Electrical and Electronics Mini Project Report On Control of PC With TV Remote Cusat University

PC CONTROLLED WITH TV REMOTE
MINOR PROJECT REPORT
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B-TECH)

In
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
Of
COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Submitted by
AJU M.T.
GOPIKRISHNAN K.
NITHIN P.
RANJITHA P.V.
SARANYA M.
DEPT.OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TRIKARIPUR
CHEEMENI-671 313, KASARGOD
2010
PC CONTROLLED WITH TV REMOTE
MINOR PROJECT REPORT
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B-TECH)

In
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
Of
COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Submitted by
AJU M.T.
GOPIKRISHNAN K.
NITHIN P.
RANJITHA P.V.
SARANYA M.
DEPT.OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CHEEMENI-671 313, KASARGOD
2010
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Certificate
This is to certify that this is a bonafide record of the project work entitled
“PC CONTROLLED WITH TV REMOTE”
done by the following students
AJU M.T.
GOPIKRISHNAN K.
NITHIN P.
RANJITHA P.V.
SARANYA M.
Of the sixth semester, Electrical and Electronics Engineering in the year 2010
in partial fulfillment of the requirements to the award of Degree Bachelor of
Technology , in Electrical and Electronics Engineering of Cochin University of
Science and Technology.
Project Guide Project coordinator Head of the Department
Mrs. FOUSIYA K. Sri.GIREESHKUMAR A. Sri.KUNHIRAMAN A.

Lecturer Lecturer Head of the department
Dept. of Electrical & Dept. of Electrical & Dept. of Electrical &
Electronics Engg. Electronics Engg. Electronics Engg.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We take this occasion to thank GOD ALMIGHTY for giving us the favour
to complete this project to the extent of our knowledge and capabilities.
We are extremely grateful to the principal Sri. Dr. V.V.KARUNAKARAN,

College of Engineering Trikaripur, Cheemeni for providing the necessary
facilities.
We express our sincere thanks to our respected Head of the Department

Sri.KUNHIRAMAN A. for allowing us to use the facilities available. We also
thankful to Sri.GIREESHKUMAR A. Lecturer in Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, for his valuable guidance in this project. We extend our sincere
and heartfelt thanks to our esteemed guide, Mrs. FOUSIYA K. Lecturer in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering, for providing us with the right guidance
and advice at the crucial junctures and for showing us the right way.
We would like to thank the other faculty members also, at this occasion.
Last but not the least, we would like to thank friends for the support and
encouragement they have given us during the course of our work.
AJU M.T.
GOPIKRISHNAN K.
NITHIN P.
RANJITHA P.V.
SARANYA M.
ABSTRACT
As the name specifies “PC CONTROLLED WITH TV REMOTE” is a
circuit developed for controlling the computer with a TV remote. Mouse is an
integral part of computer which provides an easy interface with system. Both
corded and cordless or Bluetooth mouse are available in the market. But their
range of operation has always been a major constraint for users. Through our
project we have tried to increase the range to a comfortable level. For the TV
remote to work you need a device that decodes IR remote control data signals
and a PC application that communicates to this device connected to PC.
Here we used a remote control for PHILIPS TV as the PC REMOTE
since it is cheaply available. The Philips TV remote uses the IR signal within an
encoded protocol known as RC5 protocol.
The circuit can realized using digital ICs and discrete components. But
our design involves a microcontroller because it greatly simplifies the job at the
same time gives the designer great flexibility and plenty of features- all can be
accessed through the software. We selected AT89C2051 Microcontroller of
ATMEL to start our journey to the fascinating world of embedded controllers.
The AT89C2051 is a 20 pin, low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit
microcomputer with 2K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read-only
memory (PEROM).It uses the interrupt of the microcontroller to receive the
encoded data from the Infrared receiver. Microcontroller decodes the RC5
encoded data into simple BCD and converts it to serial data which can be
taken out from the serial out pin of the Microcontroller. To interface the
microcontroller TTL logic to the RST232 logic of the computer we use a driver
IC. The output of the driver IC is connected to the PC COM port. In the
computer an application receives the serial data and a predefined action is
done according to it.
CONTENTS
PAGE NO.
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. BLOCK DIAGRAM 2
3. WORKING PRINCIPLE 3
4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 4
5. COMPONENTS LIST 5
6. FLOW CHART 6
7. DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS 10
8. PROGRAMME 21
9. EVALUATION 29
10. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD 30
11. COST ESTIMATION 35
12. CONCLUSIONS 36
13. REFERENCE 37
14. DATASHEETS 38
Project Report -2010 Control Of PC With TV Remote
1. INTRODUCTION
The invention of microcontrollers is the cutting edge of
futuristic technology. Microcontrollers have made a deep impact
in various fields of science, engineering and technology. The
main perspective of this project is to study various functions of
AT89C2051 as a controlling device. AT89C2051 is a powerful
microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective
solution to many embedded control applications. This powerful
yet easy to program CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 2K bytes of
flash programmable and erasable read-only memory (PEROM).
This device easily adaptable for automotive, industrial,
appliances and consumer entry level product applications that
require field re-programmability. In our project we use this chip
as the main component of the system. It receives the RC5
encoded IR signal from the receiver and produces equivalent
serial 8bit binary output in serial out pin. The major part of this
project is the decoding of the RC5 signal. All those function of
decoding is done by the microcontroller.
Visual Basic is a tool that allows you to develop Windows
(Graphic User Interface - GUI) applications. The applications
have a familiar appearance to the user. In the PC the installed
software PC REMOTE.exe is created in visual basic. In this
programme we have written that what to do when different serial
data appears in the serial port of the PC. All the actions were
predefined in this application. Actually this software is doing all
the actions like mouse control, media player control etc
according to remote control operation.
Dept. of EEE 1 College of Engineering Trikaripur

