WATER PURIFICATION

NATURAL SOURCES OF WATER

• Water from natural sources contains

impurities. These impurities are dissolved
gases, microorganism, decaying dan
dissolved substances, suspended particles
and wastes.
NATURAL SOURCES OF WATER
Source Contents in water
Rainwater - Natural water that is clean compared -to other water
- Contains dissolved gases and little dust
Wells and springs - Quite clean, originates from groundwater
- Contains dissolved substances and microorganism
rivers water - Contains dissolved gases, minerals, decaying substances,
mud
and microorganism
Pond water -Contains dissoved and decaying substances, mud and
microorganism.
- Pond water is stagnant. It is dirtier than river water
Sea Water - The dirtiest of all natural sources of water.
- Contains dissolved substances especiallu sommon salt
It is too salty for human consumption.
Water purification

• Natural water contain a lot of impurities

and is not suitable for drinking
• Therefore, water must be treated before it
is used for drinking purposes. Water can
be treated in the following ways;
• (a) Filtration (c) Chlorination
• (b) Boiling (d) Distillation
Methods of water purification
Filtration
ƒ Filtration removes the suspended solid particles such as clay and
sand in the water.
ƒ The The filtration process can be carried out by using sand
particles as the filter. This system uses layers of fine sand, coarse
sand, small stones and pebbles.
ƒ The liquid which goes through the filter is called the filtrate and
the solid material remaining on the filter is called the residue.
ƒ This method of purification usually does not remove microorganism
and dissolved materials from the water. Therefore,filtered water is
unsafe for drinking
Methods of water purification
Boiling
ƒ High temperature during boiling kills most of the microorganisms in
water.
ƒ This method can only supply a small amount of water for drinking.
ƒ However , boiling does not remove suspended particles and
dissolved substances in the water

Chlorination
ƒ In this method, chlorine is added to water. The chlorine kills
microorganism in the water.
ƒ This method is used to treat large quantities of water
ƒ However, too ,much chlorine in water is bad for health
Methods of water purification
Distillation
ƒ The distillation of water produces pure water. This
water is free from microorganisms, dissolved
substances and suspended particles.
ƒ Pure water that is produced through distillation is called
distilled water.
ƒ Distilled water is used in the preparation of chemical
solutions in laboratories. It is also widely used as
battery water.
ƒ Distilled water is not suitable for drinking, because it
does not have any dissolved minerals that our body
needs.