Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
e"
,%
LAUNCH VEHICLE
HANDBOOK
Compiled by
MELVYN SAVAGE
, w'
I ANAI.I._,._ q_509
,-,,.02/1.5._
OFFICF or,_l_AU NCM V=u:CLE PRO 3 R A A-:,:
S
_, , . J.
£-
-_.r-
o_'P 25 l_Sl
i. ':_
N78 71267
Aug 61
/
NOTICE
l
/4r/._0
,-7.
COMPILED BY
MELVYN SAVAGE
SCO "Jt_- A
le
2, THO_.:,-ABLE STAR B
nEt._--CAIRI9 C
3.
4. TIle.--
_.-A&'ENAB D
_.5-AGENA B E
5.
6. _,_s mmmuR F
8. an_ E
TIT ._d_ I I
9.
lO, TIT/_a/_ II J
The weight and payload data presented was obtained from the
various vehicle system contractors. As such, it represents a
variety of computational methods. Therefore direct comparisons of
payload capabilities from one vehicle to another could be misleading
as the degree of conservatism could vary.
t
ANTARES
l
30.55"DIA. !1.2
I
SEPARATION PLANE l
31.00" DIA.
CASTOR
2().7
SEPARATION PLANE
ALGOL i
40.O0"DIA.
30.8
JET VANES _
SCOUT B
A-I
SCOUT
m
Fli_ht Programs
For momlmal flights, the pitch _j'ro of the Scout will be torqued
at rates which will produce a zero lift; that is, gravity turn, trajectory.
_is is done by first approximating as accurately as possible the pitch
rate history associated with a desired controls-locked, no disturbance,
zero-llft trajectory and then modifying this slightly to account for an
Inherent system lag. The basic pitch program is in reality a series of
step functions of such magnitude and duration that the total area formed
by them is equal to the total area under the pitch attitude rate curve,
, of the expected trajectory. The magnitude a_ length of the step
attitude rate functions are determined from a series of straight line
slope approximations to the desired pitch attitude curve. Accuracy of
the program is affected by winds, th__ust misallgrm_ent, az_ inherent control
system lags during the first stage and droop associated with the chs_acter-
istic deadba_ of the second and third stage "on-off" control systems.
Gemers_ howeve=_ the difference between the programmed attitude and the
desired flight-path angle are small except at launch with these differences
temdS_ to diminish asymptotically with time as the velocity vector gradually
tem_s to aline itself with the thrust vector. No attempt is made to adjust
the pitch program for winds and thrust misalignment at this time.
A-2
FZ ,_ht _. _grm_ (Conta)
a_1 heat fairings on third and fourth stages are ejected. Thus far the
as,.aat, az previously described, Ic identical for both probe and orbital
m]._ions_ however, after third-nt,_e burnout, either of two procedures are
fu! Aowed, depending on whether tw: payloa_ is an orbiter, or a probe. For
pr,,_e tr_j,ectorles, the fourth ctaMc is spun up, ignited, and blast separated
fr,,m the _Ird stage 5 seconds aA'tcr third-stage burnout. If there is a fifth
sta_e, iC is ignited immediately after fourth-stage nominal burnout time.
Fo,_ orbiters, the entire third sta_e with its hydrogen peroxide control
sy.tem 8_ll c_eratimg coasts to the apogee of the ascent orbit, aligning
jr.=if _ a programmed altitude for fourth-stage ign_ ion. At this time the
fi,,_i s_e is spun up, the fourth -rage ignites, an_ the third-stage motor
i. i,last _e_arated. If there is ,L fifth stage, it is ignited immediately
af0cc fo'_-_-h-stage burnout. A typlcal four-stage nominal ascent trajectory
is L'reser-_ed in the table below.
A-3
SCOUT
m
After separation of the first stage all succeeding stages are aero-
d_rnamlcally unstable. Because of this, the second stage is not separated
u_il 130,000 feet altitude is reached. This reduces the effect of the
unstable aerodynamic air loads on the control system. Control during
second-stage burmlng is provided by hydrogen peroxide reaction jets which
are operated as an on-off system within a smaA1 deadband. Second-stage
nominal deadband values are as follows:
Position Rate
7
Guidance and Cont=__i _-'_._eu (Contd)
Scout A, B, C
The follow__=__
- ___r_---esan_ charts portray information for Scout B only.
Scout A will be d--_--_U:pe_
i _ -Scout B will take its place in 1962. Scout C
consists of Scout R -----=a fifth stage.
A-5
7
_4m
q_
co
cr_
O_
A-7
+_ll
4.,I
Z"
,_I IiI
!
9--
@
P--
4_
/ :
1,1.--..--
9.--,.---- - .;-_- .
I1........
1
I.....--
..N
@
4 ,.--.--.
Z iim_-
9_
6_
""-r -:
_m
[ q
I
I
|
7
;,o =_ _---=_.
