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rnstrumentation System
Description
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iB/5INSTLIUYYL-A
SY5TEM DTSCRISTIOLI
-
(5-XU-1-02 T H R O U G H Z U i j / i U 1 T H P O U C ~5031
T e c h n i c a l flanuai 1[ i nJun.
t e r n a1966
t i o n a1l 3B8 u s i n e s s
-- 00
MSFC No. llld-509-1
IBM No. 65-966-0021
TECHNICAL MANUAL
N A S 8-14000
by
Huntsville, Alabama
1 June 1966
90 Blank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Original
91 thru 93 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Original
94 Blank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Original
95 thru 99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Original
100 Blank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Original
101 thru 107 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Original
108 Blank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Original
109 thru 111 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Original
112 Blank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Original
113 ................. Original
114 Blank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Original
Symbolsyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Original
Symbols-2 Blank .......... Original
Glossary - 1 thru 2 . . . . . . . . . . Original
Index-1 thru 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . Original
<, 5 s .
PREFACE
This manual provides complete system-level description of the Instrumentation System
(measurements and telemetry) for. the Saturn Launch Vehicle Instrument Unit, This manual is
intended to be used for Instrumentation System familiarization a s well a s a detailed training
and'reference document.
Information in this manual will help support detailed trouble-shooting of the system
during launch checkout but will not support trouble-shooting of malfunctioning components.
For more detailed information refer to the documents in the List of Related Documents.
Section I of this manual gives the general concept of instrumentation as used by the
Instrument Unit. The purpose and general function of the system a r e explained with emphasis
on the fundamental electronic and mechanical techniques used to obtain the desired results.
This section is oriented to personnel with little o r no familiarity with basic instrumentation.
Section I11 shows how the separate components function together to form the Instrumen-
tation System. The various airborne and launch complex functional loops a r e explained
without going to the level of component detail given in Section 11. Emphasis is placed on the
relationship between the launch vehicle and launch complex components. This section will
enable technical personnel to understand how the system accomplishes i t s role in the overall
mission.
This edition contains information covering Saturn IB Launch Vehicles 202 through 204,
Saturn V Launch Vehicles 501 through 503, and Launch Complexes 34, 37, and 39. Informa-
tion for subsequent vehicles will be added. As this is not a historical document, information
covering expended vehicles will be deleted a s convenience dictates.
The following symbols a r e used in this technical manual to denote differences between
IU Instrumentation System configurations:
Apollo-Saturn Emergency
Detection System Description 66-966-0010 111-5-509-6 I March 1966
Number Title
CONTENTS
Section Page Section
CONTENTS (Cont)
ILLUSTRATIONS
Number Title Page Number Title Page
CONTENTS (Cont)
3-9 Measurement Routing Paths Functional 3-13 Telemetry R F Signal and DDAS 600 kHz
Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Signal Flow Control Functional
3-10 Saturn IB Stage Measurement Selection
Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
3-14 Typical Instrumentation System to
Functional Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . .101 Launch Computer Complex. . . . . . . . 105
3- 15 Computer Data Transfer Functional
3-11 Saturn V Stage Measurement Selection
Functional Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . .102 Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
3- 16 Command and Communication System
3-12 DDAS Measurement Transfer Interface Functional Diagram . . . . . . 109
Functional Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . .103 3-17 PCM Channel Identification Chart . . . . 113
TABLES
SECTION I
SYSTEM INTRODUCTION
1-1 PURPOSE OF SYSTEM vehicle status. Information sent through the DDAS
can be recorded for future use.
The Instrument Unit Instrumentation System The ground receiving stations receive the
is provided to monitor conditions and events aboard radiated signals from the launch vehicle and decode
the launch vehicle and furnish this information to the signals to regain the individual conditions or
ground receiving stations (see Figure 1-1). The events being monitored. This information is visually
ground stations use this information (1) prior to displayed to assist in determination of launch ve-
launch to assist in checkout of the launch vehicle, hicle status.
(2) during flight for immediate determination of
To achieve the particular purpose of each
launch vehicle condition, and (3) after flight a s a
Apollo/Saturn Vehicle, there a r e variations in the
scientific record.
IU Instrumentation System. These variations depend
on the mission plan and flight test requirements of
All major components for the system a r e
located in the Instrument Unit. Most of the major the launch vehicle. As new Instrumentation System
components a r e mounted on Thermal Conditioning components become proven, redundancy in later
Panels and make use of the Environmental Control launch vehicles will be decreased. As confidence
System. The only system components not located in in the overall launch vehicle increases, instrumen-
the Instrument Unit a r e some transducers used for tation requirements decrease. In general, a s the
monitoring other portions of the launch vehicle. Apollo/Saturn Vehicle progresses from the develop-
ment phase to the operational phase, the amount of
Monitored information from the launch ve- measurements taken and the number of Instrumen-
hicle is sent to checkout equipment at Kennedy Space tation System components will decrease. This sec-
Center as well a s a world-wide network of monitor- tion will not detail the different configurations of the
ing stations. Prior to launch, the information is Instrumentation Systems for each Instrument Unit.
radiated to ground receiving stations at KSC for
1-2 GENERAL FUNCTION OF SYSTEM
checkout of the Instrumentation System. Some of
the information is also sent through wiring to the The on-board Instrumentation System consists
launch site electrical support equipment for record- of the equipment needed to sense vehicle conditions
ing, visual display, and for use in automatic check- (measurements) and transmit this information
out of the launch vehicle. During flight, the informa- (telemetry) from the launch vehicle. Figure 1-2
tion is radiated to a world-wide network of monitor- shows typical data flow through the Instrumentation
ing stations that use the data for immediate deter- System. Data flow is through the following functional
mination of launch vehicle status. stages:
Instrumentation
LAUNCH VEHICLE
IBM C-B
RF EQUIPMENT
Instrumentation System
Section I
---------rl Y",,
2 Vdc
3 Vdc
Low-
Frequency
Measurements 0.5 Vdc
4 Vdc
ANALOG MULTIPLEXING
High-
Frequency
Measurements
SLOW-SPEED MULTIPLEXING
.r
h
28 Vdc
28 Vdc
L
L
DISCRETE MULTIPLEXING
Measurements
DIGITAL MULTIPLEXING
IBM C-B
High response .......... Up to 1000 Hz the input signal. The outputs of several fixed bands
Very high response .... .. . 30 Hz to 3000 Hz a r e mixed and sent to the input of an FM transmitter.
----------1
G u E N c Y MODULATOR
I Is Frequency B a n i .
Low and
I Composite
Frequencies
Medium { I )FM Transmitter
Frequency
lnputs
I
I
I
I
--------%--
X
' L J
I
p - - - - -
[
Composite
Very High I Frequencies
Frequency w FM Transmitter
lnputs I
I
I
I
I
p-----------
1
PULSE CODE MODULATOR
I
28 Vdc
+ I
{ I
28 Vdc
Discrete lnputs w
Digital Inputs
0 Vdc
IU-U-L
-n.nL
*
b
Integrator
II . F M Transmitfer
nruL F I
rn )
I
L- --
PAM Inputs
1
. IBM C
causes the tape recorder to play the recording into FM modulation and furnish an output to the rf equip-
the two FM/FM transmitters. Retro-rocket fire ment. The incoming signal is f i r s t used to modulate
interferes with the broadcast signals by ionizing the the FM transmitter circuit, then amplified, filtered,
a i r around the antennas causing these vhf signals to and sent to the rf equipment.
become excessively noisy o r completely blocked
from transmission to the ground. Pulse Code Modulated/~requencyModulated (PCM/
Computer Data Transfer FM) Transmitter
The function of computer data transfer is to The PCM/FM transmitter receives serial PCM
furnish PCM data to the Navigation, Guidance, and data and furnishes an output to the rf equipment. The
Control System digital computer for storage. This incoming PCM data frequency modulates the FM trans-
storage function takes place during the orbital portion mitter circuit, then is amplified, filtered and sent
of a mission while the IU is not within range of a to the rf equipment.
ground telemetry receiving station. When the IU
again comes within range of a receiving station, the PCM/FM Oscillator
stored data is transferred into the digital multiplexing
stage for transmission through the antennas. The PCM/FM oscillator receives the same
The program of the Navigation, Guidance, and input a s the PCM/FM transmitter and furnishes an
Control System selects the individual PCM measure- mf output through coaxial cable to DDAS equipment.
ments and the instant they a r e to be transferred into The incoming PCM data frequency modulates a voltage
the digital computer. The complete output of the PCM controlled oscillator. This FM c a r r i e r is trans-
modulation stage, in parallel digital format, is pro- former coupled to a coaxial cable for delivery to the
vided for computer data transfer. On command from ground DDAS equipment via the umbilical. This
the Navigation, Guidance, and Control System, select- data path is used for prelaunch checkout only.
ed parallel digital words a r e compressed and stored
in the digital computer. When the IU comes within
range of the next receiving station, the stored data, 1-10 R F EQUIPMENT
along with timing information, is sent through digital
multiplexing to pulse code modulation for trans- The rf equipment receives the transmitter rf
mission. outputs and broadcasts them in an omni-directional
pattern about the launch vehicle roll axis. The trans-
TRANSMITTING mitter outputs a r e coupled into a single line and sent
Four vhf transmitters and one mf oscillator to a divider which splits the power between two anten-
a r e used to transfer measurement data to the ground. nas. The radiated signals a r e monitored by ground
The four FM vhf transmitters receive inputs from the receiving stations. By using a coaxial switch and
modulation stage and send their outputs to the ground load, the transmitter outputs can be sent to the telem-
via antennas. The transmitters a r e functionally etry ground station without being radiated through the
identical. The PCM mf oscillator accepts data from antennas.
PCM modulation and transfers the data to the ground
via the umbilical.
1- 11 SYNCHRONIZATION
Single ~ i d e b a n d / ~ r e q u e n cModulated
y (SS/FM) Trans-
mitter Synchronization control is used to keep the
multiplexing and modulation equipment operating in
The SS/FM transmitter receives the mixed the proper relationship with each other. The timing
signals from SS modulation and furnishes an output signal for synchronization control originates in an
to the rf equipment. The incoming signal is first oscillating crystal whose output is changed to several
used to modulate the FM transmitter circuit, then different frequencies. These frequencies a r e used to
amplified, filtered, and sent to the rf equipment. control the different operating rates for analog multi-
plexing, digital multiplexing, discrete multiplexing,
Frequency Modulated/Frequency Modulated (FM/FM)
pulse code modulation, and computer data transfer.
Transmitters
Synchronization is necessary to ensure that each
The two FM/FM transmitters a r e physically pulse of information is routed to the proper circuit at (
identical; they each receive a separate signal from the time it is supposed to be there.
Instrumentation System
Section I
In the strict sense of the word, this is not a Selected channels through the analog multi-
true calibration. The calibrated circuits a r e not plexing, single sideband modulation or frequency
adjusted o r compensated for drift or other e r r o r . modulation stages may be calibrated by application
Instead, a preset precise input signal i s applied to of a simulated input. This calibration signal consists
these circuits to cause a calculated output. Compari- of several preset voltages through the input range of
son (at the receiving stations) of the actual output the modulation stages. For prelaunch checkout, the
to the calculated output will determine the amount of selection and application of calibration signals a r e
circuit error. When the determined e r r o r is applied controlled from the Launch Control Center, During
to the actual signal, the circuit is, in effect, cali- flight, the calibration signals a r e controlled by the
brated. Navigation, Guidance, and Control System program.
Measurements
SECTION II
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTIONS
2-3 TRANSDUCERS
Reference
Common Formal Designator
Nomenclature Nomenclature Model IB V Location
1
Measuring Rack A403 6028403 602A403 11
Measuring Rack A404 602A404 6028404 13
Measuring Rack A405 602A405 602A405 9
Measuring Rack A406 602A406 6028406 15
Measuring Rack A407 602A407 6028407 14
Measuring Rack A408 602A408 6028408 14
Measuring Rack A409 602A409 602A409 15
m ~ e a s u r i nRack
~ A669 603A669 23
Measuring Distributor A3 Measuring Distributor 602113 602A3 10
Measuring Distributor A4 Measuring Distributor 602A4 60284 13
TM Calibrator Telemetry Calibrator I1 602A437 602A602 13
TM Calibrator Controller Telemetry Calibrator Power
and Control Assembly 6028566 602A603 13
Slow Speed Mux Slow Speed Multiplexer Assembly 245 602A442 602A598 11
F2 Mux F2 Multiplexer Assembly 270 60211567 602A592 t10
P1 Mux P 1 Multiplexer Assembly 270 602A446 602A593 7 9
rn RDSM Remote Digital Submultiplexer 1-D 6038431 17
IRDM-J Remote Digital Multiplexer 410 6038599 17
RDM-K Remote Digital Multiplexer 410 6038455 6038594 18
S1 Telemeter S1 Telemeter Assembly 602A440 11
R S Telemeter
~ S1 Telemeter Assembly 601 6028596 11
F1 Telemeter F 1 Telemeter Assembly B-1 602A439 602A588 12
F2 Telemeter F2 Telemeter Assembly A-3 602A443 602A590 10
PCM/DDAS Telemeter PCM/DDAS Telemeter Assembly 301 602A420 6028595 12
CIU Computer Interface Unit 501 603A447 603A605 17
Tape Recorder Airborne Tape Recorder 101 602A419 602A604 11
S l Transmitter S1 R F Transmitter Assembly I 602A441 11
m ~ Transmitter
1 S1 R F Transmitter Assembly I1 602A597 11
rn F 1 Transmitter F 1 R F Transmitter Assembly I 602A438 12
m F1 Transmitter F 1 R F Transmitter Assembly I1 602A589 12
7 F2F2
ransmitter
Transmitter
PI T r a n s m i t t e r
F2 R F Transmitter Assembly
F2 RF Transmitter Assembly
P1 PCM/RF T r a n s m i t t e r Assembly
I
I1
CT-19B
602A444
602A421
6024591
9
9
13
7 ransmitter
UHF Transmitter
P1 PCM/RF Transmitter Assembly
UHF PCM/RF Transmitter
Assembly
I1
I11
602A571 6028600
603A601
13
24
rn R F Coupler Telemetry R F Coupler 432 602A445 9
~ R coupler
F 77 Telemetry R F Coupler 4 51 602A641 9
Coaxial Switch Coaxial Switch 601A563 601A563 4
Coaxial Termination Coaxial Termination 601A564 601A564 4
Power Divider Telemetry Power Divider 221 601A436 601A436 4
~ T Antenna
M Telemetry Antenna 219 602A452 10
~ T Antenna
M Telemetry Antenna 219 603A453 22
TM Antenna Telemetry Antenna 223 602A580 602A580 10
TM Antenna Telemetry Antenna 223 6034581 6038581 22
?Locations r e v e r s e d for TtModel 432 used on IU-501.
m configuration.
