product need
Some
Modification

No
Change come
Result is produced Features modify

Result to be generated

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End