;t :- T -r.e,_
i"
N
&_ ._
7
¢ -r--V-_:
:- =-?._
4_
- "-:::r-- "2
2 r_
.LI':
i i i
1 i i i
ABLESTAR
'/THOR
70.2'
THOR .ABLESTAR
B-I
t
_-_IA + Able Star
_e Thor Able Star is not currently bei_ used in the _J_A _rogram.
It is currently in use in the Transit Project. _ne nominal "._s an_
performance are presented in the following tables and figures-
B-2
t3
J
°_
I o
m
'-'--' t
m,_o
_o
i-I
v
g' 8'
B-3
Q
r
4
q.
|
I
£
4_
|
J_
'r
[0
d
u_
I-4
I-4 !
f
! I !
_t
_! ',._
i_-_
i
"! _i'
B-4 ;5
_i :'
_ 'T! _t_,_G;'i_-I_ _ t
[ l ..,.
'I
I
:.i: ;!
_::_* ,1T. T +,'q----r :ZL:L1
:l; i ;;-:- _'-;i I ¢ I
:1 a'
!? ]iL_.
._1_- _
_ ,'i-1-
lt_ °
',,lu
ill _
z_
l.,m
o_
..:aa : Tr T_
__ t _.-,.4
"---+--'-1
... '-'r: ..... l+,-.t r.-- :n;4:;-:-I
Fret
[]r[
::::::.:.-!
LT'_
-::.- T.
TF!; r_ -----r----_:
. . II:iiN','J!!! :
"T o
1t b
• ,J
o •
• I
.-
t'4
22
a.6
.7
f
! , I
: : 3RD STAGE VEHICLE
EQUIPMENT COMPARTMENT--'i
'I_ _.
TRANSITION SKIRT
i _ GUIDANCE SECTION
f
91.6°
/ \'
/
L_ _.
C-I
t_
DELTA a _ 19
_he trajectory an_ payload data presented are base_ on nominal inputs.
_ne payload is defined as the weight available for the scientific payload an_
its integration structure as well as a_ guidance required beyond, that of the
conventional vehicle.
C-2
Characteristics of Delta Guidance S_stem
The Delta utilizes a flight controller mounted in the first stage guidance
section for control of the vehicle durimg first stage powered flight. Three
zate gyros mounted on the first stage are used in conjunction with the flight
controller. At the end of the first 90 seconds of powered flight, the modified
SO0 BTL radio guidance system, located in the secoml stage vehicle modifies
the first stage flight control _ogrsmmr signals.
_he BTL system specifies that the desired minimum elevation angle prior
to guidance termination be IS °. An elevation angle of 5° is the absolute minimum
that can be tolerated, an_ only under extreme circumstances should this limit be
approached. A satisfactory trajectory can be obtained if the BTL radar line-of-
sight limit angle is held to i0 °.
After second stage burnout, the remaining secom_third stage vehicle attitule
shall be controlled by the coast control system consisting of the second stage
flight controller and four helium gas Jet nozzles workimg on an on-off type of
operation.
The dispersion errors (S_) of the final velocity vector at third stage
burmout when the vehicle is used as a probe with no coast control are:
C-3
Axial Loadln 6 Limitations
The critical structural criteria for the Thor Booster is the -_-_
axial load at main engine cut-off. _his limitation places an upper limit on
booster payload. This limit is 16,000 pounds for unmodified vehicles and
17,000 pounds for a maximum allowable increase in fuel tank pressure.
Wind Shear
c-4
0
cO
(Tk
C_
$
t_
vvv
_5
c-5
0
$
. .....,
,-'4
C-6 2-
g
U _0
II
0
J -rl
__ o __ o
o ,_
x N ,_
• o'3 _:_ 0
0
u'_ ',.0. 0.1 xO
_-_ -.-.- 0 ,-I ,-t 0,1. _- _-
U
0
I1/
a:l
c-?
II
__
:_ i ° _'__°i
_. o _. o. o.
• i d. = _ _ _i_
,,o! ' _._ _,
_ ° _ _
I_ _o
C'_s. _
_ ,
oo
_ c_ . _ o.
c_
_J
0
V
0
!
o o _1 o _J
_J
M
o _ _ ,_ V
I-4
O3
I_. _ _, _ ._ _ ,_
C--8 _
/ \
/ \
\
PAYLOAD ! / \
/
ABL ABL
X 248
ENGINE E'NGINE
L
STANDARD FAIRING STREAI_ INED FAIRING
(HIGHER DRAG) (L¢,'ur R DRAG)
c-9
I
r
[TII
r±;_: _ ......
_ _T_
._+-, ....
N_ ,J-l_ +-+-
_4
,_:_ T_ ....
;?:',!iii
-44i_
2._-.
N_ _---_.
--d.
g-
I
UU
-_=
-I
I
e' '
_.