Instrumentation System
Section I1
Measurement Reference
Transducer Type Location
Number Designator
A2-603 Accelerometer (force-balance) 603A463 21
A3-603 603A464 21
1~6-603
0~7-603
B1-601
B1-601
1
Microphone
Source Follower
603A465
6034466
601A471
601A472
21
21
1
1
C6-601 Temperature gage (thermistor) 601A467 6
C9-601 601A470 6
C10-601 601A473 6
Cll-601 601A474 6
C12-601 601A475 6
C13-601 601A476 6
C15-601 601A477 6
C16-603 603A478 22
C17-603 603A479 21
C18-602 602A480 10
C19-601 601A481 4
C20-601 601A482 3
C21-603 603A483 21
C22-602 602A484 15
C23-603 603A485 19
C24-603 603A486 19
C25-602 602A487 9
C26-601 601A488 7
C27-603 Temperature gage (resistance
thermometer) 603A489 22
C28-603 603A490 22
C29-603
I 603A491 22
Temperature gage (thermistor)
C30-603 603A492 22
C31-603
C35-601
C36-601
C37-601
C38-601
1
Temperature gage (resistance
thermometer)
603A493
601A495
601A496
601A415
6014416
21
7
5
4
2
C39-602 602A411 10
C40-602 602A412 9
C41-602 602A413 16
C42-602 . ." . 60241414 14
C43-603 .. . 603A417 21
C44-603 . ' . . 20
603A418
C58-602 602A503 12
C59-602 602A504 12
C60-602 6024505 10
Mc61-602 602A506 13
C71-601 601A608 6
k;!;:O2
(274-602
602A582
603A583
6028584
13
24
11
1~82-601 6018608 6
Instrumentation System
Section I1
Measurement Reference
Transducer Type Location
Number Designator
D10-603 P r e s s u r e gage (bourdon tube) 603A525 22
D l 1 -603 P r e s s u r e gage (bellows) 60314526 21
D17-601 601A511 6
D18-601
D24-601
D25-601
E7-603
1
P r e s s u r e gage (bourdon tube)
Accelerometer (piezoelectric)
601A512
601A573
601A574
603A519
7
6
6
21
E8-603 603A520 21
E9-603 603A521 21
E10-603 603A522 24
Ell-603 603A523 24
E12-603 603A524 24
E13-603 603A530 24
E14-603 603A531 18
E15-603 603A532 18
E16-603 603A533 18
E17-603 603A534 18
E18-602 602A535 9
E19-602 602A536 9
E20-603 603A537 22
E21-603 603A538 22
E22-602 603A539 16
E23-602 602A540 16
E26-603 603A541 19
E27-603 603A542 19
E28-603 603A543 19
F1-601 Flow meter 6018547 6
6014548
1
F2-601 6
F3-601 601A549 5
F4-603 603A550 20
F5-603 603A551 21
F6-602 602A552 16
F7-601 601A553 4
F8-603 603A554 19
F9-602 602A555 9
3'10-601 601A556 6
Fll-603 603A557 21
H525-602 VSWR measuring unit (model 220) 6028448 10
525-602 VSWR measuring unit (model 22 5) 602A642 10
0526-602 VSWR measuring unit (model 220) 602A448 10
526-602 VSWR measuring unit (model 22 5) 602A642 10
q 527- 602 VSWR measuring unit (model 220) 602A448 10
rn 527-602 VSWR measuring unit (model 22 5) 602A642 10
0528-602 VSWR measuring unit (model 220) 602A448 10
rn 529-602 VSWR measuring unit (model 22 5) 602A642 10
529-602 VSWR measuring unit (model 220) 602A448 10
529-602 VSWR measuring unit (model 22 5) 6024642 10
a~30-602 VSWR measuring unit (model 220) 602A448 10
530-602 VSWR measuring unit (model 22 5) 602A642 10
a531-602 VSWR measuring unit (model 220) 6028448 10
Instrumentation System
Section II
Measurement Reference
Transducer Type Location
Number Designator
531-602 VSWR measuring unit (model 22 5) 602A642 10
El J32-602 VSWR measuring unit (model 220) 602A448 10
532-602 VSWR measuring unit (model 22 5) 60211642 10
28 Vdc
v .
Input
Filter
* Input
Regulator
,4 kHz
OsciI lator
, Rectifier/
Filter
Outpuf
Regulator
, Output
Filter
L.
t Bias
5 Vdc
IBM C
1
+ +5 Vdc
From 5 V Supply
Pressure
Being d b GRD
Monitored
Chamber Evacuated Signal
to 0 psia
BOURDON TUBE
BELLOWS
Chamber Evacuated
Bellows to 0 psia
Pressure
Being To P1 or F2 Mux
Monitored
From 5 V Supply
IBM C
this will cause the potentiometer to move and produce Acceleration Transducers
a change in the output electrical signal.
An acceleration transducer converts the fre-
Bellows - The bellows pressure transducer consists quency and quantity of a one-axis acceleration into a
of two chambers separated by a bellows. One chamber single electrical signal. The frequency of the accel-
is evacuated to 0 psia and the other is connected to eration is represented by the frequency of the elec-
the pressure being measured. The bellows is con- trical signal and the quantity is represented by the
nected to a potentiometer in the transducer thus con- amplitude. Two types of acceleration transducers
verting any pressure change to a change in the output a r e used (see Figure 2-3). The outputs of both types
signal. must be signal conditioned to form a 0 Vdc to 5 Vdc
signal. Both types receive operating power from the
A variation in the bellows type is also used. associated Measuring Rack module. Neither type is
The variation consists of connecting the evacuated more than 3 inches in the largest dimension.
chamber to another pressure source instead of evac-
uating it. The resultant output signal represents a Force-Balance Accelerometer - The force-balance
differential between the PROpressures. accelerometer uses a pendulum to produce an output
signal. An applied acceleration causes a movement
Temperature Transducers of the pendulum in relation to the position detector.
The position detector inductively senses the amount
A temperature transducer converts a,fluid and direction of this movement and produces a pro-
or gas temperature into a proportional electrical portional electrical signal. This signal is amplified
signal. Two types a r e used. Both types consist of and fed to the restoring coil. The restoring coil
a resistance that changes proportionally with the forces the pendulum to return to its original position.
temperature being measured. The outputs of both Since the signal to the restoring coil is proporti~nal
types must be signal conditioned to form a 0 to 5 Vdc to the applied acceleration, this signal is used for
signal. The signal conditioning is accomplished by the accelerometer output. As the actual movement of
letting the resistive element of the transducer be one the pendulum is minute, angular displacement about
leg of a balanced bridge circuit in a dc amplifier the pivot is disregarded and the movement is con-
signal conditioning module. sidered linear along the sensitive axis. Force-
balance accelerometers a r e used to sense low-
Thermistor - The resistance of the thermistor type frequency vibrations o r continuous acceleration.
They a r e used in conjunction with servo acceler-
transducer decreases a s the temperature being meas-
ured increases. It is useful for measuring tempera- ometer signal conditioning modules. The force-
tures that vary in the rather narrow range of -4°F to balance accelerometer is attached by bolts to the
structure being measured for acceleration.
+212 OF (-20 "C to + 100 "C). The transducer is built
i n the form of a probe, with the sensing element in
the tip, The tip extends into the fluid or gas being
Piezoelectric Accelerometer - The piezoelectric
accelerometer uses the piezoelectric effect of a
measured. The probe is not more than 3 inches long. crystalline structure to produce an output signal.
An applied vibration in the sensitive axis causes a
Resistance Thermometer - The resistance of the flexing of the mass. As the crystal is bonded to the
resistance thermometer transducer increases a s the mass, the crystal is subjected to compression-
temperature being measured increases. It is useful tension forces. These forces cause the crystal to
for measuring temperatures that vary in the rather generate a small electrical signal proportional to the
wide range of -373°F to +482O~(-225°C to +250°C). frequency and quantity of the vibration. This elec-
The transducer is built in the form of a probe, with trical signal is fed through an emitter follower that
the sensing element in the tip. The tip extends into serves a s an impedance matching device. The piezo-
the fluid o r gas being measured. The probe is not electric accelerometer is used in conjunction with an
more than 3 inches long. ac amplifier signal conditioning module. Prior to
launch, the accelerometer and subsequent components
A variation of the resistance thermometer is can be calibrated by applying a 400 Hz signal to the
also used. Instead of being built i n the form of a crystal. Piezoelectric accelerometers a r e insensi-
probe, the sensing element is in a thin, flat shape. tive to continuous acceleration and a r e used to meas-
The element is physically bonded to the surface of ure vibrations in the range of 50 Hz to 3000 Hz. The
the unit being measured and is sensitive to conducted transducer is bolted to the structure being measured
heat. The transducer is not more than 1 inch square. for vibration.
Instrumentation System
Section 11
,
4
I
-
I------------
FORCE BALANCE
I
Position
Zc
+
Sensitive Axis
Displacement Signal
Pendulum
b
Amplifier
1
*
I Operating
Detector + Power
I I .2
I
Measuring
I
I Signal
Rack
- Restoring 4
I
II------ Coil 2
---
Sensitive
Axis
400 Hz Calibrution
Signal
Operating Power
Signal Output
] Measuring
Rack
IBM C
Flow Rate Transducers velocity of the fluid. Guide tubes reduce fluid
turbulence caused by the turbine. The metal turbine
A flowmeter converts the rate of flow of a blades disturb the magnetic field, thus inducing a
fluid (amount per unit time) within a pipe into an current into the winding. This current is changed
electrical signal. The r a t e of flow is represented each time a turbine blade disturbs the magnetic field.
by the frequency of the signal. The output signal The frequency of the current change is proportional
must be signal conditioned to form a 0 Vdc to 5 Vdc to the turbine speed which is proportional to the fluid
signal. The flowmeter is assembled into the pipe velocity. The a c signal output is sent t o a dc
carrying the fluid being measured. Flowmeters come amplifier signal conditioning module o r to a frequency
in several sizes with the largest not more than 4 inches to dc converter signal conditioning module.
in its longest dimension. Most flowmeters a r e
equipped with a mechanical locking device to prevent
damage t o the turbine during purge operations. Acoustic Transducers
The flowmeter casing (see Figure 2-4) con- An acoustic transducer converts a sound into
sists of a short piece of pipe the same size a s the a proportional electrical signal. The transducer con-
piping being measured. Within the casing is a free- sists of two pieces -- a microphone and a source
turning turbine. External to the casting is a winding follower (see Figure 2-5). The output signal must
surrounded by a permanent magnetic field. Fluid be signal conditioned to form a 0 Vdc t o 5 Vdc signal.
pumped through the piping and flowmeter causes the As sound is a movement of a i r molecules, an acoustic
turbine to turn at a rate directly proportional to the transducer can operate only in the atmosphere.
Instrumentation System
Section I1
RF Power Transducers
IBM C - B
Noise
Source Measuring Rack
IBM C-A
To Measuring Rack
Assemblies
I
I
I
t-\
'Ttd Coupler Coupler
' 1I (1 (
- - - - - - - -J
L
Assembly Assembly
VSWR MEASURING UNIT
IBM C-B
The purpose of the Measuring Rack Selector The three selection commands (rack, channel,
is to decode Measuring Rack selection commands from and mode) a r e always furnished simultaneously to the
the ESE, select the rack or racks to be calibrated, Measuring Rack Selector. The commands a r e present
and pass on ESE calibration commands to the selected for a period of 40 milliseconds.