2. BLOCK DIAGRAM

3. WORKING THEORY
A 230/12v transformer is used to step down 230v to 12v
which is fed to the bridge rectifier. The output is fed to the input
of regulator IC (LM7805). Thus a constant voltage of 5V is
obtained. Capacitors of value 1000µF are used to remove high
frequency ripples.
Thus 5V is fed to the IR receiver, AT89C2051-
Microcontroller and driver IC MAX-232.
There is IR receiver which receives the 14Bit RC5 encoded
IR signal from the TV remote which is connected to the
microcontroller. The IR receiver converts the IR signal to 14 bit
5V peak pulse train. Microcontroller decodes the 14Bit pulse
train. Since we just need the 6 command bits, one toggle bit and
one start bit the program is written to out only 8Bit from the 14Bit
input. Microcontroller outs the 8Bit data as serial data through the
serial data out pin of the microcontroller. The microcontroller is of
CMOS logic and the PC COM port of the PC is of RST232 logic
therefore a TTL/CMOS-RST232 driver/receiver IC is used. Thus
the 8Bit BCD data corresponding to a specific button in the
remote appears in the PC-COM port of the computer.
The software PCREMOTE.exe installed in the computer is
started. Then it starts to read the 8Bit BCD data in the RST port.
Corresponding to the 8Bit data a predefined action will be done
by the software like mouse up, mouse down, right mouse click,
launching windows media player, volume up, volume down etc.
When the application PCREMOTE.exe is closed the control on
the PC with TV remote ends.

4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

5. COMPONENTS LIST
COMPONENTS SPECIFICATION
µC AT89C2051
IC1 MAX232
Resistors
R5 10kΩ
Capacitors
C2,C3 33pF
C6 10OnF
C4,C7,C8,C9,C10 10µF,60V
Miscellaneous
IRX1 TSOP 1738
LED1 RED
S1 MICROSWITCH
XTAL1 11.0592MHz

6.FLOW CHART
START
INITIALISE VARIABLES
TEMP,ADDR, CMD, COUNT
CLEAR RAM
READ 1’ST BIT
IS NO
BIT A
HIGH
YES
DELAY 3.024mS
INITIALISE COUNT=5
B READ BIT FROM P3.3
DELAY 1.728mS

DECREMENT COUNT
NO IS
B COUNT
=0
YES
STORE ADDR
INITIALISE COUNT=6
READ BIT FROM SERIAL PORT
DELAY 1.728mS
DECREMENT COUNT
NO IS
COUNT
=0
YES
STORE IN ACCUMULATOR

STORE IN CMD
IS NO
ADDR A
=00H
YES
SET MODE=0
NO IS YES
MODE=
0
KEYBOARD MOUSE
SERIAL TRANSMIT
MODE, TOGGLE, CMD

KEYBOARD
IS
TEMP=CMD
COMPLEMENT TOGGLE
RETURN
MOUSE
IS
TEMP=CMD
COMPLEMENT TOGGLE
RETURN

7. DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS
7.1.POWER SUPPLY
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Power supply section generates a regulated voltage of 5V

from the 230V 1phase AC supply. Regulated 5V uses for power
up microcontroller and other components. The line voltage
230VAC applied to the primary of the transformer
(230/12,250mA). It’s secondary 12V rectified using bridge
rectifier and filtered using 1000µF electrolytic capacitor. This
filtered 5V supply is given to the LM7805 voltage regulator. This
gives a regulated 5V DC supply.
7.2. LM7805 VOLTAGE REGULATOR

 Features
 Output Current up to 1A
 Output Voltage of 5V
 Thermal Overload Protection
 Short Circuit Protection
 Output Transistor Safe Operating Area
Protection

