Chapter 3 Historical People and Terms August 24, 2006

1. John Calvin
• Religious leader from Geneva
• Elaborated Martin Luther’s ideas
• Wrote “Institutes of the Christian Religion”
• Believed God was all-powerful and all-good and humans were wicked
• Believed in predestination

2. Anne Hutchinson
• Mother of fourteen children
• Carried to logical extremes the Puritan doctrine of predestination
• Claimed holy life was no sure sign of salvation
• Claimed the truly saved did not need to obey God or man
• Claimed she had a direct revelation from God
• Banished from Bay Colony
• Set out for Rhode Island

3. Roger Williams
• Salem minister with radical ideas and an unrestrained tongue
• Hounded his fellow clergymen to make a clean break from the Church of England
• Challenged the legality of the Bay Colony’s charter
• Denied the authority of civil government to regulate religious behavior
• Banished from the Bay Colony; fled to Rhode Island
• Built a Baptist church
• Established complete freedom of religion
• Sheltered the abused Quakers

4. Henry Hudson
• English explorer
• Ventured into Delaware Bay and New York Bay in 1609
• Ascended the Hudson River
• Hoped to find the Northwest Passage
• Claimed land for the Dutch

5. William Bradford
• Leader of the Pilgrims
• Chosen as governor thirty times

6. Peter Stuyvesant
• Dutch director-general that led a military expedition against the Swedes

7. William Laud
• Reactionary Archbishop of the Puritans

8. Thomas Hooker

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Chapter 3 Historical People and Terms August 24, 2006

• led expedition to the Hartford area

9. William Penn
• Converted to Quakerism
• Secured a grant of fertile land from the king
• Established Pennsylvania

10. John Winthrop

• Became Massachusetts Bay Company’s first governor
• Attorney and manor lord in England
• Believed he had a “calling” from God to lead the religious movement

11. King Philip (Metacom)

• Massasoit’s son
• Put together an pan-Indian alliance
• Coordinated assaults on English villages

12. John Cotton

• Prominent among early Puritan clergy
• Emigrate to Massachusetts to avoid persecution for criticism in England
• Devoted learning to defending the government’s duty to enforce religious rules

13. Sir Edmund Andros

• English military man
• Established headquarters in Puritanical Boston
• Generated much hostility by his affiliation with the Church of England
• Cubed town meetings
• Laid heavy restrictions on courts, press, and school
• Revoked all land titles
• Taxed the people without the consent of their representatives
• Enforced unpopular Navigation Laws an suppressed smuggling

14. Gustavus Adolphus

• King of Sweden
• Carried the torch for Protestantism

15. William and Mary

• Newly enthroned Protestant rulers
• Dutch-born

16. Massasoit
• Wampanoag chieftain
• Signed treaty with Plymouth Pilgrims
• Helped celebrate first Thanksgiving

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17. Fernando Gorges

• Attempted to colonize Maine
18. Myles Standish
• Pilgrim (not separatist) that rendered indispensable service as an Indian fighter
and negotiator

19. Martin Luther

• German friar
• Nailed protests to Catholic doctrines to the door of Wittenberg’s cathedral (1517)
• Declared the bible alone was source of God’s word
• Launched the Reformation

20. Michael Wigglesworth

• Clergyman
• Wrote “Day of Doom” in 1662

21. Squanto
• Wampanoag Indian
• Learned English
• Was kidnapped by English

22. The “elect” – the souls which were chosen at creation to be destined to eternal bliss

23. Franchise – church going men and women who voted in provincial election

24. Predestination – the theory that all souls’ destinies are determined at creation

25. Freemen – adult males who belonged to the Puritan congregation

26. “Visible saints” – those who believed they were the “elect” and lived life saintly

27. Conversion – experience in which God revealed to the elect their heavenly destiny

28. doctrine of a calling – calling to do God’s work on Earth

29. covenant – promise

30. antinomianism – claim that truly saved did not need to follow God or man’s law

31. sumptuary laws – repressive laws

32. salutary neglect – relaxation of laws on the colonies

33. passive resistance – rebelling without aggression

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Chapter 3 Historical People and Terms August 24, 2006

34. “City Upon a Hill” – belief that the Puritan colony was full of purpose and the
covenant they had with God to build a holy society