7"
;:2Z
:;%'
= =-'!Fil •
:ZI ,rH_-Cl
Z_
7,T
qll%
i1,1_
I
4 •
4e
- •
m
AGENA B _--
SEPARATION PLANE
INTERFACE
55.1'
THOR (DM-2I)
----96"-.
i
/ \
THOR-AGENA B.
D-I
THC_ DM 21 - AGENA B
D-2
Characteristics of Thor/A_ena B Guidance System
The second stage (Agena B) airborne guidance and control system con-
strains the trajectory and vehicle attitude as required during the ascent
interval between separation from the first stage booster and injection into
orbit. Initial attitude references are established by orienting the firzt
stage booster during vernier to the desired attitude via radio steering
commamd_ and umcaging the Agema B gyros at vernier shut-off command. At tl-
tude reference during second stage flight is provided by open-loop torqu!z_
of the bod_-moumted high-performance Agena gyros. Vehicle pitch and yaw
attitude is controlled to the gyro reference by Agena engine swiveling
during thrust intervals and by gas reaction Jets during coast. Roll is
controlled by gas reaction Jets during both powered and unpowered flight.
•he Agena engine burns twice, separated by a coast period to produce the
velocity and altitude gains required. _arust duration for both burns, and
hence velocity gained, is controlled through acceleration integration.
Initiation of second burn is determined by ground co_mmmd.
D-3
-,-r ;'_,,0 h-,<:_) O_
v
v
aO
,,-I ,,',-I
i
U
-,'It
t_
0
,-I
I!
co
0
g_
r_
4,=
-i-4
,'-I
¢) _ I ,_-_,J'_
Footnotes:
(c) "Stage Burnout Weight (SBW)" equ_s the "Loaded Stage Weight"
less both the usable.propellant and the non-lmpulse expendables
8160 ib as above
232 ib adapter
18 ib retro-rockets
7 Ib destruct system
8417 Ib
D-5
5_
THOR DM21/AGENA B
Footnotes (Cont'd)
5_ ib
D_
o=
i
D-7
tl
i;
o
D-8
o o _. o I l
• o: _ __ _
I
,
o_ _
° ° i _°
D-9
'1
I0.
I
i i
*
t
r ; f
p
.......... !
.___1
i : I
i
g
, i/
,i I t
I
4_*_¸
............
i i I...............
i I' _, i It
I I
•_'1oooi -- (IV(YI_VcI
D-If
I
)
I- i i " i : I -__
• "_ I ' < i.........: ........... "-
....... :-
........... ._ ....
I
F
• i ,
'' _,
'
__ "_'_t l
I_.:
.... I _
'.--.-_
I
.....
:.......
.......
- --i j
_-_- '.--_._i
......
_--.i_-
I-
.......
i.....
1.......
i.........
I........ i......
_....,
.i
•
I
I
: i
.( i._.i_:+ i,_'
i _ • f -- _ .............
i
T .....
":! " .- ...........
I : : ...........
._i _ : .....
'
L
..............
, i........... -+i
: ,i i i
! I i,-.+ ' !
i , i ' L
9 , i T----"'---- +- --"'"" '_--
/
6
-
I ' t "
I
' i
,
+
"I
I
t
'
I
'
l
--
:-'
i I
' I
I ! ! i I ! /i I
..... ....... +
,, - , i / _, _ _ i _ s ' \ :
-- . I-! i_.:::- ......
"_L___/__2
___ --r --
l
. I :
: , + I + L L .......... :
I _,.....
.............................................................
" I : I ;
_ "
,• +
_ [
| -:
: I
I
I ,I
I i -7
" : I !. 1 ! i ! : :
...... i............ *_............ +' ............. I ' ................. I + ....... :
. , •
l . _ _ • ._ .... _
P , -I _
......... I...... 1
.::.,I.,. . .I t . . ! .../ t / i ;
i I _."I : :I `'_' . '+ ! '., .I , .] . ! .->+L i-
SEPARATION PLANE
INTERFACE
ATL
ATLAS-ASENA B
E-I
............... :f 0
P
E -2 _/!
Characteristics of Atlas-A_ena B Guidance S_stem
There are two salient periods of flight where the _ena an_ its
booster receive the severest loading. These are during _._e atmospheric portioz
of the trajectory near maximum _ (aerocl_c pressure) cad at booster burnout.
_e maximum _ condition gives rise to the highest be_i_,_, moments on the missil
while booster burnout gives the highest axial inertia fo, ce. The Agena B has
been primarily designed by booster burnout conditions, 1,,Lt in general the
l_moster becomes critical due to this flight condition before the Agena does.
a) •Maximum _ Condition
_'_ _
. • F
I
; i m
I i
Z
i
t t
it
tv
A_mS m_SD/AO_A 8¸
_tes:
6828 lbs
7192 ibs
E-5
6
.j
I.,
tV
!
i
Eo6 _'_
m
.I
J
9L
I
• I
i l:i:
I
J
i
I
9
5._
4_ I
:
3_.