7.3. TV REMOTE
The TV remote here we used is the remote PHILIPS
RC7812.It uses a protocol invented by PHILIPS known as RC5
protocol.
7.3.1. RC5 protocol
The RC-5 code from Philips is possibly the most used

protocol by hobbyists, probably because of the wide availability
of cheap remote controls. The protocol is well defined for
different device types ensuring compatibility with our whole
entertainment system.
 Features
 5 bit address and 6 bit command length

 Bi-phase coding (aka Manchester coding)
 Carrier frequency of 36kHz
 Constant bit time of 1.778ms (64 cycles of 36 kHz)
 Manufacturer Philips
The protocol uses bi-phase modulation (Manchester

coding) of a 36 kHz IR carrier frequency. All bits are of equal
length of 1.778ms in this protocol, with half of the bit time filled
with a burst of the 36 kHz carrier and the other half being idle. A
logical zero is represented by a burst in the first half of the bit
time. A logical one is represented by a burst in the second half of
the bit time. The pulse/pause ratio of the 36 kHz carrier
frequency is 1/3 or 1/4 which reduces power consumption.

7.4. IR RECEIVER
The IR receiver here used is the widely used IR

receiver TSOP1738. The TSOP1738 is a miniaturized receiver
for infrared remote control systems. PIN diode and preamplifier
are assembled on lead frame, the epoxy package is designed as
IR filter. The demodulated output signal can directly be decoded
by a microprocessor/ microcontroller. TSOP1738 is the standard
IR remote control receiver series, supporting all major
transmission codes.
 Features
 Photo detector and preamplifier in one package

 Internal filter for PCM frequency
 Improved shielding against electrical field disturbance
 TTL and CMOS compatibility
 Output active low
 Low power consumption
 High immunity against ambient light
 Continuous data transmission possible (up to 2400 bps)
From the datasheet the output of the IR receiver in a circuit can

be improved by the recommended settings from the
manufacturer.
*) Recommended to suppress power supply disturbances

**) The output voltage should not be hold continuously at a
voltage below 3.3V by the external circuit.

7.5. MICROCONTROLLER
A microcontroller is a computer-on-a-chip, containing a

processor, memory, and input/output functions. It is a
microprocessor emphasizing high integration, in contrast to a
general-purpose microprocessor (the kind used in a PC).In
addition to the usual arithmetic and logic element of a general
purpose microprocessor, the microcontroller integrates additional
elements such as read-write memory for data storage, read-only
memory for program storage, peripheral devices, and
input/output interfaces. At clock speeds of as little as a few MHz
or even lower, microcontrollers often operate at very low speed
compared to modern day microprocessors, but this is adequate
for typical applications. They consume relatively little power (mile
watts), and will generally have the ability to sleep while waiting
for an interesting peripheral event such as a button press to
wake up again to do something. Power consumption while
sleeping may be just nano watts, making them ideal for low
power and long lasting battery applications.
The microcontroller we used is the AT89C2051

manufactured by ATMEL Corporation. It is a 20 pin flash based
8bit CMOS microcontroller. The embedded software of the
microcontroller decodes the RC5 signal from the remote, which is
the major function in this project. This chip includes high
performance RISC CPU with plenty of features. Besides it is a
low priced and easily available.
7.5.1. AT89C2051 Features
Some of the special features of this microcontroller are

given below.
 Compatible with MCS®-51Products
 2K Bytes of Reprogrammable Flash Memory –
Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles
 2.7V to 6V Operating Range
 Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz
 Two-level Program Memory Lock
 128 x 8-bit Internal RAM

 15 Programmable I/O Lines

 Two 16-bit Timer/Counters
 Six Interrupt Sources
 Programmable Serial UART Channel
 Direct LED Drive Outputs
 On-chip Analog Comparator
 Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes
 Green (Pb/Halide-free) Packaging Option
7.5.2. PIN Diagram
Microcontroller communicates input/output devices through

it’s ports. In AT89C2051 there are 15 I/O ports available for the
user. They can be use as general digital input or output pins.
Some I/O pins occupy other functions as interrupts, counter,
serial input/output ports, timers etc. they are selected in software
routines according to the logic of the program. A description of
the I/O ports of the AT89C2051 is given below.
PORT 1
The Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port. Port pins P1.2

to P1.7 provide internal pull-ups. P1.0 and P1.1 require external
pull-ups. P1.0 and P1.1 also serve as the positive input (AIN0)
and the negative input (AIN1), respectively, of the on-chip

precision analog comparator. The Port 1 out-put buffers can sink

20 mA and can drive LED displays directly. When 1s are written
to Port 1 pins, they can be used as inputs. When pins P1.2 to
P1.7 are used as inputs and are externally pulled low, they will
source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 1 also
receives code data during Flash programming and verification.
PORT 3
Port 3 pins P3.0 to P3.5, P3.7 are seven bi-directional I/O

pins with internal pull-ups. P3.6 is hard-wired as an input to the
output of the on-chip comparator and is not accessible as a gen-
eral-purpose I/O pin. The Port 3 output buffers can sink 20 mA.
When 1s are written to Port 3 pins they are pulled high by the
internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3
pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL)
because of the pull-ups.
Port Pin Alternate Functions
P3.0 RXD (serial input port)