Rack or Racks. The Measuring Rack Selector is used The mode select command (see Figure 2-7) is
only during prelaunch checkout. The unit is capable presented to the Measuring Rack Selector a s a binary
of calibrating up to 14 Measuring Racks. coded signal on two lines. The command is isolation-
amplified before being sent to all Measuring Rack
Construction channel selectors. The three possible output com,
mands from the isolation amplifier are: (1) HIGH
The Measuring Rack Selector is made of welded calibration command, (2) LOW calibration command,
sheet aluminum and uses transistorized plug-in mod- or (3) neither HIGH nor LOW (RUN command). The
ules. The unit is 5 inches high, 5 inches wide, 5 input mode select command also starts a synchron-
inches long, and weighs 3 pounds. izing network that enables the decoded rack selector
Instrumentation System
Section 11
From
ESE via { Each Measurin~
Mode Select Made Select ) Channel
Selector
2 Lines 1 Lines
28 Vdc - ,
+
Operating
h
b
T Power
28 Vdc
I
IBM C-A
Each of the seven types of signal conditioning channels. The rack select command consists of the
modules is used to condition a different type of meas- removal of a 28 Vdc signal. The channel select
urement signal. These modules and the channel command consists of a five-line, binary coded signal.
selector modules a r e listed and described in the follow- The H I G H mode command and LOW mode command
ing paragraphs. each consist of a 28 Vdc signal. The channel selector
Channel selector A can cause either one channel o r all 10 channels to be
Channel selector B calibrated in the H I G H mode o r the LOW mode. The
DC amplifier mode signal t o a channel consists of a 28 Vdc signal.
AC amplifier
Each channel mode selector is a latch circuit
Servo-accelerometer, Type 363
that retains its output even though the input commands
Servo-accelerometer, Type 364
have been released. To release the calibrate
Servo-accelerometer, Type 365
commands to the channels, a RUN mode command
Frequency-to-dc converter
must be sent. This command consists of the proper
Frequency measuring adapter
rack and channel signals to the channel select matrix,
Channel Selector but no H I G H o r LOW mode signal input. The enable
signal to the channel mode selector without an accom-
The channel selector decodes the calibration panying H I G H o r LOW signal will cause it to return
commands and selects the Measuring Rack channel to a no-output state. The latching circuit is also
or channels to be calibrated. Each Measuring Rack released when operating power is removed from the
has two of the units: channel selector A and channel module.
selektor B. Both channel selectors a r e identical
except that A decodes commands for channels 1 through DC Amplifier
10, and B decodes commands for channels 11 through
20. The channel selector operates on 28 Vdc from the The dc amplifier module converts dc measure-
Measuring Rack Selector. ment signals o r low-frequency ac measurement signals
into a 0 Vdc to 5 Vdc range. The dc amplifier module
All commands to the channel selector (see physically consists of two parts : a range c a r d and a
Figure 2-9) come through the Measuring Rack Selector. fixed gain amplifier. The range card plugs into the
All three commands (rack select, channel select, and amplifier portion. Different types of range c a r d s a r e
mode select) a r e necessary to cause the channel se- selected to adapt the measurement signal to the fixed
lector t o send a calibrate command to a channel or amplifier.
Measuring
Rack {
Selector
Range cards a r e individually tailored to partic- variable leg of a bridge network on the
ular measurements but all range cards fall into two range card. An adjustable 10 Vdc from
general categories. The voltage divider range card the amplifier portion is used for operating
transforms an input voltage into a proportional 50 mV power of the bridge. Adjustment of this
range. The bridge range card monitors varying re- 10 Vdc controls the span of the bridge's
sistive networks and transforms the varying resist- output 50 mVdc range. Adjustment of
ance into a proportional 0 Vdc to 50 mVdc range. another leg of the bridge sets the lower
Bridge range cards a r e used with resistive-type edge of the range at 0 Vdc.
temperature transducers. The transducer is the
variable leg of the bridge. The 50 mV signal from either type of range
card is then fed through the low-pass input filter on
Regulated power used by the range card and the amplifier portion. Either a 20 Hz o r a 1000 Hz
the amplifier i s generated on the amplifier portion. low-pass filter may be used. This filter governs
The 28 Vdc power from the IU Electrical System (see the frequency response of the entire module. The
Figure 2-10) is first regulated to 18 Vdc. The 18 Vdc signal is then modulated at 10 kHz, amplified by a
is used by all active stages on the amplifier portion. factor of 100, demodulated, and filtered to remove
The dc-to-dc converter uses the 18 Vdc to generate any ripple. If the original input signal was dc, the
15 Vdc for the output regulator. The output regulator voltage a t this point will be 0 Vdc to 5 Vdc. If the
provides a precise 10 Vdc to the range card for use original input signal was ac, the voltage range a t
by the bridge network and the calibration network. this point will be approximately *2. 5 Vac peak-to-
Another product of the dc-to-dc converter is an 8 V peak.
peak-to-peak square wave at 10 kHz, This square
The signal next goes back to the range card
wave is sent to the modulator and demodulator for
and there, if the signal is ac, through a bias network.
use in the amplification process.
This network adds the necessary bias voltage (approx-
imately 2. 5 Vdc) from the 5 V Supply to ensure that
The input signal to a dc amplifier module is the full scale range of the ac signal i s between 0 Vdc
first routed straight through the amplifier portion to and 5 Vdc. The bias network is not used for dc
the range card. The range card conditions the signal signals. Due to the limitations imposed by the input
to a 50 mV range and sends it back to the amplifier filter, the signal a t this point will be dc o r a c not
portion for amplification to a 5 V range. The ampli- exceeding a frequency of 1000 Hz. The signal is then
fied signal is then routed back to the range card for routed back out through the amplifier portion and then
addition of bias voltage if necessary. From the range to the measurement distribution equipment.
card the signal is returned t o the amplifier portion
and on out to the measurement distribution equipment. Calibration commands from the channel se-
The following paragraphs give more details of signal lector actuate relay gates on the amplifier portion of
flow using the two types of range cards. the module which in turn control the circuits on the
range card. The HIGH calibration command disables
-
Voltage Divider Range Card The input the normal measurement signal on the range card and
causes the range card to generate a precise dc voltage
is first sent to a voltage divider network
to bring the signal to a coarse 50 mV near the upper band edge of the particular range card's
range. If the input signal contained an output. The LOW calibration command does the same
excessively high frequency, a bridge except the resulting dc signal is near the lower band
rectifier is used to reduce the signal to edge.
its amplitude component only. The signal
then goes through a normally enabled gate
to the gain adjust network to become a The ac amplifier module converts the ampli-
precise 50 mV range. If the input t o the tude of a high-frequency measurement signal into a
module was a dc signal, the voltage a t proportional 0 Vdc to 5 Vdc range. The ac amplifiers
this point will be 0 Vdc to 50 mVdc. If a r e used with piezoelectric accelerometers and
the input was an a c sigpal, the voltage a t acoustic transducers. The a c amplifier module
this point will be +25 mVac peak-to-peak. physically consists of two parts: a range card and
a fixed gain amplifier. The range card plugs into the
Bridge Range Card - The input in this amplifier portion and all range card inputs/outputs go
case is a varying resistance that is the through the amplifier portion. Different value range
Instrumentation System
Section II
cards a r e selected to adapt the measurement signal Types 364 and 365 - The input signal from the
to the fixed amplifier. The module also furnishes accelerometer is of a dual polarity in the range of
regulated operating power and a calibration voltage -0.25 mA to +O. 25 mA (see Figure 2-12). The signal
to the transducer. first goes through a normally enabled gate to the
loading network where the current-intelligent data is
A typical measurement signal is (see Figure changed to voltage-intelligent data. An adjustment
2-11) routed through the amplifier portion to a voltage here ensures that the full scale outputs of the accel-
divider on the range card. The voltage divider used erometer a r e represented by a range of 5 V. The
is selected to reduce the signal voltage to a propor- signal then goes through the bias network where enough
tional 50 mV peak-to-peak signal. The signal is then voltage (2. 5 Vdc) is added to ensure the output signal
fed to a band-pass filtering network on the amplifier to be in the range of 0 Vdc to 5 Vdc. The amount of
portion that limits the signal frequency to a range of voltage added is adjustable. A HIGH calibration com-
25 Hz to 4500 Hz. This signal is then voltage ampli- mand removes the input signal, thus allowing only the
fied by a factor of approximately 100 before being sent bias voltage to appear at the output. The LOW cali-
to the bias network on the range card. A 2. 5 Vdc bration command is not used with this module.
bias voltage from the 5 V Supply is added to give an
output signal with the original frequency and a range
of 5 V peak-to-peak, centered around 2. 5 Vdc. This
Freauencv-to-DC Converter
ensures that the signal remains within the limits of
0 Vdc to 5 Vdc. The output signal is distributed to
The purpose of the frequency-to-dc converter
the telemetry equipment.
module is to change frequency-intelligent measure-
Prior to launch, a 115 Vac 400 Hz calibration ment signals from flowmeters into proportional 0 Vdc
voltage is constantly applied to the module. An to 5 Vdc signals. The range of the unit is adjustable
isolation circuit on the amplifier portion reduces to allow full scale output (5 Vdc) to represent any
the voltage to 5 Vac. The 5 Vac is furnished to an full scale input from 100 Hz to 600 Hz. An output of
adjustable voltage divider on the range card. The 0 Vdc always represents 0 Hz input. The unit operates
voltage divider is adjusted to provide a signal out of on 28 Vdc power.
i
the transducer that is 90 percent of its full scale
amplitude output. From the voltage divider, the The input from the flowmeter (see Figure 2-13)
calibration signal is fed to a normally disabled gate is f i r s t processed through the low-pass filter to elim-
on the amplifier portion. A HIGH calibration mode inate unwanted frequencies and excessive voltages.
command will enable the gate and allow the calibra- The signal is then amplified by a factor of approx-
tion voltage to be sent to the transducer. The LOW imately 50 before being sent t o the wave shaping c i r -
calibration mode command is not used by this module. cuit. The output of the wave shaping circuit i s a
1 5 V peak-to-peak square wave at the input frequency.
Servo Accelerometer The range of the unit is adjusted by varying the dura-
tion of the square wave pulses. The square wave is
The servo accelerometer module transforms then fed to the averaging network which operates on
the output of a force-balance accelerometer into a the principle of capacitive charge time. The capacitive
0 Vdc to 5 Vdc output signal and furnishes operating averaging network electrically averages the frequency
power to the force-balance accelerometer. Two types and pulse duration of the square wave to produce a
of servo accelerometer modules a r e used. For the proportional 0 Vdc to 5 Vdc signal. The output filter
purpose of this manual they a r e designated type 363, reduces ripple on the output signal to a negligible
type 364, and type 365. Types 364 and 365 a r e value.
identical except that the polarity of the input signal
i s reversed.
A 115 Vac 400 Hz calibration voltage is con-
Type 363 - The input signal from the accel- stantly applied to the unit's calibration s i ~ n a generator
l
erometer is of a single polarity in the range of 0 to prior to launch. This generator produces a 1 . 2 V peak-
1. 5 mA (see Figure 2-12). The signal goes through to-peak 100 Hz square wave that is fed to the input of
a loading network where the current-intelligent data the calibration gate. A calibrate command enables
is changed to voltage-intelligent data. An adjustment the gate and allows the 100 Hz square wave t o be
here ensures that the full scale output of the accelero- added to any existing signal from the transducer.
meter is represented by 5 Vdc. Calibration commands The calibration command is a HIGH mode command.
a r e not used with this module. The LOW calibration mode is not used by this module.
Instrumentation System
Section I1
r = m - - - 1
I RANGE
CARD
I
C
22.5 Vdc I
50 M V P-P I Band-pass
Transducer
Signal Input
)
Voltage
Divider
Range
I
Filter
) 25 Hz-
-'
Cali bration I Gain I 4.5 kHz
Adjust
I 4
Amplifier -b
I I
-
i
I 5v P-P II I
-
2.5 Vdc Range
5 Vdc Isolation
5 V Supply Bias I Amplifier
Network
HIGH Calibration I
Channel
Selector
Command
Enable I
90% of Full Scale
+ I 5 V P-P Range
Biased a t 2.5 Vdc Measurement
1
L
ESE via
Umbilical
400 Hz Isolation 400 Hz
Circuit
)
Voltage
Divider I
I1 - -
Calibration
Adjust
- J
I
IBM C-A
TYPE 363
28 Vdc DC-to-DC +28 Vdc & -15 Vdc Force-Balance
IU Battery
Converter Operating Power
+ Accelerometer
- - - - - - u - - . I I - - I I l l d l - - I I m
TYPE 364 and TYPE 365
+15 Vdc and -15 Vdc
Channel
Selector
Force-Balance Measurement
Accelerometer Distribution
+O. 25 mA
IBM C-B
115 Vac
400 Hz Calibration
Blockhouse b Signal
Generator
,
1.2 v P-P
100 Hz
Square Wave
HIGH Calibration t
Channel Command Calibration
Selector Enable- Gate
15 V P-P
Square Wave at
lnput Frequency
-, 28 Vdc
[U Battery + Operating
Voltage V
Averaging 0m5V$ Measurement
Network Distribution
/
IBM C-B
1,279,680 Hz +16
Crystal
b Frequency
Oscil lator
Divider
79,980 Hz
Platform
Electronics
Assembly
400 Hz
Signal Input
5 Vdc
X200
Frequency
Multiplier
.
80,000 Hz
v
Mixer
b
+Band-puss
Transformer
20 Hz
- r
Bias
Network
20 Hz on
2.5 Vdc ,Measurement
Distribution
5 v Supply
IBM C
Measuring
Distributor
II
1 ,Telemeter
F1 or F2 F1 or F2
Umbilical \I1 $
Transmitter
I
I Select S-1B Measurements
I
-
.
