The Nameless Mind

The Nameless Mind
http://www.thenamelessmind.com/
This document was last modified July 6, 2010.
Contents
Abstract 5
1 Human Model 7
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2 Four Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.3 Mind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.4 Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.5 Communication Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.6 Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.7 Secondary Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.8 Primary Feedback Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.9 Human Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.10 Four Levels Revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.11 Willpower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.12 Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.13 Model’s Ability to Explain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.14 Human Model Plus Other Theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.15 Final Thoughts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2 Personality 35
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.2 Yin and Yang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.3 Balance of Personality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.4 Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.5 Introversion and Extroversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.6 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.7 Final Thoughts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3 Love 46
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.2 Two Tasks and Two Genders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.3 Gender Equality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.4 Yin and Yang Harmony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
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4 CONTENTS
3.5 Stage 1 and Parental Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

3.6 Stage 1 and the Opposite Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.7 Stage 2: Romantic Human Touch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.8 Stage 3: Sexual Intimacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3.9 Common Misunderstandings of Stage 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.10 Summary of Stages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3.11 Bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.12 Two Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3.13 Why Three Stages? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.14 Cause of Selfishness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3.15 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
3.16 Final Thoughts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Index 79
Abstract
I propose that human beings are made of many distinct components. I have
developed a precise theory about these components for which evidence is
most likely presently unobtainable, but I hope that neuroscience will one
day be able to confirm or reject my ideas. This abstract is a summary of
that theory.
The components of human beings are four levels and one thing I call
the mind. Each level processes information from the world more than the
previous. The first, the body, interacts directly with the world. The second
level consists of both raw encoded information from sensory organs and the
final signals to muscles. The fourth and last contains the categories in which
raw sensory information can be stored in the third.
The mind is the glue that unifies the human being. Among its many
jobs, it receives feedback from the levels. Each level sends feedback based
on certain needs. For example, the first level, the body, will tell the mind
whether or not the stomach needs food. Since the mind receives constant
feedback from all levels, it has the information necessary to govern the com-
munication that occurs between the levels to cause the correct amount of
food to be in the stomach. The details and complexities of the feedback
from levels and of the communication between them are covered thoroughly
in my ideas.
In nature, there are often cycles with two opposing forces that are each
necessary to accomplish the end goal. Evaporation and precipitation of the
water cycle is an example. I use the words Yin and Yang for these forces,
and I restrict their meaning to refer only to the two opposing forces of a
cycle.
It turns out that, according to my ideas, there are four different commu-
nications that the mind governs. Within these four, there are two Yin Yang
pairs. The way that Yin and Yang balance is different for each individual,
which partially explains why people can be extremely different. In hopes
of developing a complete theory of the big picture of human beings, I have
worked out the details of how and why the mind balances these forces.
Yin and Yang as I define them also describe the opposing forces of (1)
the feeling which need to satisfy and how to satisfy it and (2) the satisfying
of that need. Yin and Yang cycles work best when the Yin and Yang are sep-
5
6 CONTENTS
arate yet work together. For example, if you imagine a water cycle in which
precipitation occurs immediately after evaporation, you are not imagining
a water cycle at all since the two forces are not separated. The evaporation
needs temporal and spatial separation from precipitation so that the water
can distribute itself over the Earth. Nature separates the Yin and Yang cy-
cle of satisfying needs by making the two sexes each better at accomplishing
one half of the cycle. There are stages in which the two forces can recombine
as all Yin Yang pairs must do. The first stage involves romantic attraction.
The second involves romantic touch. The third and last involves sexual inti-
macy. As I explain, each of these three stages is necessary to allow the Yin
Yang cycle to be fully completed, and I explore the many intricacies of the
stages.
Explaining theory I have just summarized is the core motivation of all my
writings of human beings. This explanation is completely scientific in that
it is intended to be investigated with scientific experiment at some future
date. Although I will at times give consequences of the theory assuming the
theory to be true, please do not interpret my writings about human beings
to be a guide on how to live. I am by no means arrogant enough to think it
is my place to offer such advise. I give applications that either result from
or are consistent with my ideas mostly to show that the implications of my
ideas do not have absurd consequences. If you do not like theoretical science
and the goal of creating a self-consistent framework that can explain all of
human behavior, you will not enjoy my writings and may misinterpret their
intentions.
Chapter 1
Human Model
1.1 Introduction
To begin my discussion of human beings, I want to state my goal: to under-
stand humans better. I intend to create a scientific theory to help me under-
stand human beings. There are many ways, scientific and non-scientific, to
understand humans better, and all of them should be employed. However,
I will only focus on a very specific scientific topic. I will focus on unifying
fundamental psychology. I will create a model of how a human being op-
erates as a whole. This model is imperfect as all theories concerning the
real world are, but theories are still useful in spite of their imperfections.
Theories about humans are particularly useful since they directly pertain to
us.
By fundamental psychology, I am referring to psychology in its most
pure form that has not been diluted with other disciplines such as counsel-
ing, evolution, forensics, law, industry, philosophy, etc. I am referring to
the topics of emotion, memory, cognition, personality, sexuality, etc., and I
am referring to the attempt to coalesce our ideas about them. Psychology
has already developed many theoretical models of particular aspects of hu-
man beings. Fundamental psychology differs in that the goal is to integrate
already existing theories, as well some new theories, to create a single big-
picture understanding, not of any specific aspect of a human being, but of
the whole. Holistic understanding is crucial because all parts of a human
being are interconnected. There is nothing wrong with current theoretical
models, and I do not intend to replace them. I only want to show how they
are connected.
Although I am integrating psychological theories, I have no intention of
naming all of those that are consistent or inconsistent with mine. I desire
to paint a self-consistent picture of the inner workings of the human being
from scratch. For this reason, anybody—not just a select few in the world
of academia who are familiar with current theories—can completely under-
7
8 CHAPTER 1. HUMAN MODEL
stand my ideas. However, I will refer to current theories as necessary, and

this will be rare.
As theoretical physics provides a fundamental understanding of the ob-
servable world, I hope to provide a fundamental understanding of human
beings, a goal I consider to be somewhat unique in the realm of psychol-
ogy. Theoretical physics helps many fields. Engineers use it in countless
ways, philosophers are often concerned with its new implications, chemists
appreciate its insight into electron orbitals, and biological phenomena such
as the neuron are awesome manifestations of it. Similarly, I hope my theory
of human beings to be equally relevant to philosophy, research on the brain
(neuroscience), and providing people tools to making better decisions in life,
but I will not make discussing these subjects my primary goal although I
might find it helpful to discuss them at times. For my ideas, neuroscience
will play a very special role in that it is the only way to prove them. The
infinite possible applications and manifestations of theoretical physics are
by no means readily apparent from the study of the laws alone. In the same
way, many awesome phenomena occur in human beings due to the specific
manner through which human beings have evolved and lived, and I hope to
mention many of these phenomena, but my fundamental goal is to provide
the tools needed to understand why they can occur.
Much current scientific progress is wonderful and highly exciting but is
mostly limited to the realm of that which is immediately provable through
experiment. This limiting is the most productive path to take in a world of
ever increasing data and ever increasing demands for immediate progress,
but we must be sure to not limit our worldviews to the point that we only
see the small world that science can prove, instead of being wrapped in awe
by how little science has yet to understand. Many terrible conclusions are
reached because people fail to recognize the limits of their knowledge. For
instance, some “scientists” believe that the female orgasm has no purpose
much like the male nipple. Female orgasm is a topic far too complex for
current provable science to completely understand. By revealing patterns
in nature that have, until now, been hidden, I hope my theories expand
one’s worldview to include the notion that science is shining nothing but a
weak flashlight into the cavernous truths of reality. But of course, I also
hope that these patterns can one day be proven and improve the realm of
provable science.
Unlike science that is experimentally driven and immediately provable,
a science that is theory driven is string theory of theoretical physics. Usu-
ally, such absurdly theoretical pursuits as string theory are not welcome in
science, but string theory attempts to accomplish a task so large (fundamen-
tally explaining the entire universe) that it cannot be ignored. Even though
string theory could very easily be incorrect, it is science in that it employs
the first few steps of the scientific method by observing the world and then
making hypotheses that hope to be someday verified. These steps are what
1.1. INTRODUCTION 9
I wish to employ in my study of human beings. My ideas are theory driven,

