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Quality Standard of Kenaf

and Allied Fibers


Quality variables
„ variety
„ agronomic practice

„ retting

„ soil conditions

„ geographical area
Kenaf harvesting

„ Fiber quality best at flowing stage


„ retting
„ water retting
„ dry retting

„ ribbon retting
Chemical Properties
Ash α- Hemi- Lignin (%)
(%) Cellulose cellulose
(%) (%)
Bark 5.5- 53-57.4 NA 5.9-9.3
8.3
Core 2.9- 51.2 NA 17
4.2
Whole 2.1- 47.3- 31.5- 4.7-
plant
6.5 57.3 38.4 16.13
Other physical characteristics
„ Flexibility „ Kenaf fiber is stiff and
„ fineness less elastic than jute
„ length „ due to its chemical
„ diameter content (higher lignin
and non-cellulose)
„ moisture content
„ tenacity
„ rigidity, resiliency
Grading of kenaf fibers

„ No grading system available


„ Small holders
„ Characteristics
„ color, uniformity, strength, cleanliness
„ lustre

„ free from retting defects and pest attack


Classification of roselle fibers (Thai)
Grade Min. Color Softness Min.Impurit
length (m) y(%)
Supper 1.50 Shiny white, free from Very soft 1.0
any hard speck, root, or
top end
A 1.50 White, entirely free of Soft 1.5
hard root or top end,
some hard specks
B 1.25 Grayish white, no hard Moderate 2.0
top and up to 10 cm soft
hard root ends
C 1.0 Dark Slight soft 3.0
D Any Dark Harder 5.0
than C
Cutting 0.15 -- 5.0
Special
Ordinary any -- 5.0
Jute grading system

„ White jute: white/cream white


„ tossa: golden/red
„ grower has little knowledge about grading
„ tops, middles, bottoms, B-bottom, x-
bottom
Jute classical grading system
„ India Standard Institute - grading standard
for commercial market
„ a scoring system based on
„ strength

„ defects

„ root content

„ color

„ fineness

„ density
Bangladesh Jute grading
„ 6 categories: Special, A, B, C, D, E,
„ properties
„ linear density (tex)
„ tenacity (gm/tex)
„ breaking extension (%)
„ work of rupture
„ bundle strength (pressly index)
„ bursting energy (gmcm/tex)
Strength Defect Max. Color Fineness Density Total
Grade Root Score
Content
(%)
W1 Very Free from 10 Very Very fine Heavy (100)
good (26) major and (33) good (5) bodied
minor defect (12) (2)
(22)
W2 Good Free from 15 Good Fine Heavy (85)
(22) major and (28) (9) (2) bodied
minor defect (2)
(22)
W3 Fair Free from 20 Fairly Fibers Medium (69)
(18) major defect (24) good well bodied
but some (7) separated (1)
loose leaf and (1)
few specks
(18)
W4 Fair Ave. Free from 26 Fair Medium (54)
(14) major defect, (20) average bodied
specks, and (4) (1)
sticks (14)
W5 Average Free from 36 Averag (39)
(10) major defect (16) e
(10) (3)
W6 Average Free from root
46 (16)
and sticks (4)
(12)
W7 Weak 57 (12)
mixed (3) (9)
W8 not suitable for any of above but of commercial value
For example
Grade Diameter (µ) Breaking extension (5)
Mean Range Mean Range
BW 43.01 31.6-57 0.96 0.50-1.50
Special
A 45.26 31.6-57.2 0.94 0.45-1.40
B 41.07 32-55.2 0.93 0.45-1.45
C 39.93 28.8-59.6 0.91 0.50-1.40
D 36.2 29.6-56.8 0.85 0.40-1.40
E 45.58 31.2-61.6 0.89 0.40-1.40
Color Description
Term Color description
White jute Tossa jute Daisee jute
Very good Light cream to Golden to Reddish
white reddish white
Good Cream pink to Reddish to Reddish to
brownish white brownish white brownish with
some light grey
Fairly good Brownish to Reddish or Brownish or light
reddish white brownish with grey
with some light some light grey
grey
Fairly average Brownish to light Light grey to Light grey
grey copper color
average Grey to dark grey Grey to dark grey Grey to dark grey
Who needs it?

„ traders
„ end users
„ environmental agencies
„ quality control
End Users
„ Plastic industry-length, diameter
„ Polymer composite-property stability and
consistence
„ GPEC 2007, variance of natural fibers is
the biggest problem and difficult to control
if they come from different sources
„ May not be good for structural matrials
„ Plastic industry -biocomposite
Quality standard

„ Physical properties
„ Chemical properties
„ ISO 9000
„ Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MSDS

„ Identification
„ Health Hazard Data
„ Physical Data
„ Firs and Explosion Data
„ …

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