1
2_
• " t
L
k,
I
'T
r
J
| r
J
I
_° , .
1
Z
j _
, I
i | _ ,
i
i • i
i " '
ATLAS/_-CENTAUR
F-I
5
C ._.AUR
GENERAL DESCRII_ION
The first stage of ATLAS/_- CENTAUR is a modified version of the ATLAS ICBM.
The stage is basically a Series D ATLAS, incorporating certain structural and
equipment modifications as dictated by the _CENTAUR second stage. Major differences
between a Series D ATLAS and the first stage of the ATLAS/_- CENTAUR are as follows:
(a) The forward conical section of the liquid oxygen tank has been
enlarged to a straight lO-foot diameter cylindrical section.
(C) The vehicle equipment pads have been modified to reflect electronic
changes and to reduce over-all weight.
(d) Some airborne systems have been removed. Others have been modified
to a_lapt their use to the CENTAUR application
For the 24 hr. equatorial orbit mission the Centaur guidance system performs
the following functions. During the Atlas booster phase, the vehicle pitch program
is generated by the Atlas autopilot; however, the guidance system monitors the
vehicle position and velocity and generates the booster staging discrete as a
function of vehicle acceleration. For the Atlas sustainer stage the guidance system
generates vehicle steering signs_Is which are used to orient the thrust vector so as
to reduce the position and velocity dispersions generated during the open-loop
booster stage. The sustalner engine cutoff co_nand is also given by the guidance
system. After separation of the Centaur stage from the Atlas booster, the Centaur
guidance system controls the vehicle during each of the succeeding three phases of
powered flight necessary to place the vehicle in its final orbit. The guidance
system provides steering and cutoff signals to the Centaur autopilot during the
powered phases of flight and also provides an attitude reference to the autopilot
prior to the second and third firings of Centaur in order that the vehicle will
assume the proper attitude prior to thrust initiation.
F-Z
TYPICAL FLI_IT SEQUENCE; ATLAS/_- CENTAUR
(3 Start Mission)
(3) At Beco (Booster engine cut-off) + 15 sec., tank insulation panels are Jetti-
soned; sustainer phase is flown at const, inertial attitude
(6) Atlas vernier solo phase; Seco (Sustainer engine cut-off)._Seco + 9.5 sec.
Centaur mBin engine prestart (chilldown) initiated at Seco
(_) Main engine cutoff; Centaur orientated "tail to sun" in parking orbit for
first coast period
(11) Approx. 300 sec. prior to second main engine start vehicle is re-oriented
with firing direction
F-3 J-'_
_'J.'Zlu RESTRAINTS
_J:UI-(AI_
The m=_-_,m permissible longitudinal and lateral acceleration factors are 7.0
a_i 1.0 g, respectively.
PERFORMANCE
For tr_ectory simulation, the flight profile from launch to parking orbit
ImJection is selectc_ by the use of a time dependent pitch program until booster
engine staging, sad an initial attitude and constant pitch rate during Centaur
firing to maximize burnout weight into the parking orbit. The factors which
constrain this flight profile are:
,-ll
4_
GROU_D RULES
SUPERSCRIPT EXP_OI_
(s) Includes 58 ibs. Centaur vented In_pellants, 170 Ibs. Jet oil,
(6) Ya_.lu_!es 37 ibs. Jett. oil, 417 ibs. Centaur Jet_. insulation,
(zo) For 24 hr. eqt. cir. orbit - includes 135 ibs. vented prop.
F_
m
.P,_I
,-!
,-104
kO e,'_
1
II
F-8
F -I0
_ oo._._.
_ o__oo, oooooo
.0 ;i .
°
---!=, n2"_..Z
_ _
1 _- --1-
ii!i
ii ii, i_;
_:r =,
.
J
.:k
- _
-!
+÷.
N ---'_
.. :_- _-_ _t _. i,i +i :i
ii" i'
,I i:1 ....
_._
_a
Fq 1,4-_
_,d i;l!
_- _2_ A- _-"
!.l
][
4_
.4--
I
rl
__- -L-d !i "
_,--_ -ff; --._---
i i _ ,.
4_- !I
ii !!
_ 22
:::I2:: _
=N=5
..,..,.
_'_ r--
!i _, ',d _i _ ;!! !!,
11 _ •
_'" !}
"--- r.t::
=_ ___._ _ 4...,...,
_=--
_ m
N---_
.-r N_ ,-- ..,_
... ._
-N_
.... ,4
_=_ -t-- _
g_
-__
_ • ;
-
iT
_-°
==eN
-7-
r_ "it* _-P
:" !?_
\
APOLLO A
UNIT
lNSTRUMENT
/
--- 220"--"
171'
125.8'
--257"-
I
SATURN C-I
G-I __ o
SATURN C-i
Payloads for both 7 and 8 engine first stage operations are presented
to show the effects of first stage englne-out on w_x_ payloads. All
payloads presented are for trajectories which include S% velocity flight
propellant reserve.