P3.1 TXD (serial output port)
P3.2 INT0 (external interrupt 0)
P3.3 INT1 (external interrupt 1)
P3.4 T0 (timer 0 external input)
P3.5 T1 (timer 1 external input)
7.6 DRIVER IC
The maximum current that can be delivered by a
AT89C2051 microcontroller is 25mA. Thus the serial output
taken from the microcontroller is of TTL/CMOS logic. In
TTL/CMOS logic the logic levels are +5V and 0V.Where the PC
COM port works in a different communication standard known as
Serial RS-232. Thus the RS-232 signal levels are far too
high TTL electronics, and the negative RS-232 voltage for high
can’t be handled at all by computer logic. This communication
works with voltages -15V to +15V for high and low. To receive
serial data from an TTL/CMOS interface the voltage has to be
up. When communicating with PC COM port we need to convert

the TTL/CMOS levels up to higher levels, typically -15V & +15

Volts.
Here the level converter uses a Max232 and five
capacitors. The MAX232 from Maxim was the first IC which in
one package contains the necessary drivers and receivers to
adapt the TTL signal voltage levels to RS-232 logic. It became
popular, because it just needs one voltage (+5V or +3.3V) and
generates the necessary RS-232 voltage levels.
7.6.1 Features
The driver IC MAX232 has the following features.
 Operate from Single +5V Power Supply

 Low-Power Receive Mode in Shutdown
 Meet All EIA/TIA-232E and V.28 Specifications
 Multiple Drivers and Receivers
 3-State Driver and Receiver Outputs

7.6.2 Pin Diagram
The MAX232 have two internal charge-pumps that convert

+5V to ±10V (unloaded) for RS-232 driver operation. The first
converter uses capacitor C1 to double the +5V input to +10V on
C3 at the V+ output. The second converter uses capacitor C2 to
invert +10V to -10V on C4 at the V- output. A small amount of
power may be drawn from the +10V (V+) and -10V (V-) outputs
to power external circuitry. V+ and V- are not regulated, so the
output voltage drops with increasing load current.
7.7. PC COM PORT
The UART serial port (serial Com port) is an I/O

(Input/output) device. An I/O device is just a way to get data into
and out of a computer using. There are many types of I/O
devices such as serial ports, parallel ports, disk drive controllers,
ethernet boards, universal serial buses, etc.

Most PC's have one or two serial ports. Each has a 9pin
connector (sometimes 25pin) on the back of the computer.
Computer programs can send data (bytes) to the transmit pin
(output) and receive bytes from the receive pin (input). The other
pins are for control purposes and ground.
The serial port is much more than just a connector. It converts
the data from parallel to serial and changes the electrical
representation of the data. Inside the computer, data bits flow in
parallel (using many wires at the same time). Serial flow is a
stream of bits over a single wire (such as on the transmit or
receive pin of the serial connector).
Old PC's used 25 pin connectors but only about 9 pins

were actually used so today most connectors are only 9pin.Each
of the 9 pins usually connects to a wire. Besides the two wires
used for transmitting and receiving data, another pin (wire) is
signal ground. The voltage on any wire is measured with respect
to this ground. Thus the minimum number of wires to use for 2-
way transmission of data is 3. There are still more wires which
are for control purposes (signaling) only and not for sending
bytes. All of these signals could have been shared on a single
wire, but instead, there is a separate dedicated wire for every
type of signal.

7.8. PC REMOTE.exe
It is a windows application created in the visual basic

programming language. For the working of this PC remote this
application should be installed in the computer.
This program scans the serial port frequently when it
started. Thus this application read the decoded serial BCD data
from the PC COM port. There is several actions are predefined in
this application for the TV remote buttons.
When this application closes the PC Remote working also stops

down.