but hopefully not as absurdly theoretical as string theory. Although I make
some guesses as to how my theories can be proven in the future, please un-
derstand they are only guesses and have little relevance to my larger goal of
creating a single self-consistent theory that explains the fundamental make
up of human beings. I used string theory as my example—instead of some-
thing like astrology—because string theory has the goal of someday being
proven experimentally and thereby completing the final steps of the scien-
tific method. Although some people speculate that string theory will never
make falsifiable predictions, this does not affect its goal. Astrology, however,
does not even have the goal of making precise predictions that can be tested
and verified. In a way similar to string theory (but without all the math
and extra dimensions), I intend for my theory to someday be proven exper-
imentally or perhaps modified so that it is correct based on experimental
evidence, and I posit the theory to motivate experimental investigation.
I keep mentioning theoretical physics because I find its progress beauti-
ful. At one time, there were separate theories for heat, sound, the orbits of
planets, light, etc., but classical physics explained that all of these phenom-
ena result from the same simple mechanics and forces. Further unifications
are often occurring. Each of which has provided new insights and predic-
tions never before imagined. Fundamental psychology is not unified, but
I want to unify it the same way that theoretical physics has been unified.
However, unlike physics, I do not expect the unification of fundamental psy-
chology to produce any unimagined prediction simply because each of us are
examples of psychology and are therefore deeply familiar with it. We are
not innately familiar with the orbits of planets, which is why using New-
ton’s laws to explain Kepler’s observations is profound. Perhaps my quest
to unify fundamental psychology is unique only because it is useless, which
is why string theory was a good choice for an example because it too could
very well be useless even if it is true. However, in the chapters “Personality”
and “Love,” I hope to introduce some completely new ideas, and these new
ideas will actually have some real applications.
My approach will be to divide human beings into their fundamental
components and show how these components work together to explain ev-
ery human action. These components will be very general. For instance, the
body excluding the nervous system will be a single component and no more
detail will be given about how it works. But, since the body’s organs are
unimaginably complex, can I ignore this complexity and say that I under-
stand humans? Well, I cannot, which is why I do not claim to understand
humans. I only claim to understand the big picture of humans, in the same
way that theoretical physics understands only the big picture of real phys-
ical occurrences. In any big picture, details of a component are irrelevant
and only the unifying purpose of a component matters. I certainly hope no-
body criticizes me for not describing the utter complexity of human beings.
My goal is the exact opposite! I want to show how the vast complexity of
human beings gives rise to a simple big picture, and I welcome criticism on
how I meet this goal. Some of the components of humans also involve many
complex brain structures, but I leave the task of describing these struc-
tures to the neuroscientists similarly to how theoretical physicists leave the
task of understanding the complexities of real occurrences to experimental
physicists.
A major cause of misinterpretation of what I write is thinking that I
am writing about subjective instead of objective reality. My pursuit to un-
derstand human beings in terms of their components is purely objective.
All humans subjectively perceive the world, and I am not suggesting that
I am an exception as some meanings of objective would imply. I am only
saying that, once reality has been perceived by me, I use what those per-
ceptions say about the world around me to come up with my theories. I
have noticed that objective and subjective reality are often confused, espe-
cially when talking about human beings (rarely when talking about physics,
which concern objective reality). Many people fiercely desire to understand
humans, but they will find my ideas completely uninteresting because I have
no desire to discuss subjective reality in these pages. Certain philosophers
focus on subjective reality as do most poets, but I do not, so please do not
criticize my ideas simply because they are not about subjective reality. Sci-
ence, in general, is concerned with objective reality. Some people who prefer
objective reality would say that subjective preferences are manifestations of
an objective reality, and some subjective people would say that objective
reality exists only inside one’s subjective experience. People will say these
things to show why one outlook should be preferred over the other. Para-
doxically, while under the commonly made assumption that the objective
world exists, both of these views are good because the two worlds, external
and internal, are interconnected. The difference between these worlds lies
in the goal they hope to achieve. Unlike subjective claims such as “humans
are birds free to soar the realms of thought,” objective claims are meant to
be verified factually, which is why I will try to make precisely defined ideas
presented as formally as necessary to prevent ambiguity.
I want to quickly say that I hope that no one has problems with me using
anthropomorphism when discussing the components of a human being. Even
though I try to use a reasonably formal tone, I cannot help myself from often
speaking as if the components of a human being are themselves conscious.
If I were to say that a components knows something, I am only suggesting
that the component contains information and not that the component has
a brain that has the ability to know.
In this chapter, I will begin my analysis of humans with a simple scientific
model of human beings, hence the name “Human Model.” After I explain
this model, I will use it in later chapters to explain fundamental phenomena
that human beings experience and can be observed doing. The model in its
1.2. FOUR LEVELS 11
most simplistic form is this: the components of all human beings have the
purpose of processing information obtained from their external environment
in order to alter that environment to assist survival. I will explain the
components of human beings extensively culminating to a diagram. All
sufficiently complex life has all the components in this diagram, and all
life has at least a few of the components. The specific manifestation of each
component may differ between species (e.g. humans are unique in their great
enjoyment of music), but the general theory I am laying down can be used
to understand any life that is sufficiently complex, perhaps even insects.
However, to make my life simpler, I will focus my attention on humans
unless I explicitly talk about other species.
1.2 Four Levels

Human beings consist of four what I will call levels, which I will call Level
1, Level 2, Level 3, and Level 4. Many of these levels can be imagined to be
different types of memory. Level 1 is the body. More specifically, every part
of the body except the nervous system. The body contains muscles, skin,
and sensory organs. If thinking of Level 1 as a type of memory, it would have
zero duration. Level 2 contains real-time information such as vision, body
position, and the current motor signals being sent. Like the body, Level
2 has no duration or memory, but, unlike the body, it contains encoded
information. The synapses of neurons that connect to muscles and sensory
organs form the boundary between Level 1 and Level 2. Level 3 contains
learned information, any type of learned skill, or any type of information
that could be learned for a nonzero duration. Lastly, Level 4 is a memory
with duration similar to the duration of Level 3, and probably has longer
duration. This memory does not contain information directly and should
be thought of as information about information because it categorizes Level
3 memories. Level 4 holds within it one’s understandings of the world and
one’s beliefs. Level 2, Level 3, and Level 4 are contained in the brain.
Each new level contains information that is more processed than the
previous. These four levels are not completely arbitrary. After describing
my entire human model, I will explain why I have created four of them.
As for a more detailed understanding of the contents of each level, this can
only be obtained after discussing the communication that occurs between
the levels, so be patient. In fact, patience will be required for some time
while I build some basic ideas.
1.3 Mind
Human beings, in addition to having four levels, consist of what I will call
a mind. The mind could also be called the soul, heart, spirit, Susan, ad
nauseam. A name does not alter the idea attached to it so it can be changed
or discarded without great harm. In fact, to fundamentally understand
something, all connotations of the name assigned to it must be forgotten.
What I call the mind is truly nameless.
The mind is what regulates the body’s metabolisms, controls reflexes,
controls the autonomic nervous system, regulates hormones, governs com-
munication between the four levels, creates emotion and mood, and does
more that will be discussed in “Personality” and “Love.” Basically, the
mind regulates everything that needs to be regulated.
One task of the mind is to govern communication between the levels.
This communication is that which takes the memories of one level and
changes the memories of the next or previous with them.
There are six distinct communication types. Two are trivial and are
involved with the communication between Level 1 and Level 2. The mind
does not need to govern this communication because it is either a mere
physical interface of a sensory neuron or a mere synapse to a muscle.
The communication types between levels 2, 3, and 4 require constant
guidance from the mind because they are very complex. In fact, commu-
nication between these levels will not occur if the mind does not direct it.
Nomenclature will be useful when referring to these four communications.
I will label them as Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. For the pur-
pose of creating a useful notation for the chapter “Personality,” it is best
to apply these labels in the following manner: Type 1 and Type 2 apply to
communication between Level 2 and Level 3, and Type 3 and Type 4 apply
to communication between Level 3 and Level 4. The type with lower num-
ber will refer to communication to a level of higher number, and the higher
number will refer to downward communication. Following these rules, we
have Type 1 being communication from Level 2 to Level 3, Type 2 being
the opposite of Type 1, Type 3 being communication from Level 3 to Level
4, and Type 4 being the opposite of Type 3.
At this point, I have four levels and four main communication types. Do
not be worried thinking that I will create more elaborate and tedious ter-
minology. My fun with creating systems of nomenclature is almost finished.
Also, do not yet be worried by my lack of evidence. I must first provide the
entire big picture of my human model before hoping to prove it.
1.4 Communication
The mind’s task of governing the four communication types is somewhat
analogous to a CPU running a video game. Just like a CPU, the mind can
only govern so much, which means that there is an optimum level of activity
to keep everything working and working smoothly. The mind will keep the
sum of activity relatively constant as it focuses on particular communica-
1.4. COMMUNICATION 13
tions just as a busy CPU will. However, emergencies often increase the sum
of activity, and boring situations decrease it. Although the mind can focus
attention on specific communication types, it can never stop one communi-
cation type completely. In fact, the communication between all levels almost
always occurs to a substantial degree so that no level is left “in the dark.”
Being “in the dark” is fatal because a human being is a dynamic whole in
which every part must always contribute. For a video game to operate, the
CPU must process the calculations required for the video display, sound
outputs, controller inputs, etc., and it must do this without leaving out a
single function, or the game cannot be played. The analogy ends here as
the mind is very different from a CPU!
The four communication types create each of the many types of intelli-
gence. In fact, I define intelligence as the four types. Luckily, this definition
agrees with the common definition very well, except that my definition is
more precise. Unlike the common definition of intelligence, I do not con-
sider emotional intelligence to be true intelligence (we will later see that
emotional intelligence is formed by what I call secondary feedback). Intel-
ligence is the ability of the brain to make the proper connections between
contents of the highest three levels. I will call intelligence that is unaffected
by the actual contents it is connecting hereditary intelligence. Hereditary
intelligence contrasts what I call measurable intelligence, the intelligence
that can be observed when hereditary intelligence employs actual memories
or information. Hereditary intelligence is determined almost exclusively by
genetics. All of a person’s experiences reshape the brain to make it func-
tion more intelligently, but hereditary intelligence is just the brain’s ability
to reshape itself. Measurable intelligence is what the four communication
types increase and is increased by experience. Type 3 and Type 4 directly
increase it, and Type 1 and Type 2 are crucial aids.
The intelligence of each species is “preprogrammed” to take certain
forms. For example, the human ability to create language is an intelligence
that almost always develops to some degree (forming sentences belongs to
Type 4). This language can form of sign language or speech, but language
will form. Another example is the intelligence required to appreciate mu-
sic (music belongs to Type 1). All healthy humans can appreciate music
to some degree, while it appears that no other species can do this, except
maybe birds, but they appreciate music in a completely different way. Mu-
sical intelligence is preprogrammed into humans in a way that occurs in no
other species.
I have found no reason to believe that a person’s hereditary intelligence
usually affects intelligences unequally. I speculate that the development of
measurable intelligence in certain fields is what primarily makes it seem
that people have a specified hereditary intelligence. Certain mental tasks
can be rewarding for certain people depending on their environment and
upbringing as well as many other factors that direct one’s passions. Of
course, some families can genetically be better at certain mental tasks, and
these situations are the exceptions.
1.5 Communication Details

