Example Composite Floor Slab

Example: Composite floor slab
CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX009a-EN-EU Sheet 1 of 12

Title Example: Composite floor slab
Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1, EN 1993-1-3, EN 1992-1-1 & EN 1993-1-1

Made by Jonas Gozzi Date March 2005
Checked by Bernt Johansson Date April 2005

This example shows the design of a composite floor slab for both
construction stage and composite stage. The composite slab is checked at
both ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state.
In many markets there are benefits in avoiding propped construction but in

this example props are used for pedagogical reasons. The slab considered is
propped, as shown below
[mm]
P P P
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement
1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800
P are temporary props during casting of the concrete
Sheeting data:
The characteristic values for the chosen sheeting are as follows: From trade
2 literature
Yield strength fyp,k = 320 N/mm
Thickness ts = 0,778 mm
Effective steel area Ap = 955 mm2/m
Second moment of area of steel core Ip = 33,0 × 104 mm4/m
Plastic bending resistance Mpa,Rk = 5,29 kNm/m
Sagging bending resistance M a,+Rk = 3,41 kNm/m
Hogging bending resistance M a,−Rk = 2,86 kNm/m

Resistance to support reaction Rw,k = 34,0 kN/m
Resistance to horizontal shear τu,Rk = 0,306 N/mm2
Created on Tuesday, June 09, 2009


Slab data:
Slab depth ht = 120 mm
Slab mean depth hred = 103,5 mm
Slab depth above sheeting hc = 75 mm
Effective depth dp = 101 mm
Concrete C25/30 fck = 25 N/mm2
Ecm = 31000 N/mm2
Sheeting geometry and slab:

[mm]
dp ht
19
30 27
10
45
50o
60 150
900
Partial safety factors:

• γG = 1,35 (permanent loads) EN 1990
• γQ = 1,5 (variable loads)
• γM0 = 1,0 EN 1993-1-1
• γM1 = 1,0 EN 1993-1-1
• γC = 1,5 EN 1992-1-1
• γVS = 1,25 EN 1994-1-1
Loads:
The slab is designed for both the construction stage and the composite stage.
In the construction stage, the steel sheeting acts as shuttering and has to carry
its own weight, the wet concrete and the construction loads. In the composite
stage the slab has to carry its own weight, floor finishes and the live load. The
following loads are considered in this example:


Construction stage:
Self weight of the sheeting gp = 0,09 kN/m2
Self weight of the wet concrete gc = 2,6 kN/m2
Distributed construction load q1 = 0,75 kN/m2
Concentrated construction load q2 = 1,5 kN/m2
Composite stage:
Self weight of the slab g1 = 2,5 + 0,09 = 2,6 kN/m2
Floor finishes g2 = 1,2 kN/m2
Live load (hotel) q = 5,0 kN/m2
Verification of the sheeting as shuttering

The sheeting resistance needs to be verified in the construction stage in both
ultimate and serviceability limit state according to EN 1993-1-3.
Ultimate limit state:

Maximum sagging bending moment:
+
M Ed = γ G ⋅ M g+ + γ Q ⋅ M q+
M g+ = M g+p + M g+c = 0, 078 ⋅ 0, 09 ⋅ 1, 82 + 0, 094 ⋅ 2, 6 ⋅ 1, 82 = 0,81 kNm/m
M q+ = 0, 094 ⋅ 1, 5 ⋅ 1, 82 = 0,46 kNm/m

+
M Ed = 1, 35 ⋅ 0, 81 + 1, 5 ⋅ 0, 46 = 1,78 kNm/m


Maximum hogging bending moment:

q2
q1
gc
gp
3000
−
M Ed = γ G ⋅ M g− + γ Q ⋅ M q− = 1, 35 ⋅ 1, 01 + 1, 5 ⋅ 0, 55 = 2,18 kNm/m
FEd = γ G ⋅ FG + γ Q ⋅ Fq = 1,35 ⋅ 5,75 + 1,5 ⋅ 3,15 = 12,5 kN/m
M g− , M q− , Fg and Fq are calculated by computer.

Design check:
Positive bending
+
+ M Rk 3,41 +
M Rd = = = 3,41 kNm/m > M Ed =1,78 kNm/m OK
γ M0 1,0
Negative bending
−
− M Rk 2,86 −
M = = = 2,86 kNm/m > M Ed = 2,18 kNm/m OK
Rd
γ M0 1,0
Support reaction
RRk 34,0
RRd = = = 34,0 kN/m > FEd= 12,5 kN/m OK
γ M1 1,0
Interaction, moment and support reaction
−
EN 1993-1-3
M Ed F
+ Ed ≤ 1,25 §6.1.11
M Rd Rw,Rd (6.28)
2,18 12, 5
+ = 1,13 < 1, 25 OK
2, 86 34, 0
All design checks are OK at the ultimate limit state.