G-2
VEHICLE GUIDANCE SYSTS_ - SALIENT FEATURES
given vehicle to fly and then devlsing a guidance system to hold this
\
trajectory the PA/PM scheme will continual_ determine the new optimum
trajectory from on-board sending elements. _is will then allow the
G-3 °
SATURN C-I
90,000
(a) S_T e _ry weight with Z_
S-I/S IV Interstage section 1,850
First stage retro rockets 3,000
(d) Reserve for mixture ratio shift 5,100
(e) Trapped propellants 10,699
(f) _rapped pressurants ,17o
114,819
Ca) 114,819
(b) Second stage chill-down and
vented gases 357
552
l_I Fuel for propellants
Trapped lubrication expended.
319
(e) Usable pressura_ts 1,68
117,730
l:I stage _ wt
Reserve for mixture ratio shift
11,700
5oo
(c) Residuals hSZ
Instrument unit
682
(_) 2n_ stage (SBW) + Jettisonables
(a) SBW
(b) Helium heater propellants
(c) Lost propellants during
SEP/start
G-5
,,,,,,-I
i
(,)
....................................... ...,r ........................... ]Lilt I "" ........... ''''_ ...... _-- . .................... _:
i
_oo _,__
i _? °" g
0 t'- _
r,-
|, ,,
b-
4=
e_
_e
G-?
_7
i
.... i'l
lii ! i_ ! _:
I i] "
Ii' _ ii ii
' ii
Iitl
Ii[i
[ll]l
i: ;, ii'i_, i
_ .... i:ili 1
:i!i il :: ' .... ii!i', :
• ii
ii i ii
i i [ ] i [ I i
,, ilii !
:!ii _; il
i _ --_---i--- ::;: ii ii
iii!_iiL '_''' i
i!,i ,i i, _i]i;;
'ii';,!l ii:il
_4
i il i! i_
.:,t
• _i I, !' i !
;i!i!: ,ii_ t
-,_.
I]_1 i,,,rt,Tltl,,,f
III
.., +.;°..
.-1 ° * _ I'+-
• +F :+__t+_
°°+ ....
ii .......
I I [ I [ 11111[ I
rt'rr
iii.
_!!i!
_+4J-
+
m
N
N
.... °.._,
.... ° .... ,
. +° .....
---.r.: .....
.., ....
:--:'I:::: i;+;i
[|[ i
*-°_°
:lI[.
]lit
iii'.E!E
2y°°*o**.
---I0'----
63.9'
l
ATLAS XSM-65E
H-I
.ATLAS E/ALWASS CONYIg0RA_ION
that could be used for low eerth orbits. It utilizes the Centaur
sketch is presented.
.0
, .I_ I-
II
O'x
0 ,,..t,
_5
I-I
:_, ._
0 "d -
•_-i. _ _
,. un
_-3 "7"
_o" GI
AA
r-I OJ "--_-"
,-I O_l VV
oJI
I" e.i
'el
•_ 0 _
"2,
I)
0
I-t
.... _ _ _
i
0
o °I
,_ ..4
I
!,,
H-6 ?.7
,.:-:_ -__-:_
!_]iL_;'i]}]i
:--;:'b;:'!;>--J÷:--
E_iii":='-:: !i
., :".,:::: .._-, .... _.... t..-
ii :.._'.t::;: .:::'--:4
......... :- -::_
......... !t!;iit_i!,
L:_:; : ............ _.... * .... *--_
p--,I .... ! ........ ' .... o.... ' .....
DO' --95"-
STAGE
SEPARATION
86.6'
.---120"--
TITAN 1
I-I
TITAN VEHICLE DATA
I GE_mAL
The Titan data presented herein is for SM-68 and XSM-68B. The
ter_ SM-68, Titan I, a_ Titan A are used interchangeably as are the terms
Titan B, Titan II and XSM-68B.
I-2
TABLE I
STAGE CHARACTERISTICS
i I ' "
| I
NOTES:
I. Total weight of vehicle at lift-off and at ignition of succeeding powered pha_es
less payload.
2. First stage loaded weight does not include 3964 Ibs start and ground '- _ "
stage weights do not include propellant weight expended without impulse credit
durin_ first stage..
3. secon_ stage propel-an_ weight includes 4_ ibs. c_ start propellant.
4. 134 lbs. of lox is bled through the 2nd stage gas turbines during Ssage I f_igh_o
VerniersSta_e
before are K
ig_ted
urnoutprior to Stage I burnout and consume 132 lbs. of prop_i _an_
5. Weights je_tisone_ are as follows:
Time (Ref. lift-off) (sec) Event Jettisoned Weight (ib'?
18
4_
:0
_ M ! =t" I _0 q.l
w _ I I
I
q.-I 0
I
i
0,1=11_i
H m
r-." 0 ,--I]
_0
el ! I
O
_0 t"-cO
v vv
, i i
i
O4-_ .,-I-
rlg 4-_
! , 4-_ 0
d
,I
I !