7.8.1. Visual Basic
Visual Basic is a tool to develop Windows (Graphic User

Interface - GUI) applications. The applications have a familiar
appearance to the user. Visual Basic is event-driven, meaning
code remains idle until called upon to respond to some event
(button pressing, menu selection ...). Visual Basic is governed by
an event processor. Nothing happens until an event is detected.
Once an event is detected, the code corresponding to that event
(event procedure) is executed. Program control is then returned
to the event processor.
 Some Features of Visual Basic
 Full set of objects - you 'draw' the application

 Lots of icons and pictures for your use
 Response to mouse and keyboard actions
 Clipboard and printer access
 Full array of mathematical, string handling, and
graphics functions
 Can handle fixed and dynamic variable and control
arrays
 Sequential and random access file support
 Useful debugger and error-handling facilities
 Powerful database access tools
 ActiveX support
 Package & Deployment Wizard makes distributing
your applications simple.
From the development of Visual Basic there have been different

versions of the software.We used the Visual Basic 6.0.some
features of the version is listed below.
 Faster compiler
 New ActiveX data control object
 Allows database integration with wide variety of
applications
 New data report designer
 New Package & Deployment Wizard
 Additional internet capabilities.

8. PROGRAM
VAR1 equ r7 ;Temporary Variable
TEMP equ 10H ;Temp variable
COUNT equ 11H ;Count
ADDR equ 12H ;Device address
CMD equ 13H ;Command
TEMP1 equ 14H ;Temporary Variable 1
FLIP bit 00H ;Flip bit
TOG bit 01H ;Temp bit for flip
MODE bit 02H ;Mouse mode/Keyboard mode
default:mouse
VALID bit 03H ;Valid bit
IR equ P3.3 ;IR Receiver connected to this pin
org 00H ;Start of prog

clr a
mov r0,#7FH
clrram: ;Clearing Internal RAM
mov @r0,a
djnz r0,clrram
mov sp,#50H ;Stack Pointer setup
mov TMOD,#20H ;Serial port setup
mov SCON,#50H ;Receive enable
mov TH1,#0FDH ;9600, 8-N-1
mov TL1,#0FDH
clr TOG ;clear temp bit
clr MODE ;Set the default mode
setb TR1 ;Start serial clock
main:
jb IR,$ ;Wait for first bit
mov VAR1,#255 ;3.024mS delay
djnz VAR1,$
mov VAR1,#255
djnz VAR1,$
mov VAR1,#255
djnz VAR1,$
mov VAR1,#255

djnz VAR1,$
mov VAR1,#255
djnz VAR1,$
mov VAR1,#100
djnz VAR1,$
mov c,IR ;Read Flip bit
mov FLIP,c
clr A
mov COUNT,#5 ;Count for address
fadd:
mov VAR1,#255 ;1.728mS delay for each bit
djnz VAR1,$
mov VAR1,#255
djnz VAR1,$
mov VAR1,#255
djnz VAR1,$
mov VAR1,#4
djnz VAR1,$
mov c,IR
rlc a
djnz COUNT,fadd
mov ADDR,A ;Save the address
clr a
mov COUNT,#6 ;Count for Command
fcmd:
mov VAR1,#255 ;1.728mS Delay for each bit
djnz VAR1,$
mov VAR1,#255
djnz VAR1,$
mov VAR1,#255
djnz VAR1,$
mov VAR1,#4
djnz VAR1,$
mov c,IR
rlc a
djnz COUNT,fcmd
mov TEMP,CMD ;Save the old command
mov CMD,a ;Save the new command
mov a,ADDR ;Cheack for valid address
cjne a,#00,nvalid
jb MODE,key ;Use mouse mode if Mode bit is 0

acall mouse
ljmp main
key: ;or keyboard mode if Mode bit is 1
acall keyboard
nvalid:
ljmp main
mouse: ;Routine for Mouse operation

mov a,CMD
cjne a,#0CH,mskip
mov a,TEMP
cjne a,CMD,m_valid
ret
m_valid:
clr a
mov c,FLIP
rlc a
mov TEMP1,a
clr a
mov c,TOG
rlc a
cjne a,TEMP1,m_valid1
ret
m_valid1:
mov c,FLIP
mov TOG,c
mov a,CMD
cjne a,#0CH,mskip
mov a,#30H
acall tx
jnb RI,$
clr RI
mov a,SBUF
cjne a,#'m',keymode
clr MODE
ret
keymode:
setb MODE
ret
mskip:

cjne a,#01H,mskip1
acall chk_valid
jb VALID,ok1
ret
ok1:
mov a,#31H
acall tx
ret
mskip1:
cjne a,#02H,mskip2
mov a,#32H
acall tx
ret
mskip2:
cjne a,#03H,mskip3
acall chk_valid
jb VALID,ok2
ret
ok2:
mov a,#33H
acall tx
ret
mskip3:
cjne a,#04H,mskip4
mov a,#34H
acall tx
ret
mskip4:
cjne a,#05H,mskip5
mov a,#35H
acall tx
ret
mskip5:
cjne a,#06H,mskip6
mov a,#36H
acall tx