The most important idea to understand about the four communication types
is that all intelligence is formed from communication to and from Level 3
and that this communication terminates at the final states of information
processing in the brain. If one calls the final state of information before it
interacts with the world Level 2 and if one calls the final state of information
processing by human brain Level 4, the assumption that there exists a Level
3 that is a “half-way point” between them should unambiguously define
levels 2, 3, and 4 and unambiguously define four communication types. If
the assumption is correct, this section’s attempt to make these definitions
should work beautifully.
The communication between Level 1 and Level 2 does not directly create
intelligence, but it allows the four communication types to do so. Nonethe-
less, I should describe it in detail to provide a complete picture. The com-
munication that starts the rest is from Level 1 to Level 2. This communica-
tion encodes physical stimuli creating many senses: vision, vestibular sense
(balance), audition, smell, and taste, as well as the somatosenses of touch,
kinesthesia, and organic senses. Many of these senses are rich in information.
Touch and taste are good examples. Touch can perceive pain, temperature,
pressure, etc., and taste can perceive salt, sweetness, bitterness, sourness,
umami, and most likely many more. The opposite communication (from
Level 2 to Level 1) is composed completely of motor signals activating mus-
cles, and the activation of muscles (whether the muscles are voluntary or
involuntary) is composed completely of this communication.
Communication between Level 1 and Level 2 is trivial in that all com-
munication between Level 1 and Level 2 is automatic. Type 2 always causes
muscles to move, and stimulus to Level 1 always causes the affected sensory
organ to send signals. The only exception is when there is damage to the
interface between nerve and body. None of the other communication types
are automatic in that they need to be governed by the mind.
Type 1 is composed of the initial processing of the senses. Everything
that is perceived is perceived because of Type 1. This processing can be
extensive as it includes the perceptions of patterns in sounds, which creates
music awareness. The processing also consists of vastly complex visual pro-
cessing. Type 1 can be thought to be taking the initial sensory data and
running it through successive filters, tests, and refinements. The end result
of Type 1 is information that can potentially be stored in Level 3.
Type 2 is composed entirely of actualizing motor signals. Type 4 provides
Level 3 with the movements to be performed, and Type 2 performs them.
1.5. COMMUNICATION DETAILS 15
There are many movements to perform such as focusing and moving the eye,
minute movements for balance, complex movements with the hands, and
movements to create speech and sub vocalizations. To differentiate between
movements that are learned from Type 4 and movements being preformed
by Type 2 communication, Type 2 involves allowing the body to move in
a fundamental way that it could always move (e.g. the elbow can bend),
while movements learned with Type 4 involves ordering the fundamental
movements.
Type 2 is not as simple as a keyboard that Type 4 uses to cause motion.
Type 2 involves fine tuning the inputs from Type 4 to meet the current
external and internal environment and preventing conflicting movements
from occurring. Whenever Type 2 occurs, Level 2 contains the information
of which body parts are moving in which way as well as the position of those
body parts, and Type 2 uses this information to alter its movements so that
the position of the body matches the position Type 4 has intended for it.
Much of Type 2 involves coordinating movements in a way that expresses
state of mind to others (state of mind will be precisely defined later, but
it can be thought of as emotion for the moment). All bodily movements—
voice, gestures, etc.—can do this. Smiling, tensing the body when angry,
and laughing are specific examples of how Type 2 expresses state of mind.
These expressions are universal because smiling is not a learned activity, but
it is the result of an inbuilt system in which the mind provides Type 2 with
its state and Type 2 knows how to act upon that information. Expressing
one’s state of mind is very important as it creates a universal means of
communicating. Playing music, singing, and dancing are wonderful things
to learn because, among other benefits, they allow Type 2 to express one’s
state of mind.
Type 3 is what works hard when trying to understand my human model.
Type 3 is able to take any memory that is currently being recalled by Type
4 or being sensed from Type 1 and find patterns in it. I, like all people,
have interacted with many humans, and I have seen patterns, and the final
analysis is this human model in which I categorize human functions and
parts.
Finding patterns is synonymous with creating categories, and these cat-
egories are what comprise Level 4. Other words used to describe these cat-
egories are ideas, abstractions, and concepts. A related group of categories
can be called a scientific model, a philosophy, or a theory. These categories
help a person to define one’s world and oneself.
Sometimes, categories made by this communication are very general and
categorize a large portion of one’s Level 3 memories. Philosophical thought
as well as much scientific thought has the goal of creating more general
categories such as the love, human, mass, and photosynthesis categories.
There are many forms of love, mass configurations, life forms performing
photosynthesis, and humans, and Level 4 is not bothered since it does not
need to store every type of mass or every person into its categories. It must
simply create the category.
Although hierarchies exist in which some categories are subsets of oth-
ers, no hierarchies exist innately in the brain. That is, each category only
contains Level 3 memories and contains no categories. A general category
such as human can contain Level 3 memories of Africans or children that
trigger what are thought to be subcategories, but are actually new categories
(Type 4 is what causes the contents of one category to trigger the accessing
of other categories).
Not all categories are general. An example of a very simple category is
the apple category, which probably contains all sorts of sensory data about
apples as well as the word apple. The what-happened-just-now category is
another example of a narrow category.
As for what determines which categories Type 3 will form, Type 3 finds
connections between information in many ways, and finding these connec-
tions is what takes work. Certain tests are performed to determine which
categories to make, and, because the these tests are most likely extremely
complex, I can only provide the general idea. Type 3 looks for coherence
within its categories. In forming an apple category, the coherence is merely
that the images, senses, and words that are each of food, crispness, juici-
ness, etc. stored in the apple category happen to be experienced in a small
temporal and spatial interval.
More complex tests for coherence are preformed. If a person sees a movie
with flying pigs, Type 4 will put this information in the movie-just-watched
category and Type 3 will then process this information to determine if a new
category should be made that consists of flying pigs. It will probably first
notice that the pig category could very well already be the category, but the
pig category will soon be rejected as there is most likely ample contradictions
if it were to be put there since pigs do not fly. A new category must be made.
Theoretical physics is a great example of a complex task Type 3 must
do. Finding patterns in the laws of physics is possible when Type 3 forms
its categories. To give a detailed description of what happens in the brain
when doing theoretical physics would take endless work, but the brain has
awesome power and can do very complex things very rapidly whether or not
we understand the specifics of how it works.
Type 4 is what directly allows a person to plan his or her day, read these
words, do elementary arithmetic, etc., and it does this by recalling informa-
tion. If a person is sitting in history class and hears Napoleon mentioned,
Type 1 will place this into Level 3. Type 4 will then search Level 3 for a
Napoleon. Accessing the French history category will provide a likely first
match. More matches will be made within French leaders, military leaders,
etc. that are found as a result of the first match as Type 4 analyzes the con-
tents of French history and accesses categories that have the same contents.
The search will continue until the mind is sure that Type 4 has satisfied its
1.5. COMMUNICATION DETAILS 17
desire for information. This recalling process occurs very quickly as many
paths can be walked simultaneously within the brain.
Type 4 determines which category or categories some Level 3 information
goes into. In the movie with flying pigs I mentioned earlier, Type 4 would
put images of flying pigs in the movie-just-watched category because this is
an obvious match, but, if Type 3 creates a flying-pigs-are-real category, only
then can Type 4 put the images of flying pigs into that category. Type 3
tests for coherence in currently recalled Level 3 information to form a Level
4 category, and Type 4 tests for the best Level 4 category to put Level 3
information.
Recalling information helps Type 2 and Type 3 directly. For Type 2 to
throw a ball, Type 4 must first locate the Level 3 memories that can direct
the throwing of the ball. For Type 3 to test theories, Type 4 must often recall
appropriate memories to be analyzed. Type 4 also is strongly interconnected
with Type 1. In order for Type 1 to be useful, Type 4 must recall what is
being sensed. Level 3 is like a hard drive that has much information, and
this information can be changed or accessed only when Type 4 operates.
The task of remembering is ironically accomplished by trying to recall
information. Type 4’s only task is to recall information. For instance, when
trying to memorize the formula for the volume of a sphere, Type 4 will
place 43 πr3 into the category volume of a sphere by trying to recall it over
and over. As Type 4 stores memories, phenomena arise that are called
sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Each of these
phenomena belongs to Level 3 and results depending on the extent to which
the information has been recalled.
Type 4 not only works to directly help other communication types, but
it can work for purposes of problem solving. Whenever a person is asked to
calculate something mathematically, Type 4 takes the-problem-to-be-solved
category and fills it with all relevant information until it can develop a plan
of action. A type of problem solving is developing a procedure for something.
A procedure is often complex such that contingencies branch out at many
points in the sequences allowing people to create flexible plans. Problems
are solved constantly such as putting words together to form an appropriate
sentence or planning what to do over the weekend. Likewise, categories are
created constantly by Type 3 such as the sentence about to be said and
what to do over the weekend, and Type 4 fills these categories.
The type of Level 3 memories—visual, auditory, kinesthetic, etc.—that
is favored by Type 4 is unique to how the person has learned to learn. Many
people can be equally skilled at learning using any means, while some people
have developed a brain that is filled with certain types of memories more
than others. There is probably no large reason for this other than an already
existing network of one type of memory will allow memories of that type to
be added easier than other types. Imbalances do not get too large as deficits
can be harmful.
The four communication types have now been described, but there is still
some other communication occurring directly to the mind. Communication
between Level 2 and Level 3 are uniquely intercepted by the mind so that the
mind can create involuntary reflexes, set sleep cycles based on the amount of
light the eyes perceive, detect pheromones, prevent motor movement while
dreaming, etc. This interception is another of the mind’s ways of exerting
influence over the communications. It occurs at the point closest to the
interface between Level 1 and Level 2 for practical reasons.
The four communication types have a large part in giving rise to high
levels of creativity (Type 4), analytic brilliance (Type 3), spatial visualiza-
tion (Type 4), playing sports, appreciating the arts, and many countless
other things. Human thought is amazingly and beautifully complex, and all
communication four types must work simultaneously. I have not yet begun
to scratch the surface. However, the overall structure of intelligence has
been completely described. There are four basic tasks: processing senses,
controlling muscles, forming categories of memories, and recalling memories.
There are also three levels that are used by these tasks: Level 2, Level 3,
and Level 4.
1.6 Feedback
As anything that governs must have feedback from what is governed, the
mind has feedback from each of the four levels. Without this feedback, the
mind would be blind. There are two types of feedback: primary feedback
and secondary feedback. Primary feedback is sent from every level, and
the need for it is obvious as the mind requires feedback from every level.
Secondary feedback is sent only from Level 3. The necessity for secondary
feedback is not immediately obvious, but I hope to show its importance
later.
The mind takes all types of feedback and creates what I will call state of
mind . When people stub their toes, Level 2 sends negative feedback to the
mind, and their states of mind become more unpleasant. When people are
well fed, Level 1 sends positive feedback, and their states of mind become
more pleasant. When a loved one dies, those who loved the recently deceased
will have negative feedback from Level 4 and their states of mind become
more unpleasant.
I use the term state of mind in a way different than common use just as
I use mind in a different way. I do this not to confuse people, but because
these are the least confusing terms I can conceive. State of mind often refers
to mental health including genetically caused chemical imbalances. When I
say state of mind, I am referring to a more specific state of the mind that is
the whole of the feedback from all the levels.
There are many common words used to describe certain aspects of state
1.7. SECONDARY FEEDBACK 19
of mind such as mood, emotion, feeling, pain, physical pain, pleasure, etc.
These words are very useful because they are more specific than state of mind
and because they might each be caused by different anatomical processes,
but all of these terms refer to the same thing: the mind’s reaction to feedback
from the levels.
The final term I wish to use is needs. The information sent during pri-
mary feedback is about whether or not the needs of the levels are satisfied.
Each level has certain needs that, when satisfied, help the survival of hu-
mans. Level 1 needs food because humans need food to survive and because
Level 1 can easily test to see of food is required. Level 3 needs skills because
humans need skills to survive (eating and chewing are skills) and because
Level 3 can easily test to see if skills exist. The feedback from levels is either
pleasant or unpleasant depending upon whether a need is met or unmet. As
will be seen later, secondary feedback is also pleasant or unpleasant.
A person’s state of mind is what directly guides the governing of levels 2
through 4. The governing is guided by the most powerful feedbacks, whether
they are pleasant or unpleasant. By taking all of the individual feedbacks
and processing them, the mind acts much like a supervisor in authority over
a team of people. The mind weighs the complaints and praise from each
of the levels and interprets its importance to the whole. The level with the
“loudest voice” often gets the mind’s attention. The mind can take feedback
from one level and alter another through level communication to benefit the
first, thus providing unity for the many parts of a human being.
As for how the state of mind guides the governing of the four communica-
tion types, this is extremely simple. Actions that increase pleasant feedback
or decrease any type of painful feedback are allowed to continue, and actions
that decrease pleasure or increase pain are ceased. The mind only contin-
ues actions and does not create them from nowhere as the mind, unlike the
levels, has no memory to show it which to create in certain situations. The
notion that the mind only continues actions based on the satisfaction of
needs means that one’s needs must be either extremely complex to be able
to guide the mind in every situation, or perhaps there is a better alternative.
In fact, secondary feedback is the better alternative.
Lastly, the mind not only alters how it governs communication based
upon its state, but it also creates hormones, neurotransmitters, and other
responses. Certain states of mind cause certain reactions. For example,
hungry people salivate and cold people get goose bumps.
1.7 Secondary Feedback

