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Seja:
Assim:
i
i
R + L p + j Ψ mSR p + j Ψ i
vS+ S S
= S+ (8.6)
0 m p + j Ψ− j θ i
i i i i
SR R R + LR p + j Ψ− j θ R +
140 CAPÍTULO 8. ESTUDO ANALÍTICO DE ALGUNS TRANSITÓRIOS ELÉTRICOS DO MOTOR DE INDUÇÃO
i
Como o motor encontra-se em repouso θ = 0. Colocando-se o referencial no
i
estator tem-se Ψ = 0.
Assim:
iS iR
+ +
vS mSR
+
Fig. 8.1 – Circuito eqüivalente para o motor de indução com operação balanceada.
Seja:
como AS e AR são muito menores que mSR, a presença desta última indutância será
RS AS AR RR
iS
+
vS
+
Seja:
R = RS + R R (8.9)
A = AS + AR (8.10)
Assim:
vS+ ( s ) 1
iS+ ( s ) = (8.12)
A R
s +
A
vS+ =
1
(
vS + jvSβ
2 α
) (8.13)
3
vS+ = vS ( cos ( ωt ) + jsen ( ωt ) ) (8.14)
2
Assim:
3
vS+ = vS e jωt (8.15)
2
Assim:
3 vS
vS+ ( s ) = (8.16)
2 s − jω
3 vS 1
iS+ ( s ) = (8.17)
( s − jω) s +
2 A R
A
3 1 jωt − RA t
iS+ ( t ) = vS e −e (8.18)
2 ( R + jωA )
onde
ωA
φ0 = tan −1 (8.20)
R
Assim:
3 vS j( ωt −φ0 ) − RA t − jφ0
iS+ ( t ) = e −e (8.21)
2 R 2 + ω2 A 2
Assim:
vS R
− t
iSd ( t ) = 3 cos ( ωt − φ0 ) − e A
cos ( φ0 ) (8.23)
R 2 + ω2 A 2
mas,
3
iSd = iS (8.24)
2 1
Assim:
2vS R
− t
iS1 ( t ) = cos ( ωt − φ0 ) − e cos ( φ0 )
A
(8.25)
R +ω A
2 2 2
iS
1
R S + R R ≅ 2,0Ω
(8.26)
XA S + XA R ≅ 4,0Ω
Assim:
A S + A R = A = 10,6mH (8.27)
Assim:
A 10,6
τe = = = 5,3ms (8.28)
R 2,0
a) modelos básicos:
i 1 (t)
i 2 (t)
MOTOR
i 3 (t)
R S + pLS pmSR
vS+ iS
0 = + (8.30)
m p − jn θ
i
i
i
SR R R + LR p − jn θ R +
i
Durante o curto tem-se n θ = ωm . Assim o modelo adquire a forma de expressão
(8.31).
pLS pmSR
0 i
0 = S+ (8.31)
m p − jn θi i
i
SR R R + LR p − jn θ R +
Seja:
Portanto:
iS+ ( s )
−1
sLS smSR φS0+
= (8.37)
iR + ( s ) mSR ( s − jωm ) R R + LR ( s − jωm ) φR0+
(8.38).
RR mSR
L + ( s − jωm ) φS0+ − s L φR0+
iS+ ( s ) = R R
(8.38)
L m
2
s S R R + LS − SR ( s − jωm ) s
LR LR
2
' mSR
LS = LS − (8.39)
LR
Assim:
RR mSR
L + ( s − jωm ) φS0+ − s L φR0+
iS+ ( s ) = R R
(8.40)
L
s S R R + LS ( s − jωm ) s
'
LR
Para uma máquina ideal na qual não houvesse resistência, a energia inicial
acumulada no campo magnético não seria convertida em calor. Assim as correntes de
curto–circuito seriam senoidais, com valores de pico invariáveis ao longo do tempo.