ret
mskip6:
cjne a,#26H,mskip7
mov a,#37H
acall tx
ret
mskip7:
cjne a,#38H,mskip8
mov a,#38H
acall tx
ret
mskip8:
cjne a,#10H,mskip9
mov a,#37H
acall tx
ret
mskip9:
cjne a,#11H,mskip10
mov a,#38H
acall tx
mskip10:
ret
chk_valid:
mov a,TEMP
cjne a,CMD,ms_valid1
ret
ms_valid1:
clr a
mov c,FLIP
rlc a
mov TEMP1,a
clr a
mov c,TOG
rlc a
cjne a,TEMP1,ms_valid
clr VALID
ret

ms_valid:
mov c,FLIP
mov TOG,c
setb VALID
ret
keyboard: ;Routine for Keyboard operation

mov a,TEMP
cjne a,CMD,k_valid1
ret
k_valid1:
clr a
mov c,FLIP
rlc a
mov TEMP1,a
clr a
mov c,TOG
rlc a
cjne a,TEMP1,k_valid
ret
k_valid:
mov c,FLIP
mov TOG,c
mov a,CMD
clr c
cjne a,#7,chk
chk:
jnc greater
add a,#30H
acall tx
ret
greater:
cjne a,#0CH,next
mov a,#30H
acall tx
jnb RI,$
clr RI
mov a,SBUF
cjne a,#'m',keymode1
clr MODE
ret

keymode1:
setb MODE
ret
next:
cjne a,#26H,next1
mov a,#37H
acall tx
ret
next1:
cjne a,#38H,next2
mov a,#38H
acall tx
ret
next2:
cjne a,#10H,next3
mov a,#37H
acall tx
ret
next3:
cjne a,#11H,next4
mov a,#38H
acall tx
ret
next4:
cjne a,#20H,next5
mov a,#36H
acall tx
ret
next5:
cjne a,#21H,next6
mov a,#35H
acall tx
ret
next6:
cjne a,#0DH,next7
mov a,#39H
acall tx
next7:
ret

tx: ;Serial Transmit

mov sbuf,a
jnb TI,$
clr TI
ret
END

9. EVALUATION
APPLICATION
PC remote control is used to control the computer as a
wireless mouse. This remote can all multimedia operation in a
computer like movie, music playing, volume control, forwarding,
reverse, etc. It simply converts your PC into a multimedia PC. It
can be further modified into do greater jobs in the computer like
log off, stand by, restart, shut down etc.
ADVANTAGE
This circuit is simple to use and efficient. It can be
assembled with ease. It is cheap and hence and very economic.
It is small in size and can be fixed just as a peripheral device.
It gives a range of operation other than any PC remote available
in the market.
DISADVANTAGE
The one and only one disadvantage is that less or more
line of sight operation should be maintained to get easy
functionality of this circuit.

10. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
Components layout
PCB FABRICATION
Printed circuits boards play a vital role here in

determining the overall performance of electronic equipment .A
good PCB design ensures that the noise introduced as a result of
component placement and track layout is held within limits while
still providing components years of assembly maintenance and
performance reliability.
Where and Why are PCB’s used?
Printed circuits boards are used to route electric signals through
copper track which are firmly bonded to an Insulating base.

Advantages of PCB over common wiring are:

1. PCB’s are necessary for connecting a large number of
electronic components in a very small area with minimum
parasitic effects.
2. PCB’s are simulated with mass production with less chance of
writing error.
3. Small components are easily mounted.
4. Servicing is simplified.
The base materials used for PCB’s are glass epoxy, epoxy
paper, polyester etc. Copper foil used for copper clad is
manufactured by the process of electronic deposition .The
properties of copper foil are:
Thickness………………35µ meter
Thickness tolerance……+5 µ meter
Purity of Copper………99.8%
Resistivity at 20◦C…….0.1594
PREPARATION OF SINGLE SIDED PCB
In a single sided PCB the conductor tracks run only on

one side of copper clad board. Thus crossing of conductors is not
allowed. Base materials are selected according to application. It
is mechanically and chemically cleansed. Then the photo resist is
an organic solution which when exposed to light of proper
wavelength, changes their solubility in developer but after
exposure to light is not soluble. Laminate coating of photo resist
is done by (i)spray coating (ii)Dip coating (iii)Roller coating. The
coated copper clad and laminated film negative is kept in intimate

contact with each other.
The assembly is exposed to UV light and exposed board

is rinsed in the developer tank. Proper developer has to be used
for a particular photo resist and then the PCB is dyed in a tray.
The dye reveals the flux to be used for a particular photo resist.
Then the PCB is dyed in a tray.
LAYOUT
The layout can be done either by hand or by using PCB

designing software like ORCAD or PROTEL.
FABRICATION
The required circuit is designed and the layout of the circuit is
done on the component side as well as the copper clad side.
Spaces are provided for holes to insert the respective
components. Etch resistant ink coatings are given on the
interconnecting marks.
ETCHING
The copper clad PCB is etched with ferric chloride solution
containing a small amount of Hydro Chloric Acid for increasing
activeness of Ferric Chloride in etching. Wherever the varnish
coating is there the copper remains. Then it is washed with water
and Oxalic Acid
DRILLING
The required holes are drilled using twist drill. Now the PCB is
complete and ready for soldering.
SOLDERING