I
I
-
ESE Y1
IU 28 Vdc
I
I Select S-IVB Measurements
I -
-
1
I
INSTRUMENT UNIT
I I m I I m I I I m I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 m 1 = = = 1 1 1 m m ~ = I - = m 3 = = m I I I I I m I I I m I m I
S-IVB
S-IVB
Measure-
ments
~ ~ ~ m m I I I I I I I m I I I 1 1 I m I m I I I I I I I I I m I I I ~ I I m I I I I I I I m I ~ I ~ m I I I I m l
S-IB 9
S-IB Measurements
. - - I I - - - - - -
F1 or F2
Transmitter
P1 Transmitter
Hardwire
to DDAS
Ground Station
FM TO PCM/DDAS MEASUREMENTTRANSFER
IBM C
r
Calibrator. As the operation of the two units a r e Output Selection Circuit Function - The output selec-
( completely interdependent, refer to paragraph 2-8 tion circuit consists of those components from the
for a more complete functional description of the TM control flip flop to the output OR gates, inclusively.
Calibrator Controller. A s t a r t calibration command from K1 o r K2 enables
the output relay drivers and sets the control flip flop.
Construction
The control flip flop advances the 7-point sequence
generator to step 1, enables the 7-point sequence
The TM Calibrator Controller has a magnesium
generator input gate to accept signals from the 5-
case and uses plug-in modules. The unit is 6 inches
point sequence generator and enables the clock input
high, 6 inches wide, 5inches long, and weighs 4 pounds.
gate in the 5-point sequence generator. In step 1,
the 7-point sequence generator causes the relay
2-8 TELEMETRY CALIBRATOR
matrix and gate to issue calibrate command 1 through
the enabled relay driver. This supplies a calibrate
The model 11, type 1, TM Calibrator provides
enable command to one FM telemeter o r model 270
calibration signals to all telemetry components requir-
mux and one single sideband telemeter. Each time
ing calibration for data comparison. All electrical
the voltage stepper circuit completes a 0 to 5 Vdc
connections to the TM Calibrator a r e routed through
sequence, it sends a signal through the 7-point
the TM Calibrator Controller, therefore the functional
sequence generator input gate to advance the sequence
description must include both of these components.
generator to select the next calibrate command to be
These two units a r e referred to a s the Calibrator-
issued. The start calibration command must be
Controller Assembly. The Calibrator-Controller
present for a t least 4.2 seconds to ensure that the
Assembly is operated during flight and prior to launch.
relay drivers remain enabled during the entire cali-
The Calibrator-Controller Assembly is capable of
calibrating up to three single sideband telemeters and bration sequence. The output selection circuit is
six FM telemeters o r model 270 multiplexers. For not used during the preflight mode.
ease of explanation, full use is assumed.
-
Voltage Stepper Circuit Function The voltage stepper
Construction circuit consists of those components from the voltage
i comparator to the unity gain amplifier, inclusive. In
The TM Calibrator has a magnesium case and the preflight mode K3 is energized, allowing the pre-
uses plug-in modules. The unit is 6 inches high, 6 flight levels from the blockhouse to control the output
inches wide, 5 inches long, and weighs 5 pounds. of the voltage comparator. The voltage comparator
also receives a feedback from the output of the unity
Function gain amplifier. The only possible output from the
The Calibrator-Controller Assembly contains unity gain amplifier i s one of the five steps of the
three main functional circuits (see Figure 2-16). Al- calibration signal (0.00, 1.25, 2. 50, 3. 75, o r 5. 00
though the three circuits a r e interdependent, they Vdc). If the voltage from the unity gain amplifier is
have separate outputs. The output selection circuit not the same a s the voltage from the blockhouse, the
selects the component to be calibrated and sends a comparator sends a signal to enable the 5-point
28 Vdc calibrate enable signal to that component. The sequence generator gate, another signal to enable
voltage stepper circuit generates and selects the cali- the clock input gate, and another signal through the
bration voltage to be sent to the FM telemeters. The conditioning stage to advance the 5-point sequence
single sideband telemeter calibration circuit generates generator to the first step. With the clock input gate
the inflight calibration signal and selects whether this enabled, the clock issues pulses at 140-millisecond
signal o r an ESE generated signal will be applied to intervals. Each clock pulse advances the 5-point
the single sideband telemeters. sequence generator to select the next voltage level.
Each time the 5-point sequence generator passes
The Calibrator-Controller Assembly is oper- the 5-volt level, it commands the 7-point sequence
ated in either the preflight mode (~3energized)o r the generator to issue the next calibration command. The
inflight mode (K1 o r K2 energized). In the preflight 5-point sequence generator sends a command through
mode, the voltage and duration of the calibration signal the calibration matrix to the signal divider to produce
to the FM telemeters is controlled from the blockhouse. the desired 0 to 5-volt level. The signal divider uses
In the inflight mode, the Calibrator-Controller Assem- the precise 5 Vdc from the 5 V Supply as a supply volt-
i bly enables and calibrates the single sideband telem- age to be divided a s necessary. The output is fed
eters, FM telemeters, and model 270 multiplexers in through the unity gain amplifier to the FM telemeter
a preset sequence. calibrate bus. This output is also fed back to the
Instrumentation System
Section I1
comparator, and a s long a s the output does not equal identification channel, and 29 and 30 a r e amplitude
the commanded voltage, the comparator will cause reference channels. Primary channels 1 through 23 I
the circuit to continue stepping through the 0 t o 5 Vdc can be submultiplexed with 10 subchannels each. This
range. Therefore, if a cycle command (200 percent of gives the model 270 rnux the capability of accepting
5 Vdc) is sent from the blockhouse, the circuit will keep 23 x 10 + 4 'or 234 different measurements. Channels
stepping. One complete stepping sequence is 700 milli- 29 and 30 c a r r y a precise 5 Vdc reference level and
seconds long. a r e bridged together t o form a constant amplitude and
In the inflight mode K3 is not energized, thus location reference.
allowing 28 Vdc t o be applied to the voltage compara-
tor. This inhibits the preflight levels and makes a Primary channels 1 through 30 a r e repeatedly
constant no-compare condition in the voltage com- monitored in sequence (see Figure 2-17). One com-
parator. When a calibration sequence i s started in plete sequence constitutes a frame. Primary channels
the output selection circuit, that circuit enables the 1 through 23 each introduce a different subchannel
clock input gate. This allows the 5-point sequence into the frame f o r 10 consecutive frames. These 10
generator to step continuously until the inflight cali- frames a r e a master frame. P r i m a r y channel 28 is
bration sequence i s complete, that is, six consecutive held to a zero output level except during frame 10,
5-point sequences. when a 5 Vdc level is inserted. This change in r e f e r -
ence level provides master frame identification. One
Single Sideband Telemeter Calibration Circuit Func- master frame is necessary t o sample all 234 inputs to
tion - A 1700 Hz, 1-volt peak-to-peak calibration the model 270 mux.
signal is constantly generated by an oscillator circuit
and furnished to the normally open contacts of K5. When commanded from an external source,
Whenever the output selection circuit selects a single the model 270 rnux will perform a calibration s e r
sideband telemeter for calibration, K5 i s closed allow- quence. Upon receipt of a calibrate command, the
ing the calibration voltage to be applied to all three internal calibrator generates a 5-step s e r i e s of p r e -
single sideband telemeters. During prelaunch mode, cise voltages at levels of 0 Vdc, 1.25 Vdc, 2.50 Vdc,
the blockhouse can select all three single sideband 3.75 Vdc, and 5 Vdc. At the s t a r t of the next m a s t e r
telemeters for calibration through K4 without using frame, each step is applied for the duration of one i
the output selection circuit. When this is done, a master frame (83.3 milliseconds). These stepped
calibration signal consisting of a 1-volt peak-to-peak voltages a r e applied to the output isolation amplifier
sine wave swept from 3000 Hz to 0 Hz is furnished and replace the pulse train from the main multi-
f r o m the blockhouse through the Calibrator -Controller plexer that is normally routed through the isolation
Assembly, to calibrate the single sideband telemeters. amplifier. An inhibit calibration signal from the
2-9 F2 MULTIPLEXER AND P 1 MULTIPLEXER sync circuit stops the calibration during channels 28,
29, and 30, allowing the f r a m e identification pulses
Each of these units is a model 270 mux. The to pass. After the five master frames of calibration
model 270 rnux is a two-stage multiplexer that sequen- the circuit is r e s e t and is ready for the next cali-
tially monitors many inputs signals, and produces two bration command.
parallel repeating pulse trains, with each pulse a
sample of an input signal (PAM). The input signals The isolation amplifier accepts inputs from the
must be preconditioned to a range of 0 to 5 Vdc. The main multiplexer and the calibrator and forms these
sampling rate is governed by sync signals from the inputs into two parallel pulse trains, one train with a
PCM/DDAS Telemeter. pedestal, and one train without. The voltage range
of the pulse train without pedestal is 0 Vdc to 5 Vdc.
Construction
The voltage of each pulse of the pulse train with
pedestal is reduced t o 76 percent of the input voltage
The model 270 rnux has an aluminum alloy case
and then the pedestal of 1.2 Vdc i s added to each
containing plug-in printed circuit cards. The unit
pulse. The pedestal ensures that there i s always a
weighs 21 pounds. I t is 6 inches high, 11 inches wide,
minimum of 1. 2 Vdc on each pulse.
and 1 3 inches long.
Function The two pulse trains, one with pedestal and
one without, a r e provided to satisfy the input require-
The model 270 rnux is basically a 30 channel ments of subsequent equipment. Pedestal i s used with
I
component. Channels 1 through 27 of these 30 pri- the FM telemetry path because of the characteristics
mary channels a r e data channels, 28 is the f r a m e of the ground station decommutation equipment. This
Instrumentation System
Section I1
I
J1 J 2 J1
1 T M CALIBRATOR I
CONTROLLER ! 3
I
TM CALIBRATOR I Single Sideband
I Telemeter Calibration
I
I Signal Outputs
1700 Hz I
Generator I I
(1V P-P) I I
I I
to
IBM C
I
i
Pedestal Control
Frame Sync
and Channel
- Calibration Inhibit
Sync from b Sync
PCM/D DAS Fmme Sync
Telemeter
22 Other
Submultiplexers -' Y 4
Main
Multiplexer
I (Each Channel -
P
r ' Sampled 120 -2 3
Submultiplexer Times Per
t (Each Input 1 1 1 1 Second)
10 Inputs Sampled
12 Times
* 10 1 1
1 Subchannels
1
Persecond) 1 1 1 1
i.
5 V Supply
w - I
i
Figure 2-17. F2 and PI Multiplexer Functional Diagram
Instrumentation System
Section I1
equipment will not synchronize if several sequential rarily s t o r e s them a s ten 10-bit words, and sends
pulses happen to be at 0 Vdc. The pedestal is the words in a repeating sequence to the PCM/DDAS
unnecessary in PCM telemetry. Telemeter. The unit i s pre-programmed to determine
the order of monitoring the inputs and the order of
Each channel output has a 50 percent duty cycle. sending the words to the PCM/DDAS Telemeter. The
This means that half of the channel contains data while RDM is synchronized with the PCM/DDAS Telemeter
the other half has not data (zero level). This produces to cause the output words to appear at the instant the
an output pulse train of fixed-width pulses with the PCM/DDAS Telemeter is programmed to accept them.
zero-level space between the pulses being the same
width a s the pulses. Two RDM units, RDM-J and RDM-K, a r e used
in the IU (except for S-IU-201 through S-IU-204 where
Channel sync signals furnished to the two only RDM-K i s used). RMD-K receives only the 40-
model 270 rnux a r e 180 degrees out of phase. This bit digital word from the LVDA. RDM-J replaces the
results in the output signal of F2 Mux lagging the RDSM used on S-IU-201 through S-IU-204 and receives
output of P1 Mux by one-half of a channel time o r various discrete and digital signals.
139 microseconds. The duty cycle of P1 Mux (A-time)
occurs during the non-duty cycle of the F2 Mux (B-
Construction
time) preceding channel. This means that while the
duty cycles of the two Mux occur a t the same rate,
The RDM has a magnesium c a s e containing
they do not occur at the same time. F o r S-IU-202,
plug-in printed circuit cards. The unit i s 6 inches
the channel sync signals a r e reversed s o that F2 Mux
high, 11 inches wide, 10 inches long, and weighs
operates in A-time and P1 Mux operates in B-time.
16 pounds.
Channel sync and master frame sync signals
a r e furnished to the model 270 mux from the PCM/ Function
DDAS Telemeter. For F2 Mux on S-IU-204 and
S-IU-501 through S-IU-503, the sync signals come The 100 input bits (see Figure 2-18) a r e
from the S-IVB PCM/DDAS Telemeter. Channel sync grouped into ten 10-bit groups and each group i s
signals a r e pulses occuring a t a rate of 3600 per routed to a magnetic core storage register (MCR).
second. Master frame sync signals a r e pulses occur- Write commands from the program patch to the
ring a t a rate of 4 per second. These sync signals individual MCR1s cause the groups to be stored a s 10-
cause the model 270 mux to operate with the following bit words. The write commands to the MCR's can be
characteristics: programmed to occur in sequence o r simultaneously,
depending on the time relationship desired between
Master frame the measurements being monitored.