As I have said, the state of mind is what directs the governing of level
communications moment by moment. However, standing up to go to the
kitchen to eat a sandwich does not satisfy Level 1’s need for hunger. Only
eating the sandwich satisfies that need, so what guides a person to stand up
to go to the kitchen? Another mechanism is necessary to guide people down
long roads toward satisfaction, and secondary feedback is this mechanism.
As the mind governs level communication, information of its current
state is sent toward some (if not all) of the communication. This information
benefits Type 2 by creating responses such as smiles and laughs, and it also
benefits Type 4 by allowing it to store this information side by side with
memories in Level 3. Stored Level 3 memories, when accessed by Type 4
communication, send feedback to the mind of the state that is associated
with those memories. Secondary feedback is defined as this feedback. When
a person sees a juicy piece of fruit and if that person has always enjoyed
eating similar fruit, the process of recalling the memory of the fruit will
also recall the pleasant state of mind when enjoying that fruit, namely the
pleasant state of pleased taste buds and a full stomach. When a person
is nauseous, they will probably think back to the most strange and new
food item eaten recently, and, by thinking of a specific food that may have
caused the nausea, the food and unpleasant state of a nauseous stomach
will be stored together simply because the thought and feeling occur at the
same time.
All elements of state of mind such as pleased taste buds can be stored
and recalled, each of which contributes to two general states: fear and ex-
citement. Fear occurs upon the expectation of unpleasant or less pleasant
states upon recognizing that these painful states can result from one’s cur-
rent situation. Excitement occurs upon the expectation of pleasant or less
painful states upon recognizing that these pleasant states can result from
one’s current situation.
The mind is actively comparing one’s primary feedback from the lev-
els with secondary feedback. This comparison allows it to determine which
state—fear or excitement—to create. Seeing a juicy piece of cooked chicken
will only cause excitement if the person is hungry. This comparison also
allows the mind to put extra significance upon the specific need being sat-
isfied allowing that need to be completely satisfied. Having to urinate very
badly during the final five seconds of one’s dash to the toilet is an example
of a need becoming stronger when it is acted upon.
If a person requires food and thinks about a sandwich and this sandwich
brings back memories of satisfied hunger, then a person will become excited
as the remembered state of mind is better than the current need for food.
The notion to walk toward the sandwich is exciting because this plan of
action most definitely has the pleasant state of happy taste buds and happy
stomach associated with it. If one chooses to not get the sandwich (which
occurs when another need will be hurt more than the need for food is helped),
this excitement will disappear.
As I have mentioned, the states of fear and excitement as well as the
specific causes of the fear and excitement can be stored in one’s Level 3
1.8. PRIMARY FEEDBACK DETAILS 21
memory. This is beneficial as it better allows long paths toward satisfaction

to be followed. However, many unwarranted phobias result because of this
when people become afraid of their own fears. Seeing the feared object
often makes the problem worse as the object causes fear, and the fear is
remembered in addition to the old fears.
1.8 Primary Feedback Details

Each level sends primary feedback that corresponds to certain needs required
to be satisfied for people to survive. Every need, except the master need to
survive that includes every need, are one of two possible types. Many needs
are represented by the feedback of only one level. For example, Level 1, and
only Level 1, provides feedback for the need for food. These needs will be
described in detail. The other type of need will be discussed in “Love.” I
will call the one need that belongs to this category, the need for completion,
and many levels provide feedback in response to it.
I will now describe the feedback from each level starting at Level 1,
except I will ignore the feedback from the need for completion. Feedback is
very complex; many complex patterns must be recognized by a level before
feedback can be delivered to the mind. Discovering how the levels accomplish
this goal is not my purpose since I am not a neuroscientist. I only wish
to present the types of feedback to provide a big picture understanding of
human beings.
The feedback from Level 1 is like getting feedback from many gauges
around the body. The needs to pass urine, pass excrement, eat, drink water,
vomit, breath, sneeze, cough, maintain a moderate body temperate, yawn,
and sleep are simple needs that are either satisfied or unmet or anywhere in
between.
Level 2’s feedback includes pain from the skin, pleasure from a good
taste, pleasure from a tickle, discomfort from a bad smell, discomfort from
an itch, discomfort from a need to stretch one’s muscles, discomfort from a
tired muscle, pain from loud sounds or bright lights, etc. Unlike the feedback
from Level 1, this feedback is combined with the information in Level 2 to
give more information than a simple gauge ever could. From this feedback,
it can often be known where the pain or pleasure is or simply some quality
of the pain or pleasure.
Much of Level 3’s feedback involves the need to learn and perform skills,
which includes the need to be recognized and respected by others. Anger,
nervousness, boredom, and curiosity result from situations that require ac-
tion to ensure the learning or performance of a skill. In addition, the needs
for surprise and humor exist so that the skills learned will be diverse and
applied in diverse ways to allow humans to handle the many situations life
provides and so that unique information is learned instead of useless rep-
etition. The need to hear patterns in sounds (music) is also represented

by Level 3 since Level 3 is the only level that could possibly contain these
patterns. How the need to hear music contributes to survival is not obvious
at first, but music is a universal language that can communicate much that
would otherwise be difficult to express.
Much of Level 4’s feedback is based upon how well the need to benefit
humanity is satisfied. People will often try to help a subset of humanity such
as their community or a small group of their friends. In a modern world in
which we all interact globally, people can desire to help all of humanity or
even all of biological life. Ethics exists because of Level 4’s need for us to
help each other. To help build one’s identity, make useful partnerships, and
create teamwork, Level 4 encourages friends and community to exist. When
the Level 4 category of one’s own identity defines him or her to belong to a
group of friends with common goals, feedback from Level 4 is pleasant. If
somebody does not have common goals with the majority—a child abuser
for instance—he or she will be an outcast since nobody desires to belong to
anything related to him or her. Also, Level 4’s feedback includes sorrow,
guilt, hope, and the pleasure of having knowledge (knowledge is the well-
defined and useful categories in Level 4’s memory). Each of these helps to
build personal and group identity.
Some people question our need to help others as being counterproductive.
Everybody’s life is better if we do not need to constantly be worried about
people trying to injure and exploit us. Also, life is better when everybody
can work together. This can include all biological life, because if one species
is an aggressor and attacks needlessly, the other species will either learn
or evolve to attack the aggressor. There are some extremists (Nazis, for
instance) who intentionally injure or kill the weak for the goal of helping
evolution. Most people naturally desire to protect the weak because, if
a person were naturally inclined to make godlike decisions about whether
another person deserves to live or die, life would be needlessly difficult and
unproductive as we would be forced to justify ourselves to anyone who thinks
we should die. It is nature’s job to remove weakness from the gene pool,
not our own, even though preventing procreation between the particularly
weak can be necessary. Even if it seems there is a time that nature is not
doing its job of removing the weak, it is temporary. Even if humans can
become so technologically advanced that unrestricted population growth
poses no difficulty, but this will always end when either overpopulation places
pressures on one’s ability to survive or complexity of life places pressures on
one’s ability to have time to reproduce. The weak cannot withstand these
pressures.
Perhaps feedback from Level 4 is what often causes suicide. When a
person feels he is worthless and useless or is so ashamed of what he or she
is, the mind can come to feel that removing itself from the world is doing
the world and oneself some good. In this sense, suicide is simply another
1.9. HUMAN MODEL 23
expression for survival, except it is for the survival of the species. In times
of war when secrets must be kept, people do kill themselves to preserve
the secret, and this can sadly be the correct choice. Ideally, suicide is very
preventable in a modern world with knowledge of how to help people. A
suicide causes great pain to many people, and should ideally never have to
happen.
When I feel fatigued, I find it amusing to try to attribute the fatigue
to parts of my human model. Feeling sleepy is caused by feedback from
Level 1. Feeling of having tired muscles is caused by feedback from Level
2. There are many more types of fatigue that do not directly feedback, but
have many indirect effects. The mind’s emotions can often become fatigued
by stress, and thinking can leave the brain tired. Both of these occurrences
slow thinking and cause Level 3 to send feedback of frustration.
Even though my human model describes needs being represented by
distinct levels, I do not support the idea of a hierarchy of needs. Imagine if a
person never ate food, and you might be imagining a skeleton. Now imagine
a person who does not learn skills, and you are imagining a person unable to
acquire food and therefore could become a skeleton (remember that chewing
is a skill!). Similar reasoning can be used to show that each need must be
satisfied to survive. The human body is a dynamic and interconnected whole
requiring all of its parts to operate simultaneously. However, satisfying
the needs of higher levels seems to create a long-term investment in the
satisfaction of the needs of lower levels, and the lower levels have more
short-term effects, but this does not justify the idea of a hierarchy. Rather, it
justifies my idea of levels and the idea that higher levels contain information
that is more processed that the lower levels.
1.9 Human Model