mSR
( s − jωm ) φS −s φR
0+
LR 0+
iS+ ( s ) = (8.41)
LS ( s − jωm ) s
'
1 mSR
iS+ ( t ) = φS0+ − φR0+ e jωm t (8.44)
LS
'
LR
ωR = ωS − ωm (8.46)
( R R + jLR ωR ) vS
iS0+ = 0+
(8.48)
( R R + jLR ωR )( RS + jωSLS ) + ωSωR mSR 2
− jmSR ωR vS0+
i R 0+ = (8.49)
( R R + jL R ωR )( R S + jωSLS ) + ωSωR mSR 2
φS0+ =
(L (R
S R )
+ jLR ωR ) − jmSR ωR vS0+
2
(8.50)
( R R + jLR ωR )( RS + jωSLS ) + ωSωR mSR 2
φR0+ =
(m (R
SR R + jLR ωR ) − jLR mSR ωR ) vS0+
(8.51)
( R R + jLR ωR )( RS + jωSLS ) + ωSωR mSR 2
3 jωSt
vS+ = vSe (8.52)
2
Para t = 0, tem-se:
3
vS+ = vS (8.53)
2
1) ωR ≅ 0
2) RS ≅ 0
3 vS
φS0+ = (8.54)
2 jωS
3 mSR vS
φR0+ = (8.55)
2 jωSLS
Assim:
3 vS − j π2
φS0+ = e (8.56)
2 ωS
3 mSR vS − j π2
φR0+ = e (8.57)
2 ωSLS
3 vS − j π2 mSR j ωm t − 2
2 π
iS+ ( t ) = e − e (8.58)
2 ωSLS' LSLR
(
iSd ( t ) = 2 Re iS+ ( t ) ) (8.59)
Assim:
2
vS mSR
iSd ( t ) = − 3 sen ( ωm t ) (8.60)
ωSLS LSLR
'
2
iS1 = iS (8.61)
3 d
Assim:
2
vS mSR
iS1 ( t ) = − 2 sen ( ωm t ) (8.62)
XS LSLR
'
onde:
' '
X S = ωS LS ⇒ reatância transitória.
'
LS ⇒ indutância transitória.
(b) o pico da corrente de curto circuito é limitado pela reatância transitória do motor.
RR mSR
L + ( s − jωm ) φS0+ − s L φR0+
iS+ ( s ) = R R
(8.63)
LS
R R + LS ( s − jωm ) s
'
s
LR
' R L
∆ = sLS s − jωm + R S' (8.64)
LR LS
Seja:
'
L L
ζ = S R
'
(8.65)
LS R R
Assim:
' 1
∆ = sLS s − jωm − ' (8.66)
ζ
RR mSR
L + ( s − jωm ) φS0+ − s L φR0+
iS+ ( s ) = R R
(8.67)
' 1
sLS s − jωm − '
ζ
3 vS − j π2
φS0+ = e (8.68)
2 ωS
3 mSR vS − j π2
φR0+ = e (8.69)
2 ωSLS
mSR 2 RR
s 1 − − jωm +
iS+ ( s ) =
3 vS − j π2
e LR LS LR
(8.70)
2 ωSLS' 1
s s − jωm − '
ζ
Como:
2
mSR
=1 (8.71)
LR LS
Assim:
RR
−j
π
− jωm
3 vSe 2
LR
iS+ ( s ) = (8.72)
2 XS' 1
s s − jωm − '
ζ
Seja:
RR
− jωm
LR A B
= + (8.73)
1 s 1
s s − jωm − ' s − jωm − '
ζ ζ
Assim:
RR RR
− jωm − jωm
LR LR
A= = (8.74)
1 LS R R
− jωm − jωm
ζ '
LS LR
'
RR
− jωm
LR
B= = −A (8.75)
1
jωm − '
ζ
RR
−j
π
− jωm
3 vSe 2
LR 1 − 1