Rate: 12 per second The read commands from the program patch
Length: 83. 3 milliseconds determine the order in which the ten MCR outputs
Contents: 10 frames will be furnished to the parallel storage register. The
Frame read sync pulse ensures that each word i s shifted to
the parallel storage register at the right word time.
Rate: 120 per second
Length: 8. 33 milliseconds The parallel storage register receives a clear
Contents: 30 PAM channels command just prior to receiving each new data word
Channel (7200 times per second). The 10-bit data word i s then
stored momentarily in ten parallel flip flops. Each
Rate: 3600 per second word i s stored just long enough to be read a s a PCM
Length: 278 microseconds word by the PCM/DDAS Telemeter.
Contents: One 139-microsecond data
pulse and 139 microseconds Programming of the RDM is done by wiring
of z e r o level the program patch t o transform sync pulses into read
and write commands. Programming may cause
2-10 REMOTE DIGITAL MULTIPLEXER selected words to appear more than one time in the
output sequence, thus increasing sampling rate. Any
The model 410 Remote Digital Multiplexer RDM word may be sent to the PCM/DDAS Telemeter
(RDM) accepts up to 100 bits of digital data, tempo- more than once per PCM frame.
Instrumentation System
Section 11
The RDSM has a magnesium case containing The model 301 PCM/DDAS Telemeter is an
plug-in printed circuit cards. The unit weighs 13 encoder-multiplexer assembly that will accept and
pounds. It is 7 inches high, 7 inches wide, and 11 time-integrate PAM analog signals, discrete signals,
inches long. and digital signals into a single output. The single
9 Other
Storage
Registers
IBM C-B
-
PCM/DDAS Word Location Sync Program Reset (1 20 pps)
Telemeter Decoder
Enables
Enable
To
9 Other
Digital
Gates V
IBM C
The analog-to-digital encoder is synchronized timing count pulses, occurring at the various frame
to encode each word as the word is furnished by the and word rates. Pre-wiring of the program patch
PAM mux selector. Each analog word is encoded into a uses these word location counts to generate the read
a 10-bit digital word and stored in parallel form for and write commands, and route the commands to the
transfer to the encoder gate. desired digital gates and storage registers. These
commands cause the digital gates and storage registers
The read sync pulse to the encoder gate causes to accept and transfer their inputs to the parallel stor-
each stored word to be transferred through the encoder age register a t selected times in the format. Pro-
gate to the parallel storage register, providing an gramming may cause selected words to appear a t
inhibit pulse is not present at the encoder gate. more than one time in the output sequence, thus in-
creasing the sample rate.
Digital inputs come from the RDM and the
RDSM. Each digital signal is a standard parallel These data words from the digital gates and
10-bit word. Sync signals to the multiplexers cause storage registers override the data words from the
their outputs to be available at the time the PCM/ encoder gate. Frame identification words also over-
DDAS Telemeter is programmed to accept them. ride the words from the encoder gate. The multi-
These digital inputs a r e furnished to the input of a plexed input to the parallel storage register, then,
digital gate. A separate read command from the consists of the encoded analog words, in the sequence
program patch to each digital gate will route that supplied by the model 270 multiplexers, with digital-
gate's input through to the parallel storage register. originated, discrete-originated, and frame identifica-
A read sync pulse ensures that the parallel storage tion words substituted at preselected points, The out-
register receives the digital gate output at the proper put of the parallel storage register is sent directly to
word time. The read command also inhibits the the Computer Interface Unit and to the serializer. A
encoder gate for that word time, allowing only the clear command resets the flip flops before each new
digital gate output to be sent to the parallel storage word is sent to the parallel storage register.
register.
The serializer accepts the 10-bit parallel word
Discrete inputs originate in numerous places. and gates the bits out sequentially starting with the
They a r e handled by the PCM/DDAS Telemeter in most significant bit of each word. This pulse train is
groups of 10. Each group is routed to a magnetic inverted and re-inverted, producing dual, opposing
core storage register. A write command from the pulse trains. The dual pulse trains a r e sent to the P I
program patch determines the point in time that the Transmitter as a "push-pull" type modulation. One
group will be stored in the storage register. A read of the pulse trains is sent to the FM voltage controlled
command from the program patch shifts this parallel oscillator. The pulse trains a r e NRZ (non-return to
output into the parallel storage register a s a 10-bit zero), that is, there is no return to zero level between
digital word. A read sync pulse ensures that it is the bits.
shifted at the right word time. The read command
also inhibits the encoder gate output that would other- The voltage controlled oscillator produces a
wise be sent to the parallel storage register. 600 kHz FM carrier that is modulated by the serial
NRZ pulse train. The modulated c a r r i e r is trans-
The frame identifier transforms the sync former coupled to a coaxial cable that is routed
signals into three unique 10-bit words that a r e in- through the umbilical and then to DDAS receiving
serted in the sequence to identify the.frames and equipment. This signal is demodulated, demulti-
master frames. These three words a r e placed in plexed, and decoded, to recreate the original meas-
word-times 29B, 30A, and 30B of each frame. The urements. These measurements can be displayed
logic level of these words a r e reversed each 30th on meters, o r recorded, or used a s command ver-
frame to identify the end of a master frame. As the ifications in the automatic checkout equipment.
frame identifier sends identification words to the
parallel storage register, it also inhibits the output The output of the PCM/DDAS Telemeter is a
of the encoder gate. repeating format with the characteristics listed be-
low. One master frame (1800 word times) contains
Programming of the PCM/DDAS Telemeter is a sampling of all inputs to the unit and the frame
accomplished by wiring the program patch to trans- identification words necessary for the ground re-
form word location pulses into read and write com- ceiving equipment to locate specific words within
mands. The program patch constantly receives the format.
I I
10 Disme~ea(Per Storage k g i s t e r )
(Flip Flo
I
1
i
--
Instrumentation System
Section II
Computer Interface
Unit (Not used unfil
I
* 2M Mux
I 1, 270 Mux
I + RDSM
5 RDM
I
IBM C-C
!f
'I Figure 2-20. PCM/DDA~Telemeter Functional Diagram
'i,
'i
Instrumentation System
Section I1
signals for subsequent modulation of an FM trans- channels. The channel numbers a r e convenient ways
mitter. All input signals must be pre-conditioned to to refer to specific bands. The listed frequencies
a 0 Vdc to 5 Vdc range. Input signals come to F1 and a r e the center, upper, and lower limit of each chan-
F2 Telemeters from transducers, measurement racks, nel. Deviation is the amount, in percentage, that
measurement distributors, and multiplexers. The the upper and lower frequency limits a r e s e t from
F1 Telemeter (model B-1) can accept a total of 27 center, Frequency response is the highest input
input signals and the F2 Telemeter (model A-3) can frequency that can be accepted by a channel (due to
accept a total of 19 input signals. The outputs of F1 that channel's frequency and deviation limits) and be
and F2 Telemeters a r e furnished to the tape recorder reproduced without significant loss of data. Inputs
prior to being routed to two FM transmitters. of higher frequency can be accepted, but at a corre-
sponding loss of accuracy.
Construction
Channels used in F1 and F2 Telemeters a r e
Each Telemeter has a magnesium case con- flexible and may be easily changed. The specific
taining plug-in printed circuit cards. F1 Telemeter channels used were chosen to meet the needs of the
weighs 18 pounds and F2 Telemeter weighs 14 pounds. system. Three different modulation processes using
F1 Telemeter is 6 inches high, 10 inches wide, and the IRIG channels, a r e used by the Telemeters.
11 inches long. F2 Telemeter is 4 inches high, 8
inches wide, and 15 inches long. F2 Telemeter is A typical data input is routed through an SCO
pressurized to 20 psia. and then joined with the other channel outputs. These
signals a r e then sent through an isolation amplifier
Function and the composite signal can then be used to deviate
an FM transmitter. This process, using one SCO
The sub carrier oscillators (SCO) a r e the units to modulate an FM carrier, is referred to a s fre-
within each Telemeter that convert the analog inputs into quency modulation/frequency modulation (FM/FM).
frequency-intelligent data. Each SCO is a voltage
controlled oscillator that is set at a precise frequency Another typical data input is routed through a
range. The frequency output will shift up to the high low-frequency SCO, joined with several other low-
limit as the input signal (see Figure 2-22) increases frequency SCO outputs, and routed to an isolation
to 5 volts. The frequency output will shift down to amplifier. This composite output is then used as
the low limit a s the input signal decreases to 0 volts. the input to one high-frequency SCO. This process,
Thus, the output frequency of each SCO is set to be using two SCO stages to modulate an FM carrier, is
linearly proportional to an input of 0 to 5 Vdc. A referred to as frequency modulation/frequency mod-
low-frequency ac signal can be an input to an SCO ulation/ frequency modulation (FM/FM/FM).
if the signal is first biased at mid-range (2. 5 Vdc).
The third process uses the output pulse train
Frequencies and operations of SCO channels a r e of a model 270 mux as the input for one high-frequency,
controlled by a government agency, the Inter-Range high-deviation SCO. This process is called pulse
Instrumentation Group (IRIG). These controls were amplitude modulation/f requency modulation/f requency
established for several reasons. Among them are: modulation (PAM/FM/FM).
Table 2-3 lists the frequencies, deviations, All channels in each Telemeter (except the
and frequency responses of all IFtIG standard SCO PAM/FM/FM channel) may be calibrated by applying
Instrumentation System
Section I1
Calibration
Program
-Y
Patch
-
Channel 2
Calibration Voltage
I I * -
Signal Calibration
- Controlled
Vehicle Calibration Bus
Bus Osci Ilator
*
A
IX
/Y I
Oscillators
2 thru 13, and 15
Measurement
Sources
t
Channels 2 thru 13,
and 15 Data Inputs
-
1411. . --
Channel 15
IX Voltage
- b
Controlled
I /v 1
Osci Ilator
Channel 2
I A
-
Voltage
Controlled
Osci Ilafor
-
r
-
-
Channel 14
a
Isolation
Amplifier
Composite Signal
Tape Recorder
F2 Mux
I: Channel X Data Input
L.- -
)
Controlled
Oscillator
IBM C-A
-.
L e !
L
5 Q ) 2L , @Ti
-cu
m E
~ 2 2 .E $2 c
0
!-
L
O
Q)
C
!,G 22 '8-2
: 2u5
-0 b
- - -- * a;
W 0 , Z
e+r-
2
-
-I
CY
-I
C?
-I
4D
L
*6
0
I-
+ + f-
U ln
A A A A A A A A A A K
sample of each of its inputs. A 2. 5 Vdc signal loca- plug-in modules. The model 601 unit is 10 inches
tion pulse is inserted between the samples to aid in high, 10 inches wide, 10 inches long, and weighs 23
showing where a new sample starts. This pulse is pounds.
100 milliseconds long except between the last and
Function
first samples. Between the last and f i r s t samples the
2. 5 Vdc pulse is 300 milliseconds long to show that a
All 1 5 data channels (see Figure 2-25) a r e
new frame is beginning. identical except for their individual c a r r i e r fre-
quencies, s o channel 1 will be discussed a s a typical
A multivibrator furnishes the basic timing data channel. S1 Telemeter also has a special serv-
signal within the synchronization circuit. This tim- ice channel that is used to transmit synchronization
ing signal triggers other multivibrators which produce information for the Slow Speed Mux. This channel
the sync signals necessary to cause the multiplexers will be discussed separately.
to sample a t the proper rate and the voltage controlled
oscillator to develop the proper sync frequencies. Measurement data input signals must be in
the range of 30 Hz to 3000 Hz, 0 volts to 5 volts
The voltage controlled oscillator is a multi- peak to peak. The data input may be a single meas-
vibrator circuit that provides two sync frequencies urement o r a multiplexed group of signals.
along with the multiplexed channels to assist i n data
reduction. These sync frequencies a r e controlled by The frequency synthesizer derives all c a r r i e r
the synchronization circuit. The two frequencies a r e frequencies used by the unit from the output of a 910
890 Hz and 1030 Hz - the lower and upper limits of kHz crystal oscillator. The output of the oscillator
i s divided and keyed to produce the necessary
IRIG subcarrier band 4. The 1030 Hz signal is pres-
ent when the 2. 5 Vdc signal location pulse is applied frequencies. One of the outputs is a 455 kHz signal
to the four-input multiplexer. The 890 Hz signal is that i s sent to the first modulator of each channel and
present at all other times. is used a s the first c a r r i e r frequency for each
channel. Another output is a spectrum of frequencies
harmonic to 4. 74 kHz that is sent to the filter set.
2-17 S1 TELEMETER ASSEMBLY The third output is a pilot signal of 75. 83 kHz sent ( I
to the f i r s t summing amplifier.
The S1 single sideband Telemeter provides 17
modulation channels of wide-frequency -band data to The pilot signal is sent to the ground receiving
an FM transmitter. Measurement data is sent through stations and used there as an amplitude reference to
1 5 of these bands while the other 2 a r e used for syn- approximate the amplitude of each data channel. The
chronizing signals. The channels a r e spaced in a pilot signal amplitude is preset s o that when the
manner to produce a nominal bandspread to the trans- amplitude is reconstructed a t the receiving stations,
mitter while retaining high frequency response. The the gain of the agc can be determined. The frequency
single sideband modulation method is used to improve of 75.83 kHz is used because it is higher than the
the measurement handling capacity of the transmitter. highest data channel c a r r i e r frequency.