My human model can finally be represented visually as seen in Figure 1.1
below. The four levels communicate with each other and with the world, and
this communication is represented by the four brown double-arrows. The
two blue single-arrows are the mind governing the communication between
levels 2, 3, and 4 and also depict the state of mind information relayed
to those communications. The four purple single-arrows represent primary
feedback. The red single-arrow contains secondary feedback. Lastly, the
green double-arrow represents the mind’s interception of Type 1 and Type
2 for purposes of creating reflexes, measuring light to set sleep cycles, etc.
One could also speculate that there is another component to this model
that I have not yet discussed, an immaterial component. When I am hurt,
there seems to be more happening than a mere chemical mechanism in my
brain trying to reduce the hurt in a manner similar to an antivirus program
trying to remove a virus. Perhaps this immaterial part could be thought
Figure 1.1: Human Model
to be Level 5, a level with memory of infinite duration. Level 1 could be

defined to include levels 2, 3, and 4 and to include the mind because these
are all parts of the body. For the sake of simplicity, I have said that Level
1 excludes the nervous system, but the nervous system is part of the body,
and a model could easily be constructed in which Level 1 was defined to
be the entire body. I say this because Level 5 may be similar to the body
in that the other levels and the mind are a part of it. As for the feedback
this level might give and what would determine the content of that feedback,
speculation on this as well all speculation about anything immaterial is most
likely far beyond the realm of provable science and sadly has no place here.
The simplicity of my human model can now be readily seen. In fact, one
sentence can summarize my most basic idea: information is processed from
the world in a series of steps from level to level while the mind guides each
specific part to do what is best for the whole. One might now wonder if a
computer is in any way humanlike. Computers process information from the
world in a series of steps, but, currently, these steps are automatic and do
not require governing by a central “mind” that receives “feedback” from the
components and then reduces or increases the activity of the components
every moment. A humanlike computer would have to have its functions
controlled by something other than mindlessly automatic software. Perhaps
quantum computers may someday be humanlike.
1.10 Four Levels Revisited

The main theme of this human model is that human beings process infor-
mation so that they can use it to better adapt to their environments for
survival. However, I then say that there are four distinct levels of processed
data. Why not three or six? Cannot these steps be broken arbitrarily into
as many subs-steps as desired? To some degree, the answer is that there can
be any number of intermediate steps. However, I have found the number
four to be ideal for many reasons.
At first glance, three levels seem ideal. After all, three provides ending
points for the four communication types. The first and last levels would
simply be the beginning and end of information processing, and the second
1.11. WILLPOWER 25
level would be where information processing works to or from as if this

level were a workbench. Type 1 and Type 2 would bring supplies to the
workbench and carry away final products, and Type 3 and Type 4 would be
involved with using the objects on the bench to build as if the third level
were a person using the workbench. Basically, Level 1 and Level 2 would
combine into this first level, Level 3 would be the second level, and Level 4
would be the third. If no problems are found with three levels, there is no
reason to make more.
However, the body excluding the nervous system should not be included
in the first of these three levels because it is uniquely different in that it
uniquely has nothing to do with information or its processing and therefore
gives unique feedback to the mind. Not only is the body unique, but making
it distinct helps to isolate the complex biology of Level 1 so that complexity
cannot confuse the discussion of other levels. Lastly, plants are Level 1 and
nothing more, and I want my human model to explain as much life as easily
as possible.
1.11 Willpower
According to my ideas so far, our actions are based upon a continuous cycle
consisting of level communication that is a response to the state of mind and
consisting of a state of mind that responds to that communication. Why
then can a person control themselves by suppressing certain thoughts or
behaviors as if their volition were outside of this cycle? Is their a problem
with my human model? The control a person has over themselves is only
another form of satisfying a need. For example, if a person does not believe
that certain jokes should not be found funny, and that person hears one of
those jokes that happens to be very funny, that person will most likely not
laugh because their need to not laugh (from Level 4) is most likely more
powerful than their need to laugh (from Level 3). There of course could be
some immaterial component of humans causing free will that exists outside
of this cycle, but a person’s volition is nothing but a part of the cycle because
it is caused by feedback from Level 4.
1.12 Evidence
As of now, I have provided little proof for my ideas. My ideas concern-
ing human beings can be tested in two ways: by examining others and by
analyzing modern research of brain function.
The first method to determine if a theory of mine is plausible is by
examining others exhibiting natural behavior. Once my theories have been
fully developed in later chapters, I have yet to encounter a phenomenon that
contradicts them. However tempting it is to say that this is proof, I cannot.
There could very well be thousands of human models that explain all human
action. This method can only disprove a theory and can never prove it. In
spite of this, this method has been the most useful as it very often shows me
when to alter my ideas. Self examination has also been a useful to tool, and
I certainly do not claim that self examination provides any form of proof.
Research of brain function is the other method, and it is the best, espe-
cially as knowledge of the brain increases. If areas of the brain are found
that are levels 2 through 4 and that are the mind, and if the communica-
tions between these areas are found to be as I described them, this would
be wonderful proof for my ideas. I have given some thought to this, and I
believe that I have discovered brain areas that are likely candidates for parts
of my human model. I only provide likely candidates, and I am not a neu-
roscientist, so please do not discount my ideas if my candidates are wrong.
I can only imagine how complex the brain is, and I wonder if humanity will
ever completely understand it. Perhaps many brain regions are responsible
for more than one task depicted in my human model with many tasks in-
terwoven. Regardless of great uncertainty, I still think that providing likely
candidates is beneficial.
Placing the mind and levels is my first step. By definition, Level 1 is the
body except the nervous system, so there is no difficulty placing it. Level
2 exists in the cerebellum, spinal cord, in much of the brain stem, and in
the afferent and efferent nerves from the senses and to the muscles (the
peripheral nervous system). Level 3 and Level 4 exist in the deep tissue
of the cerebral cortex. Perhaps the left hemisphere contains more Level 3,
and the right hemisphere contains more Level 4, but this pattern is often
reversed and can change upon removing areas of the brain. Lastly, the mind
is spread throughout the spinal cord, brainstem, limbic system, and basal
ganglia.
Placing the communication between the levels and between the mind
and levels is my second and last step. Communication between Levels 1 and
Level 2 occurs in the inner ear, retina, skin, muscles, etc. Type 1 occurs in
the outermost areas of the temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes. Type 2
occurs in the outermost areas of the frontal lobe as well as in the cerebellum,
basal ganglia, and parts of the brainstem. Type 3 and 4 occur within the
cerebral cortex and the frontal cortex.
Interestingly, I may have an explanation for brain waves. The mind
governing the level communication could be the source of some of them. The
rhythmic waves may result from the cycle of the mind acquiring feedback,
initiating action, acquiring feedback, etc. This is pure speculation, and a
completely biological cause may explain everything.
Neuroscience fascinates me, but it is not my goal to directly study the
workings of the brain. I feel I would spend too much effort for too little payoff
since so much is unknown. I believe that many lives must be dedicated to
neuroscience before significant progress can be made. Therefore, instead of
1.13. MODEL’S ABILITY TO EXPLAIN 27
giving novice explanations about why I have chosen the brain areas I have
chosen, I will change the topic.
Until evidence can be found for or against my ideas, I feel that the self-
consistency of my theories (especially in how my human model can be used
as described in “Personality”) and their simplicity are enough to entertain
my ideas until they are proved or disproved.
The method usually used for providing evidence is psychological exper-
iment. I do not use this because all of my theory’s predictions have al-
ready been verified. For instance, if humans remember their state of mind,
the existence of behavioral conditioning would be expected, but science has
verified conditioning extensively. If I wanted to understand the details of
conditioning more thoroughly, further experiment would be needed, but I
instead want to connect all the ideas that have been thoroughly explored
experimentally. Only the future of neuroscience can hope to prove such
ideas.
My main goal of building a model of human beings and discussing its
validity has now been accomplished and the chapter “Human Model” is
basically complete. The rest of this chapter is optional and has the goal of
showing how my human model can be used.
1.13 Model’s Ability to Explain

To this point, I have described the underlying blueprint that human beings
obey just as theoretical physics provides the laws that the physical universe
obeys. Just as there are countless consequences of the laws of physics, there
are countless consequences of my human model. I have given a few already,
and I cannot give them all, but I will try to give the most unique ones now.
A common notion is that we are made of both a conscious self and
an unconscious self and that the two are distinct and exist simultaneously.
This belief, depending on the specific definitions of unconscious and con-
scious, could be easily justified if my ideas were found to be true. A very
useful category in Level 4 is the self-monitoring category, which is used
by Type 4 to keep a constant log of one’s thoughts, actions, and feelings.
This self-monitoring category creates the conscious self. Since Level 3 is
the workbench of all four communication types, Type 4 can be aware of
any type of the four communications as it sorts through Level 3 memories,
allowing people to be conscious of all forms of their intelligence. Because
state of mind is communicated to Type 4, people can be aware of their state
of mind, which is how people can know if they are hungry, sad, angry, etc.
Being conscious of one’s state of mind requires that either the information
the mind sends Type 4 is very complex or that Type 4 is very complex. Per-
haps neither is complex and we can simply recognize our state of mind by
associating organic senses such as butterflies in the stomach with different
states of mind such as nervousness. All mental processes that do not enter
the self-monitoring category can be called the unconscious self.
Almost every parent on this planet has a way of talking when around
their baby children, and this is easily explained by my human model. As will
be discovered in “Love,” humans have a need to raise children. All needs
are associated with an emotion or feeling that is part of one’s state of mind.
The mind sends its state of mind to Type 2, so Type 2 will change the way
we speak unless we consciously try to prevent it.
Many have wondered why, at certain times when sleeping when the rest of
the body is resting and rejuvenating, the brain actively dreams. My human
model may give insight into why we dream, but this is only speculation
because there could be a purely biological explanation. I have said that
Level 3 long-term memories exist from continuously recalling the Level 3
memory with Type 4. Dreams may very well allow the mind to freely follow
paths chosen by feedback without the inhibitions caused by the immediacy
of waking life. These paths recall the information that the person most
truly desires to recall, allowing this useful information to be remembered
and accessed during waking hours.
Have you ever wondered why it is more difficult to tickle yourself than
to be tickled by someone else? There is little secondary feedback occurring
when people tickle themselves. When a person is tickled by someone else,
secondary feedback is very active as there are many remembered instanced
of someone else tickling sensitive areas unexpectedly. Because secondary
feedback always combines with primary feedback, the remembered states of
excitement and playful fear of not knowing when and where the other per-
son will tickle strengthen the sensation of being tickled. This strengthened
sensation is useful as it allows us to guard sensitive areas, and it also gives
rise to the common knowledge that tickling oneself is more difficult than
being tickled by others.
Yawns are known to be contagious. Attempting to discover the contents
of another person’s thoughts and emotions is very beneficial, and the brain
works hard to do this. When a yawn is observed, secondary feedback occurs,
which can cause a yawn.
There is a type of irrationality that my human model explains very easily.
Emotions affect one’s rationality. If a person wants to perceive something in
a certain way or to believe something, Level 3 and Level 4 will send positive
feedback if the desired perceptions or beliefs exist, which causes those per-
ceptions and beliefs to remain regardless of their truthfulness. So, unless a
person desires accurate perceptions and truth more than simply perceiving
and believing the easiest things, very irrational conclusions and perceptions
can result. There are many causes of irrationality since human beings have
finite brains, and understanding our limitations is very beneficial.
Poetry stirs the hearts of men and women. Writings from long ago
are often still as potent today as they once were because human emotions
1.13. MODEL’S ABILITY TO EXPLAIN 29
do not greatly change from generation to generation. The arts of poetry,