Serviceability limit state:

The deflection, δs, due to the wet concrete and the self weight of the sheeting EN 1994-1-1
should not, unless otherwise noted in the National Annex, exceed δs,max = §9.6 (2)
L/180.
( 2, 65 ⋅ g p + 3, 4 ⋅ g c ) ⋅ L4
δs =
384 ⋅ EI p
Check if the sheeting is fully effective, i.e. does Ip need to be recalculated due
to local buckling?
Maximum positive moment in serviceability limit state:
M sls = 0, 078 ⋅ 0, 09 ⋅ 1, 82 + 0, 094 ⋅ 2, 6 ⋅ 1,82 = 0,81 kNm/m
Maximum compression stress in top flange:

M sls 0, 81 ⋅ 106
σ com = ⋅z = ⋅ ( 45 − 19) = 63,8 N/mm2
Ip 33, 0 ⋅ 10 4
fy b/t
λp = = EN 1993-1-5
σ cr 28, 4ε kσ § 4.4
235 235
ε= = = 1,9
σ com 63, 8
with ψ = 1, Table 4.1 gives kσ = 4 EN 1993-1-5

Table 4.1
30 / 0, 778
λp = = 0,36 Æ ρ = 1, 0
28, 4 ⋅ 1, 9 4, 0
Since the reduction factor, ρ = 1, 0 , no reduction of the top flange is necessary,
i.e. Ip is fully effective.
( 2, 65 ⋅ 0, 09 + 3, 4 ⋅ 2, 6) ⋅ 18004
δs = = 3,6 mm
384 ⋅ 210000 ⋅ 33, 0 ⋅ 104
L 1800
δ s,max = = =10 mm > 3,6 mm = δs OK
180 180
The deflection, δs, is less than 1/10 of the slab depth, therefore no ponding EN 1994-1-1
effects need to be taken into account. Hence, the serviceability limit state is §9.3.2 (2)
also OK. The sheeting can work as shuttering in the construction stage.


Verification of the composite slab:

Ultimate limit state:
The continuous slab will be designed as a series of simply supported spans. EN 1994-1-1
§9.4.2 (5)
q
g1+g2
[γ G ⋅ ( g1 + g 2 ) + γ Q ⋅ q] ⋅ L2
M Ed =
8
[1, 35 ⋅ ( 2, 6 + 1, 2) + 1, 5 ⋅ 5, 0] ⋅ 3, 62
M Ed = = 20,5 kNm/m
8
Design bending resistance:

The sagging bending moment resistance should be calculated from the stress
distribution in the figure below, if the neutral axis is above the sheeting.
0,85 fcd
Nc,f
xpl - EN 1994-1-1
dp
z Mpl,Rd Figure 9.5
+
Np
fyp,d
centroidal axis of the
profiled steel sheeting
Ap ⋅ f yp,d
xpl =
0, 85 ⋅ b ⋅ f cd
f yp,k 320
f yp,d = = = 320 N/mm2
γ M0 1, 0
f ck 25
f cd = = = 16,7 N/mm2
γC 1, 5
955 ⋅ 320
χ pl = = 21,6 mm
0,85 ⋅ 1000 ⋅ 16,7


For full shear connection:
(
M pl,Rd = Ap ⋅ f yd ⋅ d p − xpl / 2 )
M pl,Rd = 955 ⋅ 320 ⋅ (101 − 21, 6 / 2 ) ⋅ 10−3 = 27,5 kNm/m > 20,5 = MEd
Longitudinal shear by partial connection method:

Shear span required for full shear connection EN 1994-1-1
§9.7.3 (8)
N c = τ u,Rd ⋅ b ⋅ Lx ≤ N cf
The distance to the nearest support, Lx, required for full shear connection can
be determined by
N cf Ap ⋅ f yd
Lx = =
b ⋅ τ u,Rd b ⋅ τ u,Rd
τ u,Rk 0, 306
τ u,Rd = = = 0,245 N/mm2
γ Vs 1, 25
955 ⋅ 320
Lx = = 1247 mm
1000 ⋅ 0,245
Hence, at a distance of 1247 mm from the support a full shear connection is
fulfilled.
Design check using the simplified partial interaction diagram:

For any cross section along the span it has to be shown that the corresponding
design bending moment, MEd, does not exceed the design bending resistance,
MRd. In the figure x is the distance from the support.