Soldering is the process of joining of two metals using an alloy

solder consisting of Tin and Lead (Sn-Pb). Tin determines the
melting whereas the Lead is used to reduce the cost. After the
PCB fabrication is done, the various components are arranged at
proper locations on the PCB and then the soldering is done.
All liquids consist of particles which attract each other. The
surface is always is trying to shrink and this is because of surface
tension. The principle behind soldering is that when liquid
particles are brought in contact with the walls of the solid surface,
it may happen that the solid attracts the liquid surface. This
property is called adhesive property. Care must be taken that the
melting point of solder is below that of the metal so that its
surface is melted without melting without the metal.
NEED FOR FLUX
During the soldering process the flux acts as a medium for

improving the degree of melting. The basic functions of flux are
mentioned below:
1. Removes oxide from the surface.
2. Assists the transfer of heat from the source to the joining and
provides a liquid cover including air gap.
3. Removal of residue after the completion of the soldering
operation.

PCB Layout

11. COST ESTIMATION
NO COMPONENTS SPECIFICATION QUANTITY COST

1 µC AT89C2051 1 NO 1X60.00 = 60.00
2 TRASFORMER 12V-0-12V,250mA 1 NO 1X65.00 = 65.00
3 IC MAX232 1NO. 1X25.00 = 25.00
4 RESISTORS 10kΩ 1 NO 1X00.25 = 00.25
5 CAPACITORS 10µF 4 NOS. 1X02.00 = 02.00

33pF 2 NOS. 2X01.00=002.00
100nF 1 NO 1X01.00 = 01.00
7 SENSOR TSOP1738 NO 1X16.00 = 16.00
9 DIODES 1N4007 6 NOS 6X01.00 = 06.00
11 REMOTE 1NO 1X80.00 = 80.00

12 XTAL 11.0592MHz 1 NO. 1X10.00 = 10.00
OSCILLATOR
13 CLADBOARD 6X4 INCHES 1 NO. 1X25.00 = 25.00
14 COPPER FERRIC 500 GRAM .50X138 = 69.00
ETCHANT CHLORIDE
TOTAL COST=361.25

12. CONCLUSION
With the little knowledge in electronics and computer

programming we could make an application like
“PC CONTROLLED WITH TV REMOTE”
Our PC remote installation is simple. The circuit can easily

connect to the DB9 PC COM port and the software can be
installed in simple steps.
This circuit nowadays has high economical value. There

are many PC Remote models are available in the market, and all
those have a high cost. Other than the cost available models in
the market are works in a short range, needs a Bluetooth module
in the PC. Here our remote works with infrared signals and a
range of approximately 10meters can be achieved without any
difficulty.

13. REFERENCE
 THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLER ARCHITECTURE,

PROGRAMMING, AND APPLICATION
: KENNETH J. AYALA
 WWW.KEIL.COM

 PROGRAMMING WITH VISUAL BASIC 6.0
: MOHAMMED AZAM
 SAMS TEACH YOURSELF VISUAL BASIC 6IN 21 DAYS

: GREG PERRY
 WWW.8051PROJECTS.COM
 WWW.DATASHEETCATALOG.COM
 WWW. SODOITYOURSELF.COM
 WWW.ELECTRO-TECH-ONLINE.COM

14. DATASHEETS

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 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 






  

















 
 
 
 


 
 

 

 





 

 






 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 



 



 

 







 
  


 
 

 
    

   

 
  

   

 
 

     
    
     
     

 
  
 
  

   

  

   


   


   

    

   

    
    
  
 
 
 
  

  
  




 
 


 
 













    

    
   
  
   
    
   
      

     

   
   
   


  

  
  



 


   
   
   
   
 


      


      
      



 


 
 
 
 
  




 





 
  



 
 

 

 
    
    
    
    
    
   
   
   
      
     

 
      

        
   
    
    

    

      


      


     
    

 


  


  


 



 
 

 

 
 
             
         

       
         
 
 
      
       


 

                
 


     
 
 
    


 
 

 
     
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
             
   
 