music, literature, theater, visual art, and dance each paint a picture in one’s
imagination that causes powerful emotions and thoughts. For instance, a
poem about love can show people what they desire in their lives and inspire
them to work toward those goals. But how do the arts help humans survive
as anything humans need must do? The arts first actively engage a creative
imagination, which occurs through Type 4. Type 4 then causes secondary
feedback to respond to Type 4. The benefits of this come when primary
feedback is compared with the secondary feedback, and the mind is pushed
to act or to change one’s ideas about the world with Type 3. Also, the arts
can cause primary feedback that shapes future secondary feedback. This is
why artists often have refined values and refined opinions on cultural, social,
and ethical topics. The core desire to see the arts originates from the Level 4
need to better oneself and Level 3’s need to expand one’s experiences. Strong
creativity from Type 4 and an actively working Type 3 allows for good art
because people need to encounter a wide range of experiences and ideas.
Sounds, colors, short descriptive stories, and many other things should all
be used artistically in every way possible.
The arts, especially music and dance, also use Type 1 and Type 2. No
single action of a human being is simple. Every part of a human is intercon-
nected, so every part must always be participating. A complexity involved
in understanding music is that, although music is directly enjoyed by Type
1, Type 2 can be the primary communication type used when listening to
it. The rhythms of music are prime fuel for Type 2 to express itself through
movement and dance.
The arts have thousands of other benefits such as helping to define a
culture, creating a means of passing moral structures from generation to
generation, providing a fun activity, allowing one to become more observant
of his environment, spreading knowledge, fueling creativity, etc. I believe
a main benefit of the arts is to accustom people to the vast complexity
of being a human and to make it more manageable by tackling all of a
person’s deepest passions. Some people ignore the arts (as well as any
other form of maintaining emotional health such as meditation and open
communication), but, as one can see with my human model, understanding
and developing one’s emotional responses would be very advantageous since
they are so crucial to our existence. For secondary feedback to respond with
inappropriate emotions is very harmful because every thought we have is but
a response to feedback. Fear and ignorance can grow in the thoughts of a
person who cannot respond with the correct feedback, and the arts attempt
to change this.
What is the survival advantage of playing sports? There must certainly
be some advantages, or else there is something seriously wrong with how
the needs of humans have evolved. Sports and games are wonderful learning
tools that teach in a safe environment. Sports and games can teach people
how to handle competition and unfair behavior and can teach goal setting
and discipline. Playing in teams can teach strategizing and management
skills. Many sports also provide means for building interpersonal bonds and
exercising. If there is a necessary lesson or major skill to learn in life, there
is most likely a game to teach it. As for many video games, these can excite
the imagination and inspire creativity. For these reasons, Level 3 and Level
4 both have their needs directly satisfied from games and sports. However,
in the case that people use games or sports to take the place of competition
and goal setting in the real world, the real competition should satisfy Level
3 and Level 4 more than the games, unless a deep unsatisfied need creates
an addiction to the games.
Employers can overwork their employees and neglect their need for fun
by having the incorrect idea that fun is the opposite of productive work.
According to my human model, the needs we have exist to aid in survival.
To say that our need to have fun has no place in the workplace is incorrect
because humans work best when all their needs are satisfied. Namely, when
people are having fun, they are thinking in more creative and diverse ways
allowing for more productivity. Fun is good, especially when one realizes
that the mind, like a CPU, can only do so much. If a person desires to have
fun, this can be the need for a break, which is beneficial because a mind that
is not overworked and has thoughts to spare can be much more creative and
therefore productive. Some people work far too hard and relax for too little,
especially when they are ill or have recently given birth or had a wife who
has given birth, and a wise employer would give ample time to relax, but, of
course, not too much time. Of course, neglecting responsibilities and only
having fun is also bad because both the need for fun and the need to be
productive should ideally be satisfied simultaneously even though this ideal
is not always possible to achieve.
The ideas of classical and operant conditioning that psychologists have
developed can also be easily understood using the ideas of secondary feed-
back and of the storage of state of mind in the long-term memory of Level 3.
If one understands that emotions are stored with recalled memories, all of
the results of experiments about conditioning can be predicted. For instance,
a person has the intelligence to determine cause and effect. When pain or
pleasure is felt, the person will think about the cause, so the state of mind is
stored with the cause and the environment because the person is thinking of
both. When the environment or perceived cause is encountered again, the
state of mind will occur again due to secondary feedback. The terms dis-
crimination and generalization used when studying conditioning can easily
be explained to be the result of people assigning specific or general events
to be the cause of their state of minds. The elaborate terminologies and dis-
tinctions made within the theory of conditioning are quite outdated since my
idea of secondary feedback is much more simple, fundamental, predictive,
and insightful.
1.14. HUMAN MODEL PLUS OTHER THEORIES 31
1.14 Human Model Plus Other Theories

Much cannot be explained by my human model alone. Other knowledge
is required. For instance, babies know to look into a person’s eyes. My
model cannot directly explain this. Perhaps babies have the fundamental
need to look at the eyes just as they have a need to consume food (this
is not unreasonable since babies have reflexes that adults do not have, so
they could have needs adults do not have), or babies could simply learn that
much useful information is found in the eyes. However, understanding how
the brain works through neuroscience can provide a more certain answer.
The brain can be thought to be many different compartments, each doing
a task. For instance, visual inputs go through many compartments that
search for various patterns. As humans have evolved, the compartments
that searched for the patterns that are most useful for survival, such as
patterns in a human face, lasted. The brain most likely has evolved to
easily interpret information from the eyes, making them intriguing to look
at as they are rich with understandable information even to a baby.
Understanding how genetics relates to my human model is very impor-
tant. My basic human model as shown in Figure 1.1 provides the boundaries
for genetic variation, meaning that, if a genetic code attempts to make an
intelligent being different from Figure 1.1, the code will fail and no intelli-
gence will be achieved. However, the details within my human model can
change. For instance, certain genetics can change one’s ability to have a
certain sensory input (sharks detect electromagnetic fields) or have different
feedback from a level (perhaps some psychopaths do not feel guilt). In fact,
on this planet, genetic variations are often very diverse within the confines
of my basic human model.
Combining a study of government with my human model can have great
results. If a person realizes that a government’s purpose is to help Level
4’s need to increase the pleasure for the most people possible, he or she
can begin to criticize certain ideas about how a government should be run.
If one were to imagine that numbers could be assigned to the pain and
pleasure spectrum, it seems obvious that Level 4 wishes to increase the
number obtained by (1) taking the sum of all pleasure in the world minus
all pain in the world from as many possible moments in time from the
present forward and (2) adding all these numbers together. The beautiful
idea of a representative democracy ruled by the people for the people has
been such a powerful and successful idea simply because a representative
democracy allows for the most satisfaction for the most people. Notice that
this definition does not necessarily specify human pleasure. Please note that
giving everybody cocaine does not increase their pleasure in the long term,
and therefore decreases total pleasure, which is partly why governments
do not insist that everybody use cocaine. Also, even though I say Level 4
wants to make everybody in the world happy, this does not mean that people
should not form countries and smaller communities, since local governing is
often the best way to increase global happiness.
Some people believe that the primary purpose of the government is to
protect our freedoms, but there are many other needs a human has as de-
scribed in my human model that are equally important. To rob a few people
of their freedoms to help the majority is good (prisons and government reg-
ulation, for instance, are often good), but it is only good if there is no
alternative solution. Nonetheless, one must be very cautious of a govern-
ment trying to remove freedoms as a corrupt government can manipulate
our freedoms away to give itself more power. Although there are times that
freedoms can be taken away, giving much freedom to all adults is the best
way to satisfy the majority’s needs (children should not have as many free-
doms). This is seen to be true when a law exists that removes the freedom
to do some activity that satisfies some basic needs. People then either do
that activity more or simply resist the alternative activity. Alcohol was once
outlawed in the United States, but the alcoholics who should not drink alco-
hol kept on drinking, which is partly why making recreational drugs illegal
is unwise. Also, when abstinence is taught, promiscuous people keep having
sex but are unsafe about it. Perhaps communism is the best example. When
the government removes one’s freedom to pursue any career in any way he
or she pleases, few people pursued anything at all. Humans are much bet-
ter off when the government is removed from people’s lives and gives them
the freedom to do as they please, especially in regards to religion and free
speech. In the case that people use their freedoms to cause harm, regulation
to prevent the harm is much easier when people can freely do the regulated
activity, because, without freedom, huge illegal networks that are impossible
to regulate will certainly exist. Wise people regulate themselves and reduce
their freedoms, and wise governments allow unwise people to do everything
but harm others.
There are many applications to increasing worldwide pleasure as the pur-
pose of government. Voluntary euthanasia and abortion (especially early-
term abortion) can be perfectly legal if there are no reasonable alternatives,
although many laws would be needed to govern it. Testing on animals to
the point of killing the animal can be good if done in the most humane way
possible, if many can benefit, and if there is no better alternative. Testing
on higher mammals such as humans in a way that kills the human could
be good if the human volunteers and there is no alternative. Forcing any-
body to die would cause widespread fear and distrust of the government, but
may also be necessary if a very extreme situation calls for it (most events
that lead to the death penalty have never seemed extreme enough to me
to justify killing). An extensive search for alternatives would of course be
required, but sometimes there is no alternative. Hitler, for instance, should
ideally have been assassinated. Another application to knowing the purpose
of government is that, especially in a modern world of great complexity,
1.15. FINAL THOUGHTS 33
people need regulation unless natural forces are sufficient regulation. Some
people view regulation as removing our freedoms, but regulation, when done
correctly, prevents people from removing the freedoms and pain of others.
Also, war can be acceptable when done in defense and done in a way that
does not humiliate and further anger the enemy but instead respectfully at-
tempts to understand them. Finally, the most obvious application is that a
representative democracy is clearly the most reasonable system for the need
of the people to be met.
Combining the theory of evolution with the idea of needs allows one to
see that one must often return to a natural balance to be healthy instead
of merely treating the symptoms caused by leaving that natural balance.
Human’s needs evolved in response to specific environments. Upon modern-
izing the environment, human needs can often be misleading. For instance,
humans desire to eat and drink highly processed foods that are not healthy.
Our evolving ancestors had few other ways to process food other than cook-
ing. We have no chance of being completely healthy unless we recognize
what our bodies truly need. Technology should never ignore how humans
evolved. Many corporations do not wish their government to be informed
about the negative effects of their products, especially the corporations pro-
ducing medicines, which often only treat the symptoms, and not the cause,
and which can make the cause worse. Although these medicines make us feel
better, we cannot trust our evolved needs to tell us whether or not modern
technology is helping us. We can only hope that the government regula-
tory agencies of food and medicine are not also profiting alongside of the
corporations they must regulate. Food should taste great since we evolved
to enjoy it, but great tasting food that is healthy is often more expensive.
However, healthcare expenses can easily be more than money saved by not
eating healthy food. Also, an investment in good food often helps more than
one’s health and can help the environment, future food sources, treatment
of animals, and quality of life for producers.
Combining the idea of neural networks with my human model can help
one understand why drug tolerance reduces in environments where people
have never used the drug. The mind accesses certain neurons depending on
the environment. Whatever inhibiting or exciting effects the mind has on the
level communication works only on the neurons in use, so only those neurons
change. In new environments that cause the use of different neurons, drug
tolerance can be lost.
1.15 Final Thoughts