=.
? _-_.._ .
¢'x,-I ,-,I_i Od
_ et
_ F2
_ I.,-I ,1_ p, x.O g-_ 0,-.I _ _'_ r_
,-I II)
_.I._ __
8
_ I==II.-=11.==I
I==_r,,_
"_ _1"_ _ t/_l
N.-.----..-..-.
__ °_ dl#.
•
01_ /_
_ b.--I I_
_1_
0
04_E-I O,-IOJ nq_" u"x
_i_c_ SM-68
TABLE III
. i
Second Stage
+ 3500 lb + 375 ib
i
For any given configuration at staging time and for any given staging
method, permissible combinations of dynamic pressure (q) and angle of
attack (_ may be determined. The nominal trajectory must be such that qo(
limits are not exceeaea when the effects of trajectory dispersions are
considered, i
Permissible
values of (q_)max for space applications depend on
the upper stage configuration. Total bending loads m_st be calculated
for each specific application (aerodynamic moments and engine thrust moments)
and superimposed on axial loads at each missile station to determine structural
integrity.
1-7
(d) Radio Guida,uce
1.8
?
i. Description
Relative (i sec.
m ot ng) 2 rail .03 rail .03 rail
MaxinnunTracking rates.
I-9
Parabolic reflector
Size 94 3/8 inches diameter
Bean_ridth 1 degree one waY, -3 decibel level
Gain decibel
Receiver.
Data Output.
Con_cations to Missile.
I-i0
_he airborne transmitter operates in the x-band at a peak power
of 3 KW. The receiver has a threshold of -60 dhm. The airborne system
uses two flush mounted slot antennas. The dorsal antenna, used at long
range, has a gain of 20 _b; the ventral antenna has a gain of 0 db. The
airborne system weighs 150 ibs. and draws 220 watts of power.
2. Flight Operation
3. Performance
Position will be known with + 300 ft. Guiding below a 3° elevation angle
is not recommended.
1-11
IV PERFORMANCE CAPABILITY
Tables IV an_ V present the configuration data and the ground rules
applicable to the performance summary curves. Some slight differences
exist with the nominal configuration data quoted earlier in this document.
Fluctuation of basic design estimates as well as variations in ground
rules are responsible for these differences. Performance quoted is on a
nominal basis.
TABLE IV
CONFIGURATION DATA USED FOR PERFORMANCE STUDIES
TITAN A
Powered Flight Phase
1-12
TABLE V
CuROUMD RULES FaR PERFOrmANCE S_TDIES
i0. ¸ Instantaneous tilt of the relative wind velocity vector and the
total thrust vector at 20 seconds.
1-13
!
!
O_ _
m _
•,__ _
o,'_®
,,,,4
I/
_o_
0_
_o
,_0
_ II
°°
1-14
k_
• •
°o
i
o.
• •
19.2'
STAGE
SEPARATION
89,2'
"- 120"
TITAN.
TABLE I
TITAN II or B, VEHICLE DESIGNATION SM-68B
STAGE CHARACTERISTICS
5.
(b) Oxidizer Weight
Propellant Weight (Residual)
(a) Usable Contingency 28
---
0 ,
2O
NO_:
o First stage loaded weight does not include 13_3 lbs. start and ground losses,
secona stage start propellant contained in 99 lbs. consumed during separation
phase.
• i
_ 0
Q;
0
u_ _Q
_O!o_Oo
_ -_ o _ 0
0 0
.I.m
¢} 0
0"_
• _ _i"_l,-_
_ _ --
=to._ 0
TABLE III
TOLEPmNCES SM-68B
_t ÷ 3.o_
" (va:uum)
Specific Impulse
Propellant Loading
II II
l I
_e comments of Section II c
I
on TitanA apply to Titan Bwith the o_
exception that the a_ceptable(q_ )_,v for the IC_M nominal trajectory is
about 8500 ib-deg/ft for the Titan_-Tlown through the 1959 Sissenwine wind
profile.
J-5
Ill GUIDANCE SYST_4 DESCRIPTION-FCR TIT3N B
i. Description
Range 13 g 5,
Bias +6 (io" ; g
Scale Factor "i_ ft/sec/pulse - digital output
..Non linearit_j + .0o6_
Aligmmen_ Accuracy •003 rs_an before compensation
" .18 (i0-_) radlan after compensati¢
Cross Coupling 4
_hreshold 2 (lO-5)g
Dynamic lag .2 rt/sec/g
c. Gimbal Characteristics
Free_ of Motion _e
w
do Platform
,I-6
e. Computer. General Purpose, Magnetic Drum, Welded Module,
Digital.
3. Co_uter output - Pitch, yaw and roll steering signals are issued
as digital steps 20 times/sec. 32 steps of missile attitude error between 0
an_5.45 degrees can be issued to the control system. Twelve discrete commands
are available.