1 I
Channel 1
I (459.74 kHz)
4I
Channels Channel 1
1 Thru 15 Data Input Data I Isolation s1
50 HZ to 3000 Hz Gafe Amplifier Transmitter
455 kHz
Input Signals
A
I
j Channels
-
2 thru 15
I
Disable 'I I V t
1 Band- ' 455 kHz Second Channel 1 Low-
Calibration First Automatic Second
Command First Pass + Data (D); Modulator (1.74 kHz to 4.74 kH=) Pass
. +Summing ---) +Gain +Summing
Modulator 459.74 IAm~lifierl Filter
1 200 Amplifier
I 458 ~ H ~ J -(455 + D)kHz kHz
TM
Enable
- ~?i:~;~ I I m 4
Calibrator
Channels
Calibration
Cali- I
2 thru 15
Signal
bration
Gate
Low-
890 Hz or 1030 Hz & m n e l s 2 thru 15 special service channel Pass to 1.2 kHz
from
I
" Filter
- 50 Hz
Slow Speed Mux 1.2 kHz
IBM C-B
transmitters a r e : S1 - 259. 7 MHz; F1 - 250. 7 MHz; Telemeter a s modulation for a vhf c a r r i e r . The unit
and F2 - 245. 3 MHz. uses a combination of solid-state devices and vacuum
tubes t o transmit through the RF transmission
2-19 S1, F1, AND F2 RF TRANSMITTERS components.
58
Instrumentation System
Section I1
1 18.55 MHz
Crystal
PCM/D DAS OsciI lator
Telemeter
PCM
(1/2 Fo - 9 MHz)
'I +
9 MHz
Shaper * FM ~ i
Frequency 127.55 MHz
x e r
Frequency 255.1 MHz
Doubler
Power
Amplifier
Oscillator
.
I'rh
255.1 MHz
'"' &36 kHz
15 Watts
'I
RF Tmnsmission
Components
IBM C
255.1 MHz
PCM/DDAS
Telemeter
PCM , PCM
signal
Regulated
Power
Low 20 Watts
--+Pass . - ;L/ \ RF Transmission
Components
Conditioner Amplifier Filter
IBM C
reduce the voltage to a range acceptable to the exciter is inherent in the RF transmission components and
section (see Figure 2-30). The signal adapter i s coaxial wiring.
sensitive to only positive o r negative excursions of
the input. A positive excursion results in a positive Telemetry R F Coupler
output which remains until a negative excursion is
felt. A negative excursion results in a negative The RF Coupler uses tuned cavities to selec-
voltage output which remains until a positive excursion tively pass the signals to be coupled. Each c a r r i e r
is felt. These two levels cause the 25 MHz VCO to be input passes through a resonant cavity that is tuned
biased at either i t s upper o r lower band edge. The 25 to 1/4 wavelength of the c a r r i e r center frequency.
MHz VCO output goes to the balanced mixer, along The four c a r r i e r s a r e then capacitively coupled to-
with a 164 MHz signal from the crystal oscillator. gether and routed to the Coaxial Switch. Since each
These two frequencies a r e summed and sent through cavity is tuned to a different center frequency, only
a band-pass filter as a modulated 189 MHz c a r r i e r . the selected c a r r i e r frequency may pass. The R F
Components in the exciter section a r e selected to Coupler is sealed at atmospheric pressure.
produce the desired output center frequency. The
189 MHz signal is multiplied by a factor of 12, The RF Coupler used on Saturn IB i s a model
amplified, and filtered to emerge as a 20-watt output 432. It is 5 inches high, 4 inches wide, 12 inches
at 2277. 5 MHz. long, and weighs 3 pounds.
rEXClTER
-----1
I 164 MHz
Crystal
( * Component frequencies
I *
Osci Ilator
I
are determined by output
frequency requirement
,
I of UHF Transmitter
tI _, Balanced
PCM
PCM/DDAS PCM Signal 25 M H z
Telemeter VCO Mixer
Adapter
189 MHz I
I
Band-Pass
Filter I
Lm,--, J
X12
V Regulated .L~~
2277.5 MHz
20 Watts
Frequency
Multiplier
+
Power
Amplifier
(Traveling
+ Pass
Filter
c
-.
r ,\
CCS RF
Transmission
Components
I
Wave Tube)
IBM C-A
disconnection, it can only be in the antenna position. to broadcast their information without radiating
The Coaxial Switch is less than 4 inches in its longest through the antennas. The termination receives its
dimension and weighs 1 pound. The unit is sealed at input through the normally open contacts of the
atmospheric pressure. Coaxial Switch. The input rf signal is dissipated and
grounded through a load resistor. A small coil
Telemetry Power Divider inserted into the electromagnetic field around the
load resistor inductively picks off a small portion of
The model 221 Power Divider equally divides the input signal. This low-wattage signal is then
the composite carrier signal from the Coaxial Switch routed to ground receiving stations through the umbil-
and routes this signal to the two TM Antennas. The ical. The unit is 4 inches high, 5 inches wide, 1 2
Power Divider also provides impedance matching. inches long, and weighs 4 pounds.
The unit is 2 inches high, 3 inches wide, 9 inches
long, and weighs 1 pound. 2-24 LAUNCH COMPLEX EQUIPMENT
Telemetrv Antennas The Instrumentation System launch complex
equipment consists of that equipment necessary to
The two TM Antennas (model 219 for S-IU-202, (1) control and calibrate airborne instrumentation
and model 223 for all others) radiate the telemetry components, (2) receive and decode instrumentation
carrier to ground receiving stations. They a r e stub data, and (3) record and display the decoded instru-
antennas mounted 180 degrees apart on the external mentation data. Much of this equipment is shared
surface of the IU to provide an omni-directional with other systems therefore this manual covers only
pattern about the launch vehicle roll axis. Each the instrumentation function of the equipment.
antenna is 5 inches high, 7 inches wide, 1 5 inches
long, and weighs 6 pounds. Instrumentation System equipment for each
launch complex consists of the I U Measuring & Track-
Coaxial Termination ing Panel, Telemetry Ground Station, Measuring
Station, and analog recorders in the firing room of the
The Coaxial Termination is used during pre- Launch Control Center (LCC). For Saturn IB, this
launch checkout to allow the telemetry transmitters equipment is located at Launch Complex 34 and
RF COUPLER
22 - 1/4 Wave
+
MHz -
POWER
DIVIDER
- /
,
S1 Transmitter T,! I-'
Resonant 259.7
\ 20 Watts
'-1
Cavity
+
TM Antennas
f =\
22 Watts '1/4 Wave
s
COAXIAL (-
-1 Resonant 250.7 MH
F1 Transmitter ,
:
\
! SWITCH
Cavity
-- .
6-
\J
NC
NO , COAXIAL
TERMINATION
22 Watts 1/4 Wave ! O Umbilical
F2 Transmitter czi
-\
P Resonant 245.3 MHz
Cavity
20 Watts
/-
1/4 Wave -
-
PI Transmitter &,3) w Resonant 255.1 MHz
-Cavity - - A I Measuring
&
Tracking
] Panel
IBM C-B
Launch Complex 37, and for Saturn V it is located at and displays all instrumentation data from the launch
Launch Complex 39. Figures 2-32 and 2-33 show how vehicle. It has a receiver for each telemetry link i n
the Instrumentation System relates to other equipment the IU, S-IVB, and S-IB. The remainder of the de-
within and without the launch complex. The Saturn IB coding and display equipment is shared by the three
and Saturn V launch complexes use different types of stages. The station is used t o check out the on-board
equipment for the Instrumentation System, but instrumentation equipment and to support the pre-
functionally they are almost identical. launch checkout of the launch vehicle. This technical
manual will describe only the I U functions of the
The Central Instrumentation Facility (CIF), Telemetry Ground Station.
located on Merritt Island, is the main instrumentation
data receiving station for KSC. This facility houses The station consists of 1 5 racks of signal
the myriad equipment necessary to receive and de- processing and test equipment. The station has a
code data from the many space programs. CIF can liberal complement of plug-in and switch-operated
interchange data with the Manned Spacecraft Center patch panels to allow any signal to be routed to any
in Texas and Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama. place that it might be necessary. Many pieces of
The LCC DDAS Station and Telemetry Ground Station rack-mounted t e s t equipment a r e included in the
a r e linked with CIF via a two-way c a r r i e r trans- station to test the incoming signals and the station
mission system. The LCC and CIF interchange the processing equipment. Only general signal process-
outputs of the telemetry receivers. ing paths a r e described by this technical manual.
Each launch complex has an a r e a equipped with The station can receive the vhf telemetry rf
t e s t gear to bench-check and repair airborne tele- signals via the hardline coax through the umbilical,
metry components. Coaxial connections a r e provided o r from the helix antenna mounted on the LCC roof
to the Telemetry Ground Station to enable that station (see Figure 2 -35). The signals a r e attenuated a s
to be used in component checkout. At LC-34 this necessary and furnished to all receivers. An rf
a r e a is located in the Support Building, a t LC-37 it path is also furnished from the telemetry component
is in the Service Structure, and a t LC-39 it is in the checkout a r e a to assist in bench checks of airborne
same LCC room with the Telemetry Ground Station. components. The uhf telemetry rf signal is supplied
via the R F Racks.
2 -2 5 IU MEASURING & TRACKING PANEL
A receiver reverses the function performed
The IU Measuring & Tracking Panel (see by a telemetry transmitter. Each receiver supplies
Figure 2-34) furnishes manual power control and several outputs, taken from different stages within
status display of the Instrumentation System and the receiver. These signals range from the if.
Tracking System airborne components. The panel is stage output, down in frequency to the demodulated
located in an electrical equipment rack i n the LCC o r video output.
Firing Room. This technical manual will not discuss
the Tracking portion of the panel. IF. Output
The controls and indicators on this panel per- The if, output is taken f r o m the 30 MHz
form the functions listed in Table 2-4. The panel i s intermediate frequency stage. This signal i s sent
used during checkout and launch to manually control to t e s t equipment that evaluates and displays the
the airborne components. It is used in place of, o r characteristics of the incoming rf signal.
to augment automatic checkout by the Launch Com-
puter Complex. To enable automatic checkout, the AGC Output
switches on the panel a r e s e t to the AUTO position.
This allows the Launch Computer Complex to control The agc output is a dc signal that is propor-
the functions of the panel. Most of the status indica- tional to the input signal strength. These signals
tions a r e supplied to the panel via telemetry and/or a r e routed to display meters.
DDAS.
Pre-D Output
2-26 SATURN IB TELEMETRY GROUND STATION
The pre-d output is the down-converted
The Saturn IB Telemetry Ground Station, pre-detection signal which has a center frequency
located downstairs in the LCC, receives, decodes, of 450 kHz. The pre-d signal is sent to the tape
Instrumentation System
Section 11
Table 2-4. IU Measuring & Tracking Panel Control and Indicator Functions
(
Control o r Indicator Function
STATUS
MEAS RACK 602A408 ON indicator *Lights green indicating that 28 Vdc operating power has been
applied to Measuring Rack A408.
DDAS DATA VALID indicator Lights green indicating that the DDAS ground station
is synchronized with the input data.
RF DUMMY LOAD switch Switches the transmitter outputs to the Coaxial Termination
instead of the TM Antennas.
RF DUMMY LOAD indicator Lights green indicating that a command has been sent to the
Coaxial Switch to switch the transmitter outputs to the Coaxial
Termination instead of the TM Antennas.
RF SILENCE indicator Lights red indicating that power to all airborne transmitting
components has been disabled.
UHF-RF indicator *Lights green indicating that 28 Vdc operating power has been
applied to UHF Transmitter.
MEASUFUNG VOLTAGE
GROUND switch Controls 5 Vdc power to ESE recording and receiving equipment.
BUS switch Selects the input to the voltmeter. *The +6D81 position
monitors the airborne measuring voltage. The +6D80 (Saturn IB)
position monitors the ESE measuring voltage. The +6D810
(Saturn V) position monitors the ESE measuring voltage.
TELEMETER CALIBRATION , ,
MODE switch Selects the mode of operation for airborne telemetry calibration.
The INFLIGHT position allows the normal inflight calibration to
be performed on command. The PREFLIGHT position allows
telemetry calibration of individual airborne components to be
controlled manually from the panel.
Table 2-4. IU Measuring & Tracking Panel Control and Indicator Functions (Cont)
PREFLIGHT LEVELS switch During preflight calibration, selects the percentage of 5 Vdc to
be applied to F1 and F2 Telemeters. The CYCLE position allows
a continuously stepping voltage to be applied.
COMMAND pushbutton Initiates the calibration commands that have been selected by
the other switches.
MEASURING RACKS switch Controls 28 Vdc operating power to all Measuring Racks.
MEASURING RACKS indicator *Lights green indicating 28 Vdc operating power has been applied
to Measuring Racks A401 through A407 and A409.
TELEMETER CALIBRATOR switch Controls 28 Vdc operating power to the TM Calibrator and
TM Calibrator Controller.
TELEMETER CALIBRATOR indicator *Lights green indicating 28 Vdc operating power has been applied
to the TM Calibrator and TM Calibrator Controller.