MRd, MEd
[kNm/m]
30
Mpl,Rd
MRd
20
10 [γ G ⋅ ( g1 + g 2 ) + γ Q ⋅ q ] ⋅ x
M Ed = ⋅ ( L − x)
Mpa 2
0 x [m]
0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2

Lx
M Ed ≤ M Rd for all cross sections
Vertical shear:
[γ G ⋅ ( g1 + g 2 ) + γ Q ⋅ q ] ⋅ L
VEd =
2
[1, 35 ⋅ ( 2, 6 + 1, 2) + 1, 5 ⋅ 5, 0] ⋅ 3, 6
VEd = = 22,7 kN/m
2
Design vertical shear resistance:

Vv,Rd = ⎡⎣CRd,c ⋅ k ⋅ (100 ⋅ ρ I ⋅ f ck )1 / 3 + k1 ⋅ σ cp ⎤⎦ ⋅ bw ⋅ d p EN 1992-1-1
§6.2.2
with a minimum of
Vv,Rd,min = ( vmin + k1 ⋅ σ cp ) ⋅ bw ⋅ d p
0,18 0,18 See Note in

CRd,c = = = 0,12 EN 1992-1-1
γC 1, 5
§6.2.2
200 200
k = 1+ = 1+ = 2, 4
dp 101


Asl
ρl = ≤ 0,02
bw ⋅ d p
Asl is the area of the tension reinforcement in [mm], i.e Asl = Ap
bw = 400 mm/m, i.e. the smallest width in [mm] of the section in the
tension area.
955
ρl = = 0,024 > 0,02 Æ ρl = 0,02
400 ⋅101
N Ed
σ cp = = 0 , since NEd = 0, i.e. no axial forces or prestress.
Ac
See Note in
k1 = 0,15 EN 1992-1-1
§6.2.2
Vv,Rd = ⎡⎣0,12 ⋅ 2, 4 ⋅ (100 ⋅ 0, 02 ⋅ 25)1 / 3 + 0,15 ⋅ 0 ⎤⎦ ⋅ 400 ⋅ 101
Vv,Rd = 42,8 kN/m
Minimum value
vmin = 0, 035 ⋅ k 3 / 2 ⋅ f ck1/2 = 0, 035 ⋅ 2, 43 / 2 ⋅ 251 / 2 = 0,65
Vv,Rd,min = ( 0, 65 + 0,15 ⋅ 0) ⋅ 400 ⋅ 101 = 26,3 kN/m
Vv,Rd = 42,8 kN/m > 22,7 kNm/m = VEd OK

All design checks of the composite slab in the ultimate limit state are OK.
Serviceability limit state:

Cracking of concrete:
As the slab is designed as simply supported, only anti-crack reinforcement is EN 1994-1-1
needed. The cross-sectional area of the reinforcement above the ribs should be §9.8.1 (2)
not less than 0,4% of the cross-sectional area of the concrete above the ribs.
min As = 0, 004 ⋅ b ⋅ hc = 0, 004 ⋅ 1000 ⋅ 75 = 300 mm2/m
φ8 s160 mm will be enough for this purpose.



Deflection:
For the calculations of the deflections of the slab, the slab is considered to be EN1994-1-1
continuous. The following approximations apply: §9.8.2 (5)
• the second moment of area may be taken as the average of the values
for the cracked and un-cracked section;
• for concrete, an average value of the modular ratio, n, for both long-
and short-term effects may be used.
Ep Ep 210000
n= = = ≈ 10
E '
1 ⎛ E ⎞ 2
cm ⋅ ⎜ Ecm + cm ⎟ ⋅ 31000
2 ⎝ 3 ⎠ 3
Second moment of area for the cracked section

b ⋅ xc3
I bc = + Ap ⋅ ( d p − xc )2 + I p
3⋅ n
∑ Ai ⋅ zi n ⋅ Ap ⎛ 2 ⋅ b ⋅ dp ⎞
xc = = ⋅⎜ 1+ − 1⎟
∑ Ai b ⎜ n ⋅ Ap ⎟
⎝ ⎠
10 ⋅ 955 ⎛ 2 ⋅ 1000 ⋅ 101 ⎞

xc = ⋅⎜ 1+ − 1⎟ = 35,4 mm
1000 ⎜⎝ 10 ⋅ 955 ⎟
⎠
1000 ⋅ 35, 43
I bc = + 955 ⋅ (101 − 35, 4)2 + 33, 0 ⋅ 104 = 5, 92 ⋅ 106 mm4/m
3 ⋅ 10
Second moment of area for the un-cracked section