 
 
www.fairchildsemi.com
MC78XX/LM78XX/MC78XXA
3-Terminal 1A Positive Voltage Regulator
Features Description
• Output Current up to 1A The MC78XX/LM78XX/MC78XXA series of three
• Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V terminal positive regulators are available in the
• Thermal Overload Protection TO-220/D-PAK package and with several fixed output
• Short Circuit Protection voltages, making them useful in a wide range of
• Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection applications. Each type employs internal current limiting,
thermal shut down and safe operating area protection,
making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking
is provided, they can deliver over 1A output current.
Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators,
these devices can be used with external components to
obtain adjustable voltages and currents.
TO-220
1
D-PAK
1
1. Input 2. GND 3. Output
Internal Block Digram
Rev. 1.0.1
©2001 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation
Absolute Maximum Ratings

Parameter Symbol Value Unit
Input Voltage (for VO = 5V to 18V) VI 35 V
(for VO = 24V) VI 40 V
o
Thermal Resistance Junction-Cases (TO-220) R JC 5 C/W
Thermal Resistance Junction-Air (TO-220) R JA 65 oC/W
o
Operating Temperature Range TOPR 0 ~ +125 C
o
Storage Temperature Range TSTG -65 ~ +150 C
Electrical Characteristics (MC7805/LM7805)

(Refer to test circuit ,0 C < TJ < 125 C, IO = 500mA, VI = 10V, CI= 0.33 F, CO= 0.1 F, unless otherwise specified)
MC7805/LM7805
Parameter Symbol Conditions Unit
Min. Typ. Max.
TJ =+25 oC 4.8 5.0 5.2
Output Voltage VO 5.0mA  Io  1.0A, PO  15W
V
VI = 7V to 20V 4.75 5.0 5.25
VO = 7V to 25V - 4.0 100
Line Regulation (Note1) Regline TJ=+25 oC mV
VI = 8V to 12V - 1.6 50
IO = 5.0mA to1.5A - 9 100
Load Regulation (Note1) Regload TJ=+25 oC IO =250mA to mV
- 4 50
750mA
Quiescent Current IQ TJ =+25 oC - 5.0 8.0 mA
IO = 5mA to 1.0A - 0.03 0.5
Quiescent Current Change IQ mA
VI= 7V to 25V - 0.3 1.3
Output Voltage Drift VO/ T IO= 5mA - -0.8 - mV/ oC
Output Noise Voltage VN f = 10Hz to 100KHz, TA=+25 oC - 42 - V/Vo
f = 120Hz
RippleRejection RR 62 73 - dB
VO = 8V to 18V
Dropout Voltage VDrop IO = 1A, TJ =+25 oC - 2 - V
Output Resistance rO f = 1KHz - 15 - m
Short Circuit Current ISC VI = 35V, TA =+25 oC - 230 - mA
o
Peak Current IPK TJ =+25 C - 2.2 - A
Note:
1. Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in Vo due to heating effects must be taken
into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty is used.
2
Mechanical Dimensions
Package
TO-220
   


   
   
  

   
 
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Electrical and Electronics Mini Project Report On Control of PC With TV Remote Cusat University

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Electrical and Electronics Mini Project Report On Control of PC With TV Remote Cusat University

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PC CONTROLLED WITH TV REMOTE

MINOR PROJECT REPORT

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B-TECH)

DEPT.OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B-TECH)

DEPT.OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Project Guide Project coordinator Head of the Department

Mrs. FOUSIYA K. Sri.GIREESHKUMAR A. Sri.KUNHIRAMAN A.

We are extremely grateful to the principal Sri. Dr. V.V.KARUNAKARAN,

We express our sincere thanks to our respected Head of the Department

10. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD 30

11. COST ESTIMATION 35

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READ 1’ST BIT

B READ BIT FROM P3.3

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READ BIT FROM SERIAL PORT

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Power supply section generates a regulated voltage of 5V

7.2. LM7805 VOLTAGE REGULATOR

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7.3.1. RC5 protocol

The RC-5 code from Philips is possibly the most used

 5 bit address and 6 bit command length

The protocol uses bi-phase modulation (Manchester

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The IR receiver here used is the widely used IR

 Photo detector and preamplifier in one package

From the datasheet the output of the IR receiver in a circuit can

*) Recommended to suppress power supply disturbances

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A microcontroller is a computer-on-a-chip, containing a

The microcontroller we used is the AT89C2051

7.5.1. AT89C2051 Features

Some of the special features of this microcontroller are

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 15 Programmable I/O Lines

7.5.2. PIN Diagram

Microcontroller communicates input/output devices through

The Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port. Port pins P1.2

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precision analog comparator. The Port 1 out-put buffers can sink

Port 3 pins P3.0 to P3.5, P3.7 are seven bi-directional I/O

Port Pin Alternate Functions

P3.0 RXD (serial input port)

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the TTL/CMOS levels up to higher levels, typically -15V & +15

The driver IC MAX232 has the following features.

 Operate from Single +5V Power Supply

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7.6.2 Pin Diagram

The MAX232 have two internal charge-pumps that convert

7.7. PC COM PORT

The UART serial port (serial Com port) is an I/O

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