AC 400 CPS CAL POWER switch Applies an ESE 115 Vac, 400 Hz signal to the Measuring Racks
for use in measurements calibration.
AC 400 CPS CAL POWER indicator Lights green indicating the ESE 115 Vac, 400 Hz signal has been
sent to the Measuring Racks.
TRANSMITTERS
F1-RF switch Controls 28 Vdc operating power to F1 Transmitter.
F 1 -RF indicator *Lights green indicating that 28 Vdc operating power has been
applied to F1 Transmitter.
F2 -RF indicator *Lights green indicating that 28 Vdc operating power has been
applied to F2 Transmitter.
S1-RF indicator *Lights green indicating that 28 Vdc operating power has been
applied to S1 Transmitter.
Table 2-4. I U Measuring & Tracking Panel Control and Indicator Functions (Cont)
P 1 -RF indicator *Lights green indicating that 28 Vdc operating power has been
applied to P 1 Transmitter.
TELEMETERS
F1-TM indicator *Lights green indicating that 28 Vdc operating power has been
applied to F 1 Telemeter.
F2-TM indicator *Lights green indicating that 28 Vdc operating power has been
applied to F2 Telemeter and F2 Mux.
S1-TM switch Controls 28 Vdc operating power t o S1 Telemeter and Slow Speed
Mu.
S1-TM indicator *Lights green indicating that 28 Vdc operating power has been
applied to S1 Telemeter and Slow Speed M w .
TAPE RECORDER
POWER switch Controls 28 Vdc operating power to the airborne Tape Recorder.
POWER indicator *Lights green indicating that 28 Vdc operating power has been
applied to the Tape Recorder.
READY TO RECORD indicator Lights green indicating that the airborne Tape Recorder's tape
i s at the beginning of the reel.
RECORD indicator *Lights green indicating that a record command has been sent t o
the tape recorder.
PLAYBACK indicator *Lights green indicating that a forward playback command has
been sent to the Tape Recorder.
Instrumentation System
Section I1
Table 2-4. IU Measuring & Tracking Panel Control and Indicator Functions (Cont)
i
Control o r Indicator Function
-
TRACKING
is sent to the SS/FM demultiplexer which, in effect, 2-29 SATURN V IU MEASUFEING STATION
reverses the function of S1 Telemeter. The SS/FM
demultiplexer supplies the 15 data channels and the The Saturn V IU Measuring Station, located
special service channel. The special service on level 27 of the VAB, monitors, calibrates, and
channel carries time correlation data for the switch- records all IU measurements. There a r e Measuring
ing functions of the Slow Speed Mux. This signal is Stations on other levels for the other vehicle stages.
sent through a special discriminator to detect the Each Measuring Station can handle its respective
switching data. The switching data and measurement stage of a vehicle in any high-bay position o r on any
data a r e sent on to the display and recording equip- LC-39 launch pad. The IU Measuring Station can
ment. receive the P1 telemetry rf link and the DDAS link.
The station also contains the RACS equipment to send
2-28 SATURN IB MEASURING STATION calibration commands to the Measuring Racks and
verify that the calibrated measurement is correct.
The Saturn IB Measuring Station, located in
the service structure, monitors, calibrates, and The functions of the station can be performed
records all launch vehicle measurements. The automatically by the Launch Computer Complex (see
Measuring Station has a receiver for each stage of the Figure 2-38). This computer can cause the RACS to
launch vehicle that will receive and demodulate that send calibration commands to the onboard measure-
stage's PCM/FM output and DDAS output. This ments. The P 1 receiver/demodulator will receive
allows the station to receive the PCM'data via the the measurements' calibrated outputs and furnish
DDAS or rf paths. The station also contains the them to the DDAS station in NRZ serial form. This
RACS equipment to send calibration commands to the NRZ digital data is broken down to the individual
Measuring Racks and verify that the calibrated measurements by the DDAS station. Selected meas-
measurement is correct. This technical manual will urements can be displayed on meters o r recorded on
describe only the IU functions of the Measuring Station. analog recorders. If the calibrated data is not at the
proper level, a printout of the erroneous measure-
ment is delivered.
Measurements that cannot be transmitted by
DDAS, that is SS/FM and FM/FM measurements, The Saturn V RACS equipment is physically
must be monitored and calibrated manually. This
different from the Saturn IB equipment but it per-
is done by using portable test equipment in the forms the same function.
launch vehicle, and calibrating each measurement
separately. This portable equipment is located at
2-30 SATURN IB REMOTE AUTOMATIC
the Measuring Station when not in use.
CALIBRATION SYSTEM (RACS) EQUIPMENT
The functions of the station can be performed The Saturn IB RACS equipment provides a
automatically by the SDS 910 Computer (see Figure means of manually performing the measurements
2-37). This computer can cause the RACS to send calibration. This equipment can select any channels
calibration commands to the onboard measurements, of the airborne Measuring Racks, and cause those
The P1 receiver/demodulator will receive the channels to be stimulated by a known input. This
measurements' calibrated outputs and furnish them function is normally performed by the Launch Com-
to the DDAS station in NRZ serial form. This NRZ puter Complex, but can be performed manually to
digital data is broken down to the individual meas- check out individual measurement channels.
urements by the DDAS station. Selected measure-
ments can be displayed on meters or recorded on The RACS equipment consists of two main
analog recorders. portions - the RACS Control Panel for commanding
the operation, and the RACS Display Panel for
The DDCS serves a s a reference for each observing the status of the Measuring Rack channels
measurement, It contains the voltage level that a s commanded from the RACS Control Panel.
each measurement should read when calibrated.
When the SDS 910 Computer receives the calibrated The RACS Control Panel has a calculator-type
data from the DDAS station, it compares this to the keyboard (see Figure 2-39) that enables rapid selec-
data from the DDCS. If the calibrated data is not at tion of individual channels to be calibrated. Keys in
the proper level, the computer delivers a printout the RACS section a r e depressed to select one or all
of the erroneous measurement. Measuring Racks to be subject to calibration. Keys
Instrumentation System
Section J.I
--------a--- 1
LAUNCH CONTROL CENTER
DDAS GROUND STATION Tape I
r( Recorder/
Reproducer I
J
-
I
I Lin~ - , Launrh Computer Complw
Re,ceiver s , , , Dtscrefe ESE Panel Displays
DRS-2A Analog Recordws
-- Q -
I
*+
VH F NRZ d
He1ix -
Antedna Central 4
Insfrumen- CI F
tatisn lnrerface
Faci1ity
Demodu- DDAS Analog
TRS-1
Vldeo
RF P1 IF
* Receiver .Pre-d
- Vldeo
From WF * UHF 1F
RF Rack Receiver Pre-d
RF Signal
aisplay Equipmeni
1
II
I Figure 2-35. Saturn IB Telemetry Ground Station Fmctional Diagram
Instrumentation System
Section I1
S-IVB, S-ll
and S-IC
Modules
VHF UHF
.................... ~ C O M M O N MODULE
1 ---------------1
1
Antennan Anknoa RF Signal
RF RF MoDuLE Display Equipment
i
II I 1
*
+
MODULE I
r"I
I I ib ,, rape
Recorder
I I (I *
I +-----I
I I I I
DDAS Carrier 600 kHz
from Vehicle I II I
i i i I
I II I
I B * UHF Analcg I
Receiver 1 TRI-1
I 0
Demodulated 1 I
Signal I NRZ , Q Analog
Recording
From CCS - II I
and
Ground
Display
Station I
PI Equipment
II * II
,a;yi:,s-llr Receiver
I
I. Modules II I
I "
I I . 7
II I
Multi- FI I p lRlG Analag
Attenu- -C '
Telemetry I Receiver I I I
ator coupler , i h F W M
RF Signal RF PAM PAM
Coaxial from f
Discrimi- II . , +Synchro- B. I
Vehicle -.
natan A X- Band nizer
F2
-)
I I I From
Receiver Discrtmi- 41
I
Telemetry 1 ,nator
I I I Component II PAM Analog I
Checkout 4 Decommu- *
I fator Special
I I Area I II I
Sew; ce Analog
I I I 51 c Channel w I
* Demulti- Discriminator
Receiver +' Analog
I I I i II plexer I
,
_I -----J L---------------
- - I I - - - - -
-1
Receiver
, Central
Bank Interface Instrumenf.qtion
1 Facility
, 4 I
IBM C
s . .
fi 2
. Analog
PIReceiver/ NRZ DDAS Analog Recorders
Demodulator DRS-2 and
Displays
-----
LEMoTE A u T o M A n c 1 Dig1tal
Data
CALIBRATION SYSTEM
(RACS) I
Measuring
Racks I
I
Digttal I1 Dlgltal
v Dlglfal
I
a
Digital
,!+a
via
Launch I
Commands RACS
control 1
Commands SDS 910
Computer
Data . Calibration
System
Computer
Complex I I (DDCS)
I
I RACS I
I Display
I
L----- 1 IBM C
P1 RF
Transmitter
I-
P1
NRZ DDAS Analog
F Receiver/
PCM/DDAS
Telemeter
600 HZ 3 Demodulator
DRS-2
* Recorders
4
Digital Digital
Commands Data
Measuring
Racks V
Via Digital Commands Calibration
Launch 4 Control
Computer
Complex
Discrete
Indications
7 -
RACS
Display
IBM C
in the CHANNEL section a r e depressed to select one 2 -31 DIGITAL DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM
channel o r all channels to be subject to calibration. (DDAS) GROUND STATIONS
Keys in the MODE section a r e depressed to select
the mode of calibration for the selected Measuring A DDAS Ground Station receives PCM data I
I
Rack channels. A rack o r channel setup e r r o r can from the airborne PCM/DDAS Telemeter and pro- \
be corrected by depressing the ERROR key and re- cesses this data into a form readily usable by other
entering the correct rack and channel information portions of the ESE checkout and launch equipment.
before depressing a mode key. The station is assembled in several configurations
to meet different input and output requirements.
Several different configurations a r e used a t the launch
As more than one RACS Control Panel can complexes t o support IU operations. Either all o r
be used at the launch complex, an I N USE indicator part of these launch complex stations nlay at times be
will light if the RAGS is in use, and will show used to support other than IU operations, but the
whether the panel being observed is in use (LOCAL) following discussion is limited to IU support functions.
o r another panel (REMOTE). The observed panel
is electrically disabled if the REMOTE indicator is
lit. General Functional Description
External
Receiver
-)
Registers
Vehicle
P1 Ground Stations
Transmitter
Synchroniza- - Quick
Launch
Computer
tion and
Correlation -
-
Look
Panels
(Placed at
Strategic Locations)
Complex
Vehicle
PCM/DDAS
600 kHz , Equipment
VCO
Magnetic
Tape
Data Discrete Data ESE Panel
Recorder/
Registers
Reproducer Indicators
u )
Digital-
Analog Data ESE ~~t~~~
4 Analog
Converters
* and Recorders
A
IBM C
The station is assembled with the necessary Again, the station is assembled to meet the particu-
receivers and input selector switching to meet the lar requirements. An individual station will provide
particular requirements. All stations contain a some, but not all, of the outputs listed below:
digital signal simulator for use in checkout and
setup of the station.
After the input data is put into NRZ format, a The computer interface unit will shift
it is fed through the synchronization and correlation parallel 40-bit words into the Launch
equipment. This equipment reshapes the input Computer Complex when the words are
signal, derives data address, and provides serial specifically requested by the Launch
and parallel data for use by the output devices. Computer Complex.
A magnetic tape recorder/reproducer may a The output registers shift all station input
be used with the station. This unit can be used to data into an external computer interface as
record an NRZ input signal for future playbacks. parallel 10-bit words for use by the Launch
The recorder/reproducer can also be loaded with a Computer Complex.
test tape and used a s input device to test the DDAS
station. a Quick look panels are placed at strategic
locations in the launch complex and allow
A DDAS Ground Station can provide several the operator to manually select and observe
forms of serial and parallel data outputs for use by any 10-bit PCM word, in both its digital and
the. Launch Computer Complex and visual displays. analog form.
Instrumentation System
Section I1
The four DDAS Ground Stations used to support ML Model DRS-2B (Saturn V) - This station
the IU at each launch complex a r e very different in feeds IU data into the Launch Computer Complex and
their uses. While these stations a r e referred to by furnishes discrete and analog signals to ESE consoles
model number, each one has been altered so that it in the ML. The station's only input is the 600 kHz
no longer has the exact configuration implied by the from the IU PCM/DDAS VCO which is demodulated by
model number. The four stations have the charac- a line receiver. Output registers, quick look panels,
teristics and uses explained below. data registers, and digital-analog converters a r e
used for output devices.
Launch Control Center Model DRS-PA - The
purpose of this station is to feed IU data into the
Launch Computer Complex and to furnish analog and
discrete data to recorders and ESE display panels. 2-32 LAUNCH CONTROL CENTER ANALOG
The station can receive a 600 kHz c a r r i e r with its RECORDERS
line receiver, or a previously demodulated NRZ
signal, and record this signal on an associated tape The LCC analog Recorders, located i n the
recorder. Output registers, quick look panels, data firing room record several hundred analog measure-
registers, and digital-analog converters a r e used for ments. As well a s being recorded on paper, these
output devices. measurements can be read i n real time from the
recorders. The recorders can be operated manually,
Telemetry Ground Station Model TRS-1 - o r automatically by the Launch Computer Complex.