2
hc ⎞ b0 ⋅ hp b0 ⋅ hp ⎛ hp ⎞
2
b ⋅ hc3 b ⋅ hc
3
⎛
I bu = + ⋅ ⎜ xu − ⎟ + + ⋅ ⎜ ht − xu − ⎟ +
12 ⋅ n n ⎝ 2⎠ 12 ⋅ n n ⎝ 2⎠
Ap ⋅ ( d p − xu )2 + I p
hc2 ⎛ h ⎞
b⋅ + b0 ⋅ hp ⋅ ⎜ ht − p ⎟ + n ⋅ Ap ⋅ d p
xu =
2 ⎝ 2⎠
b ⋅ hc + b0 ⋅ hp + n ⋅ Ap


752 ⎛ 45 ⎞
1000 ⋅ + 650 ⋅ 45 ⋅ ⎜ 120 − ⎟ + 10 ⋅ 955 ⋅ 101
xu =
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
= 58,3 mm
1000 ⋅ 75 + 650 ⋅ 45 + 10 ⋅ 955
2
1000 ⋅ 753 1000 ⋅ 75 ⎛ 75 ⎞ 610 ⋅ 453
I bu = + ⋅ ⎜ 58, 3 − ⎟ + +
12 ⋅ 10 10 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 12 ⋅ 10
2
610 ⋅ 45 ⎛ 45 ⎞
⋅ ⎜120 − 58, 3 − ⎟ + 955 ⋅ (101 − 58, 3)2 +
10 ⎝ 2 ⎠
33, 0 ⋅ 104 = 13, 5 ⋅ 106 mm 4 /m
Average Ib of the cracked and un-cracked section
I bc + I bu 5, 92 + 13, 5
Ib = = ⋅ 106 = 9, 7 ⋅ 106 mm 4 /m
2 2
Deflections
The total deflection under the worst load case should not exceed L/250. EN1992-1-1
Weight of floor finishes: §7.4.1(4)
0, 0068 ⋅ g 2 ⋅ L4 0, 0068 ⋅ 1, 2 ⋅ 36004

δ c,g = = = 0,67 mm
2
E ⋅ Ib 210000 ⋅ 9, 7 ⋅ 106
Live load, worst case:

q q
0, 0099 ⋅ψ 1 ⋅ q ⋅ L4 0, 0099 ⋅ 0, 7 ⋅ 5, 0 ⋅ 36004

δ c,q = = = 2,86 mm
E ⋅ Ib 210000 ⋅ 9, 7 ⋅ 106
Removal of the props:
G 1' G 1' G 1'
L 3, 6
G1′ = g1 ⋅ = 2, 6 ⋅ = 4,68 kN/m
2 2
0, 01146 ⋅ G1′ ⋅ L3 0, 01146 ⋅ 4680 ⋅ 36003

δ c,G ′ = = = 1,23 mm
1 E ⋅ Ib 210000 ⋅ 9, 7 ⋅ 106
e
E x a m p l e : C o m p o s i t

n

i
u

r

J

y
Total deflection:
p
δ c = δ c,G ′ + δ c,g + δ c,q = 1, 23 + 0, 67 + 2, 86 = 4,76 mm

2
1
,
o
L 3600
δ c = 4,76 mm < = = 14,4 mm OK
250 250
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SX009a-EN-EU
Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE Example: Composite floor slab
Reference(s)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Name Company Date
Created by Jonas Gozzi SBI 10/03/2005
Technical content checked by Bernt Johansson SBI 08/04/2005
Editorial content checked by
Technical content endorsed by the

following STEEL Partners:
1. UK G W Owens SCI 7/7/05
2. France A Bureau CTICM 17/8/05
3. Sweden A Olsson SBI 8/8/05
4. Germany C Muller RWTH 10/8/05

5. Spain J Chica Labein 12/8/05
Resource approved by Technical G W Owens SCI 06/7/06

Coordinator
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Example: Composite floor slab

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX009a-EN-EU Sheet 1 of 12

Eurocode Ref EN 1994-1-1, EN 1993-1-3, EN 1992-1-1 & EN 1993-1-1