The topic of human beings produces endless scientific questions. These
questions can be concerning anatomy, neuroscience, psychology, etc. Since I
am only focusing upon understanding the big picture of how humans operate,
I have some hope of answering this limited set of questions. I believe to

have mostly completed this task with my human model, but there are still
patterns of personality to be discovered and explained in “Personality” and
benefits of the existence of two genders to be contemplated in “Love.”
Even if, in the future, all scientific questions about human beings can
be answered, are we any closer to understanding human beings? Perhaps
the high goal of obtaining true understanding can only be met from direct
human interaction and from self awareness. Both of which, unlike science,
can uniquely reveal the utter complexity of humans. It is important to
understand the limits of scientific questioning so that science can be used
for the right reasons and given proper importance.
Chapter 2
Personality
2.1 Introduction
This chapter is about how certain opposing forces are balanced within a
human, a topic regarding only a specific aspect of personality. Personality
in general depends on many environmental and genetic factors, none of which
are the topic of this chapter.
Everything in this chapter is a logical consequence of the previous chap-
ter. Combining my human model with the idea that evolution chooses traits
that are most beneficial, I must simply discover the best way for the human
model to operate and then claim that this is how it must operate. Since the
operation of the human model is responsible for personality, this chapter
has its particular name.
This chapter, like the next, are best thought of as continuations of the
human model chapter. Everything mentioned about my goal of unifying
fundamental psychology still applies.
2.2 Yin and Yang

There are two relatively common words—at least within Eastern philos-
ophies—that I will use: Yin and Yang. Yin and Yang usually refer to
a pair of two complementary opposites. Black and white, introverted and
extroverted, night and day, and winter and summer are examples. The ideas
involved with Yin and Yang are abstract and philosophically deep. However,
I will focus on a small, easy to understand subset of Yin and Yang: that
which belongs to a cycle.
Whenever a cycle exists in which two opposites alternate, Yang is the
opposite that directly accomplishes the task of the cycle, and Yin is the
other opposite. A great example is the water cycle which is composed of
evaporation and precipitation. Precipitation is Yang because it directly
accomplishes the product of the water cycle as it directly distributes water
35
36 CHAPTER 2. PERSONALITY
over the surface of the planet. Evaporation is Yin because it is the equally
important opposite that allows Yang to occur. Breathing is another example
of a Yin Yang cycle. Exhaling is Yin and inhaling is Yang. Yin and Yang
can be said to be balanced when both Yin and Yang alternate to create a
strong cycle.
The Yin Yang symbol depicted in Figure 2.1 shows the intimate rela-
tionship between Yin and Yang. The black symbolizes Yin and the white
symbolizes Yang. The black dot in the white region and the white dot in
the black region symbolize how Yang gives birth to Yin and how Yin gives
birth to Yang. The symbol also shows how, for a balanced cycle to exist, Yin
and Yang must be both separate (e.g. evaporation must occur at a different
location than condensation) and connected (e.g. the evaporated water that
moves through space and time is the same water that will precipitate).
Figure 2.1: Yin Yang Symbol
The cycle consisting of feedback from the levels and of the governing of
level communication with that feedback is a system of Yin and Yang. The
feedback is Yin, and the governing is Yang. The requirement that Yin and
Yang be separated is why I believe at least some brain waves are the result
of this cycle. This Yin Yang system is not the topic of “Personality.”
The two Yin Yang cycles that will be considered in this chapter are what
I will call low communication and high communication. Low communication
has Type 1 as Yin and Type 2 as Yang. High communication has Type 3 as
Yin and Type 4 as Yang. The communication from a higher level to a lower
level is Yang because communication exists for the purpose of interacting
with the world.
The mind must organize these two Yin Yang cycles by having Yin and
Yang occur at different times. Type 1 cannot operate to its highest potential
when Type 2 is occurring to a high degree because the movement caused by
Type 2 causes Type 1 to collect more erratic sensory information. Likewise,
Type 2 is hindered when Type 1 desires a stationary body to focus on the
senses. Type 3 often disrupts Type 4 as Type 3 questions what Type 4 is
doing. For instance, while using Type 4 to study for an anatomy test, Type
3 can hinder the studying if it were to question whether or not studying
anatomy to be a doctor is the best life path to follow. Conversely, Type
4 prevents Type 3 from fully operating when Type 4’s continuous informa-
tion gathering prevents the information from being structured in the correct
way. This is often apparent in math classes where students will attempt
2.2. YIN AND YANG 37
to learn the steps to solving each type of problem instead of learning and
understanding the general rules with Type 3 (even the bright students will
do this). The former requires much work and gives few results, while the
latter requires less work and great results and innovative problem solving
can result.
Basically, for the mind to accomplish a Yin task to a high level, the
Yang task must suffer and vice versa. This occurs partly because, since
the mind can only do so much at a time, it must limit its focus on other
communication types to focus on a certain one. The main reason is that the
nature of Yin and Yang hinders both from occurring to a high level at the
same time.
On one hand, Yin and Yang must operate at separate times, but, on the
other hand, they must both operate simultaneously. Type 1 cannot occur
unless Type 2 is positioning one’s sensory receptors to the proper location.
Type 2 cannot occur for any substantial amount of time unless Type 1 pro-
vides feedback. Type 3 cannot occur unless Type 4 provides it something
to analyze. Type 4 cannot occur unless Type 3 is providing it a structure to
put information into. One will notice that the opposite communication type
acts only to support the main communication type. If the support acted
independently, there would be conflicting priorities. Another reason oppos-
ing communication types must act simultaneously is that ideally smooth
operation requires the presence of the opposite communication type at all
times so that smooth and even rapid alternations between Yin and Yang
can occur. If extreme care is needed for a particular communication type,
the opposite type will become greatly diminished. For instance, if a person
is told to look intently for a solution to a maze (Type 1), he or she would
most likely halt most body movement (Type 2). However, if that person
were to be casually looking, he or she will move more freely.
As is true for any cycle with Yin and Yang, the communication types
must be balanced. As just mentioned, to do Yin or Yang, the complementary
Yin Yang force must occur simultaneously. For instance, I use Type 3 to
come up with my ideas, but I need Type 4 to constantly recall information
for Type 3 to analyze. Finding balance is not to use Type 4 to collect more
information because this supports Type 3 directly. Balance is found by doing
something different that puts Type 4 in control. For instance, thoughts and
plans on how to share my written ideas in this document would balance
Type 3 since Type 4 would be in charge. Using Type 4 to learn to dance
would also provide balance even though dance and my ideas have little to
do with each other. The goal of balance is to help a person to be productive
in all the situations he or she must face rather than to be very productive
at one particular task.
2.3 Balance of Personality

