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Sewage lagoons are lined ponds or basins that treat • Lagoon cells – the lined basins used to treat the
wastewater by allowing the solids to settle to the bottom of wastewater.
the pond, and allowing naturally-occurring microorganisms • Outlet structures – piping or weirs used to vary
such as bacteria to digest the organic matter. Also known as the depth of water in the lagoon cells and allow
waste stabilization ponds, they are popular because they are discharge at times when treatment conditions are
relatively inexpensive and easy to design, install and maintain optimal.
and can produce a good quality effluent. Their disadvantage is • Berms – earthen or concrete dikes used to protect
that they require a large land area and should be located far the pond during storms and floods.
from populated areas.
Types of Lagoons
Pros and Cons of Lagoon Systems
Sewage lagoons differ in the amount of dissolved oxygen
While cost and available land may be the overriding factors in the pond and how it gets there. Some lagoons use
when considering wastewater treatment technology, planners mechanical aerators to add oxygen to the water. Others use
should consider the following when evaluating lagoon wind and waves to naturally add oxygen, while others use
systems: algae, which produce oxygen as a by-product. By contrast,
some lagoons have no dissolved oxygen at all (referred to
1. Advantages as anaerobic). Detailed technical knowledge is needed to
properly select, design and size lagoons so they will operate
• Relatively inexpensive to construct, operate and properly.
maintain;
• Efficient in treating wastewater; The following is a simple guide to the four major kinds of
• May be designed to function without electricity or lagoon systems:
mechanical equipment; and
• May be expanded or upgraded to treat larger
volumes.
2. Disadvantages
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