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SUBMITTED BY:
GROUP-1
ANURAG VARDHAN (M-09-02)
BIJAY KISHOR (M-09-07)
GOURAV SAINI (M-09-09)
RAHUL JAIN (M-09-25)
AJAY SAHU (M-09-37)
ANES ASSIGNMENT | RAJIV GANDHI INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY 2
INSTALLED CAPACITY
Over the last few years, wind power in the U.S. has been increasing exponentially. Office
of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy had conducted a survey to find out the wind
energy capacity growth in megawatts of the entire United States since 1999. Installed
capacity increased by 50% in the U.S. in 2008, compared to a 28.8% world average
growth rate. The following table shows installed capacity for wind energy in USA.
Year 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999
Installed
Capacity 34,863 25,410 16,907 11,575 9,147 6,723 6,350 4,687 4,232 2,539 2,472
(MW)
Table 1: Installed Capacity in USA from 1999-2009
ANES ASSIGNMENT | RAJIV GANDHI INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY 3
With more than US $65 billion forecasted to be invested in additional wind capacity
between 2007 and 2015, the potential of the US wind power market is significant. With
today’s technologies, there is enough wind power to supply all of the country’s
electricity needs. Yet, only 5% of the nation’s energy supply is generated from wind
power, and only 0.8% of the nation’s electricity consumption comes from wind.
MARKET STRUCTURE
Demand for wind power in the US has exploded due to rising prices of traditional energy
sources. The industry has taken advantage of federal tax credits over the years and has
been boosted by domestic as well as foreign investments. Consolidation of wind power
companies, exemplified by Suzlon’s take-over of RePower Systems AG, Clipper’s merger
with Hemeretik, has changed the composition of the US wind power market, solidifying
around a group of 10 to 15 large-scale players. Mergers and acquisitions as well as
strategic alliances are a common trend, and the market is generally characterized as
supply-driven. Domestic US wind power companies find themselves competing for
acquisition opportunities with the new aggressive foreign entrants. As annual US wind
development becomes increasingly dominated by companies with the right combination
ANES ASSIGNMENT | RAJIV GANDHI INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY 4
REGULATIONS
New technologies have decreased the cost of producing electricity from wind, and
growth in wind power has been encouraged by tax breaks for renewable energy and
green pricing programs. Federal, state and local policies play a very important role in
encouraging wind energy development in the US.
Federal Incentives : A number of federal policies support the wind industry: wind
power property allows for tax depreciation, Clean Renewable Energy Bond (CREB)
program offers interest-free debt to new wind projects, section 9006 of 2002 Farm Bill
encourage agricultural producers to use renewable and energy efficient systems, such
as wind, in their production.
Wind Powering America (WPA) is the main federal program for wind and is run by the
Office for Energy Efficiency and Renewable energy, a subdivision under DOE. The goal is
to improve the performance and operability of wind energy technologies and lower the
costs, to investigate emerging power technologies, and to enhance the environmental
performance and efficiencies of conventional technologies
ANES ASSIGNMENT | RAJIV GANDHI INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY 5
The most well-known and widespread federal policies for wind power are the
Production and Investment Tax Credit (PTC and ITC) which are crucial to driving US
wind growth forward. The PTC is an income tax credit of 2.1 cents/kilowatt-hour and is
allowed for the production of electricity from utility-scale wind turbines. The ITC
supports consumers in purchasing small wind turbines for home, farm or business use.
Owners of small wind systems with 100 kW of capacity or less can receive a credit for
30% of the total installed cost of the system, not to exceed $4,000.
State Incentives: At state level, one of the major encouragements for wind power is The
Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) – a commitment to generate a certain percent of
electricity from renewable resources. Currently there are 24 states plus the District of
Columbia that have RPS policies in place.
FUTURE PROSPECTS
With the wind power market evolving at such a rapid pace, keeping up with trends in
the marketplace has become increasingly difficult, especially for US manufacturers. One
of the greatest challenges the past three to four years has been wind turbine shortages.
The present long lead-time of turbine orders has sparked significant investments in US
production capacity since 2007. The Obama Administration has set the goal that 10% of
all electricity comes from renewable sources, such as wind, by 2012, and 25% by 2025,
and that ‘the cheapest, cleanest, fastest energy efficient source will be deployed’ –
wind being one of them.
Even though the US wind energy industry has grown dramatically and the price of wind
energy has decreased vastly since the 1980s, the industry is facing some serious
challenges today such as shortages in supply of turbines and components, weakening of
the US currency and the increasing cost of materials. Thus, manufacturers would require
some time to adjust capacity to the increasing demand and be able to support the rapid
growth.
Land areas that have the potential of being used for generating wind energy might be
more valuable for other industries, such as farming. This means that the potential
estimated by the DOE is not necessarily a realistic potential, and wind energy generators
find themselves competing with other industries for land. On top of that, other
attractive renewable sources of energy such as biomass or hydropower can pose a
threat to the further development of the wind industry.
New technologies have made energy from wind cheaper and thus a promising
alternative to oil and natural gas. The promise of wind energy is immense, but reaping
full benefits from this technology rests heavily on research, development, and support
programs to substitute existing energy sources with wind power.
ANES ASSIGNMENT | RAJIV GANDHI INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY 6
REFERENCES:
[1] http://www.awea.org/policy/
[2] http://www.energy.gov/energysources/wind.htm
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_States
[4] http://www.energymatters.com.au/index.php?main_page=news_article