iS+ ( s ) = (8.77)
2 XS' LS R R s 1
− jωm s − jωm − ζ'
LS LR
'
mas,
RR
− jωm
LR
≅1 (8.78)
LS R R
− jωm
LS LR
'
Assim:
π
−j
3 vSe 2
1 − 1
iS+ ( s ) = (8.79)
2 XS' s 1
s − jωm − ζ'
π
3 vSe 2
−j
jωm − ' t
1
iS+ ( t ) = 1 − e ζ (8.80)
2 XS'
3 vS − j π2 j ωm − 2 t − ζ' t
π 1
iS+ ( t ) = e − e e (8.81)
2 XS'
como:
obtém-se:
1
− 't
v
iSd ( t ) = 3 S ' sen ( ωm t ) e ζ (8.83)
XS
1
v − 't
iS1 ( t ) = 2 S ' e ζ sen ( ωm t ) (8.84)
XS
2 Vs
Xs
2 i s (0)
1 0
sζ
2π
ωs
2π
ωm
'
LS LR
ζ' = (8.85)
LS R R
LR
ζR = (8.86)
RR
Assim:
'
L
ζ = ζR S
'
(8.87)
LS
RR LS
iS
1
vS
1
afirmar que:
'
L
ζ = S
'
(8.88)
RR
2
mSR
L'S = LS − (8.89)
LR
mas:
LS = A S + amSR (8.90)
A R + amSR
LR = (8.91)
a2
onde:
Assim:
2
a 2 mSR
L'S = A S + amSR − (8.92)
A R + amSR
2 2
a 2ωS mSR
ωSL'S = ωSA S + aωSmSR − (8.93)
ωSA R + ωSamSR
Assim:
2
xm
XS' = xS + x m − (8.94)
xR + xm
xS = 1Ω
xR = 1Ω
xm = 100Ω
Assim:
XS' =1Ω
R S + pLS pmSR
vS+ iS
0 = + (8.95)
m p − jn θ
i
i
i
SR R R + LR p − jn θ R +
Assim:
i R0+
iR+ ( s ) = (8.99)
R
s + R − jωm
LR
R
− R − jωm t
iR + ( t ) = iR0+ e LR
(8.100)
d − jωm t
RR
−
vS+ = mSR iR0+ e R
L
(8.101)
dt
Assim:
R
R − Rt
LR
vS+ = mSR jωm − R i
R0+ e e jωm t (8.102)
LR
− jmSR ωR vS0+
i R 0+ = (8.103)
( R R + jL R ωR )( R S + jωSLS ) + ωSωR mSR 2
3
vS0+ = vS (8.104)
2
Assim:
3 − jmSR ωR vS
i R 0+ = (8.105)
2 ( R R + jL R ωR )( R S + jωS LS ) + ωSωR mSR 2
Vamos tomar:
ωR ≅ 0 e RS ≅ 0
Assim:
3 mSR ωR vS
i R 0+ = - (8.106)
2 R R ωS LS
R
3 vS mSR ωR R R − LRR t jωm t
2
vS+ ( t ) = − jωm e e (8.107)
2 ωSLS R R LR
ou
2 R
3 vS mSR ωR − Rt
vS+ ( t ) = ( R R − jωm LR ) e LR e jωmt (8.108)
2 ωSLS R R LR
LR
ζR = ⇒ constante de tempo de circuito aberto.
RR
2 2 2
R R − jωm LR = R R + ωm LR e− jθR (8.109)
ω L
θR = tg −1 m R (8.110)
RR
Assim:
2 t
3 vS mSR ωR
{ }
−
vS+ ( t ) = R R + ωm LR e ζR e ( m R )
2 2 2 j ω t −θ
(8.111)
2 ωSLS R R LR
2
mSR
≈1 (8.112)
LR LS
Assim:
( )
t
3 ωR −
vS+ ( t ) = vS 1 + ωm 2ζ R 2 e ζR
cos ( ωm t − θR ) (8.113)
2 ωS