The main purpose of this station is to furnish analog
and quick look outputs f o r use i n checkout of the The analog measurements a r e furnished to
Instrumentation System. The station can receive these recorders from the LCC DDAS Station. The
only a previously demodulated NRZ signal and uses measurements selected to be routed to the recorders
quick look panels and digital -analog converters a s a r e those considered vital enough to require visual
output devices. The station can also be used to check monitoring during launch. Most of the measurements
the validity of the outputs from the Launch Control pertain to the status of the IU but a few of them a r e
Center DDAS Station. readouts of ESE associated with the IU.
Instrumentation System
Section III
SECTION Ill
SYSTEM FUNCTIONS AND DATA FORMATTING
sends a HIGH o r LOW calibration command to the two units together a r e referred to a s the Calibrator-
Measuring Rack channel or channels being calibrated. Controller Assembly. The Calibrator selects the
The particular signal conditioning modules that may calibration signal level and selects the component to
be placed in these channels use the calibration modes be calibrated. The Controller furnishes regulated
in the following manner: power t o the Calibrator and also serves a s an inter-
face unit, routing and isolating all signals t o and from
DC amplifier - -- HIGH and LOW the Calibrator.
SI
* Transmitfer
u
TM TM
Antennu Atttenna
F1
* .t
Tmnsmitfar
Tape
Power
Reoorder
Divider
+ F2 h
* TmnsmRter
RF
Coupler
"hS wx iif ~ahl
*
Csaxial
Termination
RDSM I
- RUM-J
A - 2 -
RDM-K - t * (Not Used ESE
CIU on S-1U-2al
- . or 5-IU-2021
r- 1
Mpjdel 2743
I MUXi n
L--J~ - ' ~ ~
IBM C-C
iw Channels
Calibration
Calibration
---
I
I IBM C-C
I
i
Instrumentation System
Section 111
One signal through the telemetry o r DDAS Measuring voltage is supplied to F1 and F2
path causes the MEASURING RACKS indicator to Telemeters but is not used by these units.
show that power has been applied to Measuring Racks
A401 through A407 and A409. Another signal
The vehicle measuring voltage i s monitored
causes the MEAS RACK 602A408 ON indicator to
and returned to the ground by the telemetry and
light.
DDAS paths. It can be measured by the voltmeter
A command from the Switch Selector turns on the IU Measuring & Tracking Panel when the BUS
OFF the operating power to Measuring Rack A408. switch is in the +6D81 position.
This is done to conserve the airborne batteries. The
command is sent during flight, after the measure-
ments going through that rack have ceased to Ground Measuring Voltage
represent meaningful data.
The ground measuring voltage originates in an
ESE 5 Vdc power supply. This voltage is distributed
3- 7 MEASURING VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION
to measurement recorders and other instrumentation
AND CONTROL
equipment that use it a s a calibration standard voltage.
There a r e two different measuring voltage
The voltage i s controlled from the IU Measur-
systems, one in the IU and one in the IU ESE. Both
ing & Tracking Panel and can be measured by the
systems can be automatically controlled by the Launch
voltmeter on that panel when the BUS switch is in the
Computer Complex o r manually controlled from the
+6D80 position (+6D810 position for Saturn V).
IU Measuring & Tracking Panel. A voltmeter on
this panel will monitor the voltage of either of
these distribution systems. TAPE RECORDER OPERATION
Measuring voltage is sent to all Measuring During prelaunch checkout, the record and
Racks and distributed to all 20 channels in each Mea- reverse playback commands can be sent to the Tape
suring Rack. The measuring voltage is used by a c Recorder from the IU Measuring & Tracking Panel
and dc amplifier modules for signal biasing. AC through the Switch Selector. The indicators on the
measurement signals that a r e normally centered panel a r e lighted by status signals sent back to the
around 0 Vdc must be biased at 2.5 Vdc to place them ESE via PCM telemetry o r DDAS.
in the range acceptable by the telemetry equipment.
3-9 MEASUREMENT PATHS
The measuring voltage furnished to F2 and P 1
Mux is used a s amplitude reference pulses and a s Figure 3-9 shows all combinations of meas-
f r a m e identification pulses. urement sources, signal conditioning modules, and
Instrumentation System
Section 111
1U MEASURING B
TRACKING PANEL
IBM C-B
reset pulse to the LVDA to make a new 40-bit word Power Divider. This up-link signal supplies data to
available (see Figure 3-1 5). The four 10-bit words the transmit section and i s also demodulated for use
a r e furnished sequentially, in parallel format, to the by the Command Decoder. This audio signal is de-
PCM/DDAS Telemeter at a rate of twice each PCM coded by the Command Decoder and furnished to the
frame, o r 240 times per second. As the reset pulse LVDC/LVDA to initiate a variety of functions. The
from the RDM-K causes the 40-bit LVDA word to command verification output from the Command De-
change at the same rate, this gives a sample rate of coder is sent back to the ground station through PCM
240 times per second with each sample representing telemetry. Receiving station equipment compares
new information. the command verification signal to the command that
was actually sent to ensure that the proper command
3-1 5 COMMAND AND COMMUNICATION was received by the IU.
SYSTEM INTERFACE
i 2
8 3
1 g E
2 2
1 zs
y g
I 4%
I
1
I
I
Fi@;ure 3- 9. P/Zeasurement Routing Paths Functional Diagram
99/100
---------
EASURING DISTRIBUTOR A4
[ Data I
I IBM
Instrumentation System
Section 111
-
Measuring
Station
DDAS V k4 I
Umbilical
I 1
Automatic
Launch Ground 600kHz , I c,DDAS Link
Control & = Control 4 >.
Center 0- Station I
DDAS DDAS
I U MEASURING &
TRACKING PANEL
---
Trans- - Tele-
Trans-
Trans- + Tele-
I IBM C-A
Instrumentation System
Section III
Figure 3-14. Typical Instrumentation System to Launch Computer Complex Interface Functional Diagram
Instrumentation System
Section I11
3-19 RDM-K FORMAT though RDM-J has a ten-word capability, its output
may consist of only a few of these words. The output
RDM-K is a time-sharing device with one presentation is dependent on the internal programming
parallel word output a t a given instant. Refer to para- of the unit. Table 3-4 lists the word sequence of
graph 2-10 for a functional description. Even though RDM- J.
RDM-K has a ten-word capability, its output may con-
3-21 RDSM FORMAT
s i s t of only a few of these words. The output presen-
tation is dependent on the internal programming of the
The RDSM is a time-sharing device with one
unit. Table 3-3 lists the word sequence of RDM-K.
parallel word output a t a given instant. Refer to para-
graph 2-11 f o r a functional description. The output of
3- 20 RDM- J FORMAT the RDSM consists of 10 separate, parallel words,
with each word made up of separate discrete signals.
RDM-J is a time-sharing device with one These words a r e gated out to the PCM/DDAS Tele-
parallel word output a t a given instant. Refer t o meter sequentially, one through ten, a t a r a t e of one
paragraph 2-10 f o r a functional description. Even p e r PCM frame.
Table 3-1. List of F2 Mux Channel Configurations Table 3-2. List of P1 Mux Channel Configurations
- - I --
Process Dam
Submutine
I
L I - - - I
IBM c-A I
Figure 3-15. Computer Data Transfer Fuactimal Diagram
Instrumentation System
Section 111
3-22 PCM/DDAS TELEMETER FORMAT functional description. 'The output consists of the
signals from several tuned modulators mixed onto
The PCM/DDAS Telemeter i s a time-sharing a single wire. This unit i s not programmable.
device with an output of one digital bit a t any given
instant. Refer t o paragraph 2-12 for a functional Table 3-3. List of RDM-K Output Word Sequences
description. The output of the unit consists of a
repeating train of serial, digital data that, when r e -
constructed, makes up analog words, discrete events,
and digital words.
3-23 F1 TELEMETER FORMAT Table 3-4. List of RDM-J Output Word Sequences
2 2 X X X X
3 X 3
4 X X X X X 4 X X X
5 X X 5 X X X X
6 x x x x x 6 x x x x
7 X X X X X 7 X X X X
8 x x x x x 8 x x x x
9 X X X X X 9 X X X X
10 X X X X X 10 X X X X
11 X X X X X 11 X X X X
12 X X X X X 12 X X X X
13 x x x x x 13 x x x x
14-2 x x x x 14-2 x
14-3 x x 14-3
14-4 x x x x x 14-4 x x
14-5 x 14-5 x x x x
14-6 x x x x x 14-6 x x x x
15 15 x x
16 x x x x x X X X X X
N P? d In 9 h a, u. 0 - 0
- 7 2 2 2 2 7
9 m
2
'I Master Frame
IBM C
, I
SPECIAL SYMBOLS
GLOSSARY
AGCS: Automatic Ground Control Station.
ANALOG DATA: An electrical signal that is instantaneously
proportional to the measurement being monitored.
BPS: Bits per second.
DDAS : Digital data acquisition system.
DDCS: Digital data calibration system.
CIF: Central Instrumentation Facility a t KSC.
CIU: Computer Interface Unit.
DIGITAL DATA: A series of electrical binary data pulses that
represents a series of discrete signals, an
analog signal, o r information from a computer.
DISCRETE DATA: An electrical signal representing, by a voltage
level, either mode of a two-mode signal.
ESE: Electrical support equipment.
FR: Firing Room (Saturn V Blockhouse).
HZ: Hertz, cycles per second.
IP&C: Instrumentation Program and Components List.
IRIG: Inter -Range Instrumentation Group.
IU: Instrument Unit.
LWC: Launch Vehicle Digital Computer.
LCC Launch Control Center (Saturn IB Blockhouse).
LVDA: Launch Vehicle Data Adapter.
MF: Medium frequency.
ML: Mobile Launcher.
MUX: Multiplexer.
PAM: Pulse amplitude modulation.
PARALLEL DATA: A group of digital data pulses existing
simultaneously.
PCM: Pulse code modulation.
RACS: Remote Automatic Calibration System.
RDM: Remote Digital Multiplexer.
RDSM: Remote Digital Submultiplexer.
SCO: Subcarrier oscillator.
ss: Single sideband.
SSB: Single sideband.
TM: Telemetry, telemeter.
TMA: Thermal mounting adapter.
VAB: Vertical Assembly Building.
Glossary - 1
Instrumentation System
Glossary
GLOSSARY (Cont)
Glossary - 2
Instrumentation System
Alphabetical Index
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
Page Page
A DDAS
Configurations . . . . . ........ 78
AC amplifier module ........ .. 25 Equipment Description ........ 76
B-time operation .. .. 39
Electrical pick-offs ......
C
Coaxial Switch . . . . . .
Index - 1
Instrumentation System
Alphabetical Index
...
ALPHABETICAL INDEX (Cont) . .
Page Page
Frequency ............... 8
..........
Frequency response 6
Launch complex equipment General ................. 6
Description ............... 61 Pulse Code ............... 8
Interface ................ 62 Single Sideband . .
.......... 8
Techniques ............... 6
LCC Analog Recorders .......... 78
Multiplexer. F2
M Construction .............. 34
Format ................ 98
Master Measuring Voltage Supply Function . . . ............. 34
(See Five V Supply) Purpose . . . ............. 34
Measuring Station 0
Saturn IB ................ 70
Saturn V ................ 70 Oscillator assembly. Model A-3
(See Telemeter. F2)
Measuring Voltage . ..... ....... 88
Oscillator assembly. Model B-1
Modulation (See Telemeter. F1)
Accuracy ......... .... 8 ...
Instrumentation System
Alphabetical Index
Page Page
RDM Telemeter. F1
Construction .............. 39 Construction .............. 47
Format ................ 106 Format . . .............. 110
Function ................ 39 Function . . .............. 47
Purpose ................ 39 Purpose . . .............. 45
System Operation ........... 96
Telemeter. F2
RDSM Construction .............. 47
Construction .............. 40 Format ................ 110
Format ................ 106 Function ................ 47
Function ................ 40 Purpose ................ 45
Purpose ................ 40
Telemeter. PCM/DDAS
Recording. airborne . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Construction . . . .. ..... 41
Format . . . . . ........... 106
Remote Digital Submultiplexer Function . . . . . ........... 41
(See RDSM) Purpose . . . . . ........... 40
System Operation .......;... 96
RF Assembly
(See Transmitter) Telemeter. S1
Construction .............. 54
R F Coupler . Format . . .............. 110
Function . . .............. 54
RF Equipment ................. 10 Purpose . . .............. 54
RF Transmission Components . .
Index .3
Instrumentation System
Section ID
Page Page
Telemetry Transmitter. F2
General ................ 1 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57. 58
Links .................. 95 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57. 58
Paths .................. 95 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57. 58
Power Control ............ 87
Transmitter. P1
Telemetry Calibrator Power and Control Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58. 59
Assembly (See TM Calibrator Controller) Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58. 59
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58. 59
Telemetry Ground Station
Saturn IB ............... 62 Transmitter. S1
SaturnV ................ 69 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57. 58
Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57. 58
TM Antenna ............. Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57. 58
TM Calibrator Transmitter. UHF
Construction .............. 33 Construction .............. 59
Function ................ 33 Function ................ 59
Purpose ................ 33 Purpose . . .............. 59
Index .4