2. _stem O_eration
The platform is aligned on the padto the azimuth and vertical reference.
Shortly after liftoff the inertial system rolla the mlssil_at rataa up to
12 deg/sec to the required flight azimuth. _roll azimuth is + 115 degrees
After the roll program is completed, a pitch program is initiated. Open loop •
steering then continues until after maximum q. During this period the computer
Is continuously calculating velocity to be gained (VE) from accelerometer inputs.
When dynamic pressures drop to a sufficiently low level, closed loop Vg steering
is initiated and continues until vernier cutoff. When velocity to be gained
approaches a small value, the guidance system orders sust_ainer cutoff. Both pitt
_ yaw steering are performed during the short vernier period. When Vg reaches
:ero, the guidance system cuts off the vernier engine.
3. Performance
J'? /,07
Flight Path velocity error - 1 ft/sec
Flight Path angle error - 1 roll,
Cross Range velocity error - 2 ft/sec
Position error - 200 ft
j..8
,|
IV PERFORMANCE CAPABILITY
TARLE IV
CONFIGURATION DATA USED FOR PERFORMANCE STUDIES
TITAN B
Powered Flight Phase
I00,O00 1550
Effective Specific
Immase (sec) 0
Thrust Gradient
(Ib/_s±)
Duration of Phase (sec)
Diameter (in)
I
TABLE V
GROUND RULES FOR PERFORMANCE STUDIES
_I_°_i_ • O .I-?
° ._
!_°_.
-i i
j.l.0
/L
!!i
+:r c-.x--_:÷- :F;I i{i ''"
:.ra4 ._-:. : f !iZ}t :i_
F?I i i : i ! i
: : ! _ i
!:!# ;.
-- f.a-- ;-:;-
r i y ; ! It
_.i!i :! l '
: ¢ t-_'-
i
i fil .i-.t:i_!
"1 ° !
•!-._t:+ '.-:- I ; ;
i-: { i i Fi..:"!-
'-)
:: , r : >
:::+P2 r- -
p • " •
;-7I t.... : !--t " "_'+ T'; "t-+-.-.i-, "_!_ ' I" '-" T "
,
7"_2 : Z .......
, , : :
r
L _',.... i . i-_ ..-i-.,_-+_. I , .....
.._ . _: : ....
-:T-_+-7-t-r-_
_--
• _;-Tq :! f i.: ' : : : t : : :-
:.,_..a t :-_.,
....... t ,-
!_-{;_ #:7..
_a<I
7::'"::{
..........
% I-"l
, .l-..-, -
.. :_..I" :.i-:.:
:.F:- : i-_--7
:-_-,_,,,_-.-_:-
....... I r • : I
". : : ::
I " " r ; . : :
".: : . : : : : " : : : .
f
! : , , : _ ' . ; • .
.__ :. __ .
: : £ . + : +
I
: : .....
! : C"-"
71: t
: '
_T- ---- i
i
Z..___ _. __
i !,i-_:i /i:_: i i
I
....
lw 5 "
i.'i! "_'_ i'_
L i - :
:if f[-#i !!!
, .41 • i
!:i:
]i. ii _;;!::;.:!ii:i' ¸:'
t-t-Tt
cF_- :.¢.:L_:r
i
::"-':!:!::!:!!-i
-: ITE.," PL/.
:-i'::F:::r: :1:.: t;/1 ' "'_- ;- .:.:S.-
.... -'_ _.i:i
-]:.t :_:i- I .:. +-;-.. L!i!
-:. ;L;..l : T:IG:i-
_
I
ii
. . 1
.!:.i: ..:..
iii iiit
i;i I I t I I I t iiii +4 t kttH _-
_. ,,,'
-?i'I['_i . l L •
: )
L!i- i_ i'-
}.! ! .!.!-_.
!
_-'_.-: :.
_ i _ ".. _ ; i i I _ ; ! [
_ii i;iill;;),
[
i _;
!
;_' '[
i !
i
i
-÷ i !._
!"÷
i i-i-
d " .- i
:-:-+ i,,
....... ,r-" _}_!f!!-i
- I i 4
::Li . --! " t : i
:-:.:_ ": : : .
:'._ "..2..
:-:_-:-.-:-. ___..
:!--:-:-_-:.::-. :
-: Lr.l ....... I
- •; " • I t "-
-_" "T.... 1
.+....., t i:iz
-T" p'T"
T ; ,
-!!
:i
:-] i-:i
---.]
"_ -_ "_, _ !:: : i
........
(
:t! ,,_,
/\
SO N 4,-----
117.8'
-120" --
87.9"
K-I
This vehicle has been studied by Lockheed Aircraft Company. Though not
currently under development, performance estimates are presented.
The Titan ascent trajectory used is similar to that of the Atlas until
first stage separation. However, after ignition of the second stage, the traJector_
consists of a phase of constant attitude rate in inertial space rather than a consts
attitude path in local space. _his continues throughout the remainder of the boo, t-
and Agena phase of powered flight, again resulting in the velocity vector aligned
with the local horizontal at the end of the Agena first burn.
MISSION PAYLOAD
TyPical l_ar soft landlmg trajectories can vary in trip time from about _0 to 90
hours, bey vary in departure velocity by several hundred ft/sec, and the retro-
velocity prior to touchdown varies from about 7,600 to 9,000 ft/sec.
be trajectory chosen consists of departure from a parking orbit with i00 ft/sec
less than escape velocity. After a trip duration of 66 hours, 8,600 ft/sec (includl
i00 ft/sec assumed for midcourse correction) retro-velocity is required for a direct
impact soft landing with a relative velocity of less than 50 ft/sec.
The total weight at departure from the parking orbit equals 3,770 lb. If no weight
is dropped, then the total weight at the lunar surface equals 1,605 lh_ of which a
maximmm of 150 lb. can be considered instrument payload. If, however, some weight
can be Jettisoned prior to the application of the 8,600 ft/sec retro-velocity, a
considerably highe T payload may result. As an example, dropping 945 lb. consisting
of structures, propulsion system, tanks ami trapped propellmm_s, and assuming a
separate engine and tanks weighing 350 lbs., the instrument payload on the moon
will be about 250 lbs. A detailed mission analysis is necessary to determine what
the optlnnun conditions for achieving maximum payloads will be.
K-2
Titan SM68B/Agema B Mod-I Guidance System
_e A.C Spaxk Plug inertial guidance system is used for Titan SM68B.
The Agena B Mod-I vehicle may be made _s strong as necessary for general
requirements. In all cases the strength of the Agema B Mod-I will be
such that the booster strength will be critical before the Agena structure
becomes critical. This may be considered to be the design criteria on
Atlas boosted missions. For other boosters such as Titan B, this criteria
ms_ have to be modified for the sake of payload capability.
The present design limits for the SM68B are q = 710 lb/ft 2 andS= 11.8
degrees. Analysis with Agena weights up to 27,000 lbs. indicate that the
Stage II between-tanks section is critical when aerodynamic heating is
also considered. This section must also be strengthened to satisfy Stage_
burnout condition loads. Modification to the Stage I fuel tank structure
and the Stage II forward skirt structure is also indicated.
I-I;
-,,qlm.==_
TITAN SM_B/AGENA B-MOD I
Footnotes:
(a) (b) (c) (d) (See _hor I_4 21/Agena B footnote sectlon)
i. Does not include item 5a.
e
Includes %he following items:
5,288 ib structure
3,700 ib propulsion
219 Ib guidance and control
l141b electrical system
217 ib telemetering and range safety
Ib miscellaneous
It_l 7 Ib see footnote 3-
-- 11,097 ib
trapped propellant
fuel bias for mixture ratio shift (=17% of items 4 plus 5_
3 lb
K-5
Footnotes (Cont.)
TITAN SM6_AGENA B-MOD I
z,_3P lb structure
1,505 1_ propulsion
guidance and control
231 lb electrical system
331 i_ telemetering and ra_e safety
771b _lscellaneous
2621b see footnote 8.
5,7_7 lb
5,727 ib as above
470 lb adapter and attachments
i_ ib destruct system
I!
If
l,
|
lJ
L.--
8_
4m
3m
/t,-/
,.-,'
-i
/.i
t
i
i i
• i
i
; ...... I .
4
I
!
TIT_ - CENTAUR
L-1
#
........ _" '_ r--_--" r ..... _ .........
TABLE I
6. Full impulse credit for start and shutdown propellant in Titan stages
except for first sta_e start propellant
9. Instantaneous tilt of the relative wind velocity vector and the total
thrust vector at 20 seconds
Ii. Constant inertial thrust attitude rate from 140 seconds to end of first
--C-ent_ur p_ere_ phase
13. Guidance and solo vernier systems were not carried on the Titan stages
L-2
TABLEII
TITAN A - CENTAUR
NCMINAL CONDITIONS
120 i,
-_o2_.8 0 0 O_
(l) Includes Lox-bleed rate of 0,366 ib/sec i_ second stage tanks through
APDA. unlt
(2) Includes
p
APDA bleed
I,-3
TABLE III
TITAN B - CE_aAD'R
_MIa&L CONDITIONS
31T.46 71.6
5,791
120
,//q
PAYLOAD WEIGET
roseun_cH POLAR LALq_CH
FROM' :._MR FROM PMR
TITAN A T_AN B TIT2_N A TITAN B
MISSION
i | nl el i i i
50 n mi Circular Orbit
by Direct Injection 8825 13,77.5 7255 - ll, 475
Energy Venus
- _I_ by Direct In_ection i_6_.. 3,.k2_ 93_ .2_655
L-5
°i r
iz x
d
d
b
a.1