The two Yin Yang systems are organized in a certain way that can differ
between people. This organization allows Yin and Yang to always work
harmoniously and is especially necessary because two Yin Yang systems are
naturally far more unruly than one. All that needs to happen to create this
organization is the existence of two modes of operation within the mind.
Each mode will use two communication types: one belonging to the high
communication and one belonging to the low communication. As a pair,
both modes will use all four communication types, and each mode will be
always associated with the same two communication types. I will call these
two modes Mode A and Mode B . Mode A is defined as the mind responding
to fear and pain to prevent harm to oneself. Mode B, on the other hand,
responds to excitement and pleasure toward pursuing anything beneficial.
Both modes attempt to move from a painful state to a pleasant state, but
each uses a different means: Mode A flees from pain and Mode B runs
towards pleasure. One is a push and the other is pull from the opposite
side. Therefore, there is no great difference in which mode is used to control
the same two communication types. Both modes have the same destination.
The modes develop so that, with alternating use, both systems of Yin and
Yang can be balanced.
I must point out that a person who is overly afraid of the world is not this
way because of preferring Mode A. The extent to which a person believes
an event can be harmful is due to one’s knowledge of the event (or lack of
knowledge of the event). However, once the fear is felt, Mode A will be
stimulated by the fear and Mode B will not.
I would also like to point out that fleeing fear and following pleasure are
not directly a cycle, so I do not call them Yin and Yang. The standard
less-precise definition of Yin and Yang would definitely allow it. My more
precise definitions might also allow it, but the cycle formed by using the
two modes is indirect and is directly caused by the Yin and Yang of the
communication types each mode uses.
In a completely mature human, each mode is associated with a high
communication type and a low communication type such that all four of the
communications are associated with a mode. Assuming this to be true, it
follows that there are four balanced states the mind that can be achieved.
Each of these balanced states allows the mind to, by using one mode more
than the other at certain times, prevent Yin and Yang from clashing. Having
four possible personalities is good because a variety of personality types
among a group of people helps each person to become specialized in unique
skills allowing him or her to be of greatest good to society.
Although there are only four resulting states that are balanced, there are
actually sixteen paths to those four states because four paths lead to each of
the final states. As a person begins to use the four types of communication,
2.3. BALANCE OF PERSONALITY 39
he or she begins to prefer Mode A or Mode B, to prefer the most preferred

communication type, and to prefer the second communication type to be
used for that mode. At this time, most likely long before puberty, the final
balanced state is predetermined. Perhaps much of what determines which
of the sixteen paths occurs in the womb.
The now more mature person will be learning to use the two communi-
cation types in the preferred mode and will soon want to develop the second
mode. The third communication type to become well developed is often is
the complement to the second preferred communication type. That is, if the
second communication type to be preferred was a high communication type,
the third communication type to be well developed is often the other high
communication type. This often occurs because the communication type
opposite of the first is unwanted because people rely heavily on the first and
its opposite type interferes with it.
I see a need to create nomenclature for both the four balanced person-
alities as well as the sixteen paths toward them. Even if the nomenclature
is never used by me or anybody, understanding why I choose a particular
nomenclature can help in understanding my ideas on personality. The six-
teen paths can be written as A13, A31, B24, B42, A24, A42, B13, B31,
A14, A41, B23, B32, A23, A32, B14, and B41. The letter denotes the
mode preferred. The first number denotes the first communication type to
be preferred, and the last number denotes the second communication type
to be preferred. As for the final four balanced personality types, they can
be written as extended versions of the sixteen: A13B24, A24B13, A14B23,
and A23B14. Nobody ever reaches a perfectly balanced personality, but the
ideal still exists. A balanced state has no preferences other than which com-
munication types belong to which mode, so the ordering of the characters
is arbitrary as long as the correct numbers are matched with the correct
letters. Note that, because of the order I have written the sixteen paths and
four final types, the first four of the sixteen paths correspond to the first
final type, and so on.
A more detailed discussion of the modes is now appropriate. The first
thing to understand is that the modes are not level communication. The
modes are tendencies of the mind. I am claiming that the mind has the
tendency to either focus on fleeing pain or focus on pursuing pleasure. When
it is doing the latter, Mode A is occurring. The former is Mode B. I have
no clue what particular brain mechanism gives the mind this tendency. I
am even uncertain whether or not a brain mechanism is required for the
tendency to occur.
Once the two modes exist, a human has no choice but to follow a path
towards a balanced personality by associating two communication types to
each mode. Since a human mind can be more productive if, when first
developing, it focuses itself rather than spreading itself too thin, one of
the sixteen paths will become preferred, and the two other communication
types will rarely be used because they interfere with the rest of the commu-
nication. The preferred high communication will always remain associated
with a certain mode because all of the skills and knowledge it develops have
been developed under that mode and would not operate very well under the
other mode. For instance, Mode A pushes me to use Type 3 to understand
personality so that my insights are not wasted. Mode B could cause me to
understand personality for the gain of knowledge, but my Type 3 would then
have to needlessly completely rearrange its goals and purpose. The preferred
low communication will then also remain associated with its mode because
the high communication will become structured in a way that depends on
the low communication and is fueled by it, so using the low communication
initiates the high communication and vice versa. Because they always work
together and tend to work together without Yin and Yang clashing, they
become quite the skilled team. I must point out that one of the two pre-
ferred communication types would be expected to be somewhat preferred
over the other because humans learn that focusing is better than spreading
oneself too thin. Eventually, the need to use the other two communication
types becomes strong enough that they will be used, but they will be used
by the other mode or else they will interfere.
I must clarify that both of the modes are able to produce feelings of fear
and excitement equally and produce feelings of pain and pleasure. Nonethe-
less, Mode A will produce excitement less often than Mode B and Mode B
will produce fear less often than Mode A. Considering Mode A for example,
the communication types associated with it will not benefit by producing ex-
citement because the excitement will not fuel Mode A, so excitement-causing
thoughts are not often created by Mode A.
An important point to make is that the mode being used has little to
do with how much fear or excitement is in a situation. For instance, if a
person is being robbed at gunpoint, he or she will not solely use Mode A
in this situation. Instead, the communication types that are most beneficial
for the situation will be used, which will determine the mode to be used. In
high stress situations such as being robbed, the mode can fluctuate quickly.
If Mode B is being used, one might think there is a problem because Mode
B will not respond to the fear. There is actually no problem because both
modes are two paths to the same destination. In the case of the robbery,
there is plenty of pleasure to be gained from not losing one’s life and being
as far away from the robbery as possible.
2.4 Evidence
Of the three basic steps of the scientific method—observing, hypothesizing,
and experimenting—I have accomplished the first two for my theory of per-
sonality. I have observed tendencies in people, and I have hypothesized a
2.4. EVIDENCE 41
likely explanation that explains these observations and that works beauti-
fully well with my human model. As for experimental proof, the best of it
is unattainable to me as sufficient technology and knowledge for complete
brain mapping does not exist, but perhaps someone has already observed
mutually exclusive processes for fear and excitement.
To devise an experiment that does not require brain mapping, one must
keep in mind that a good experiment should test something that would
be unexpected if the hypothesis were not true. I am at a loss for good
experiments as my theory does not predict anything very irregular. However,
my theory of personality can still be somewhat validated by simply showing
that what my theory predicts, however regular it may be, is what is observed.
Assuming my theory to be true, one would expect to see that the ma-
jority of people, especially when young, will be either seeking pleasure or
fleeing pain. This is in fact the case as there is a clear distinction between
type A and type B personalities. In fact, these common descriptions are
why I label the modes as Mode A and Mode B. Also, it is very common
for a person to dislike all forms of theory (to dislike Type 3) and want the
application (Type 4) and vice versa.
People who prefer Type 1 focus more on objective reality and people who
prefer Type 2 focus more on subjective reality. This makes sense given that
Type 1 receives information from the world, and Type 2 sends information
to the world. These tendencies are why I claimed in “Human Model” that
some people will not be interested in my ideas. If people do actually tend
to prefer either objective or subjective reality, this would support my ideas.
My theory explains why preferences among the fundamental and basic
mental processes occur so commonly, why the preferences are often very
strong, and why preferences seem to develop in certain patterns.
Another way to make my ideas more believable is to show that they are
consistent with how evolution pushes a species to acquire the most beneficial
traits. If I can show that two modes should exist, my claim that they do
exist is very reasonable.
There are two reasons why modes in general, not necessarily two, should
exist. First, modes allow a developing human being to prefer one of the
modes so that he or she can have a sturdy base from which he or she can
interact with the world. Without this base, a person could interact in many
situations but never in a way good enough to be substantially useful. Second,
modes allow for an easy manner to separate Yin and Yang.
Not only should modes exist, but two is the best number. Perhaps four
modes should be the ideal number as it would provide each person with the
ability to combine any low communication with any high communication.
Two modes are ideal for at least four reasons: (1) two modes are simple,
(2) the two opposites of pain and pleasure are convenient ways to create
two modes, (3) having two modes allows for easy balancing of Yin and
Yang as one must alternate between only two modes to make sure both
high and low communications are balanced, and (4) having two modes and
not more ensures that any given communication type must only learn to
work well with one other communication type. I must clarify the fourth
reason. The interdependence of the parts of a human being recommends
that both a high and low communication type should occur at the same
time, which requires that any mode have two communication types. More
than two modes would therefore require that some communication types
would have to spread themselves thin by learning to operate with more
than one communication type. Two modes are ideal; therefore, two modes
are expected to exist.
2.5 Introversion and Extroversion

A reasonable conclusion to reach is that since my theory of personality
does not explain why many people are either introverted or extroverted,
my theory is incomplete. There are theories of personality that exist that
give much attention to these traits (the ideas from Briggs and Myers have
particularly influenced me). Many traits can easily seen to be the result
of one’s life experiences, and others are the result of innate intelligence,
but certain ones seem more fundamental and require a deeper explanation.
However, my theory can explain why people are introverted or extroverted.
Ideally, I would show that introversion and extroversion were necessary
byproducts of my previous ideas. I cannot do this exactly, but I can give
a plausibility argument, showing the most likely way introversion and ex-
troversion would result given the truth of my previous ideas. All of my
discussion that follows on introversion and extroversion is my plausibility
argument, and I am not claiming anything to be necessarily true.
Introversion and extroversion can be thought to be a byproduct of the
personality balancing system. Using one’s high communication type that
belongs to Mode A adds to one’s introversion. Conversely, using one’s high
communication type that belongs to Mode B adds to one’s extroversion.
These strong correlations should exist because high communication is com-
prised of one’s higher thinking abilities. If a person’s higher thinking abilities
are accomplished through Mode A, a person will be timid of the external
world as it is more often interpreted as something that could cause pain.
If a person’s higher thinking abilities are accomplished through Mode B, a
person will more often perceive the external world as potential for pleasure,
and that person will freely interact with it.
In a similar yet opposite way, using one’s low communication type that
belongs to Mode A adds to one’s extroversion, and using one’s low com-
munication type that belongs to Mode B adds to one’s introversion. A low
communication type being used by Mode A will interact with the world to
prevent pain, while a low communication type being used by Mode B will
2.6. APPLICATIONS 43
linger on certain sensory inputs and movements of one’s body to savor them
making that person more shy, timid, and internally focused. The reasons for
this connection can be hard to see unless one realizes that low communica-
tion does not involve higher thought and is far more reactive in nature than
high communication. How higher thought guided by fear of pain causes
introversion can be easy to see because fearful people tend to withdraw.
However, the same fear of pain is what allows low communication to not
wander aimlessly from experience to experience and be more attentive and
able to interact.
2.6 Applications
A theory is often uninteresting if it cannot accomplish something useful. My
theory of personality balancing was motivated by a desire for application.
With this theory of personality, one can learn to see beauty in people who
once were misunderstood, and perhaps even one’s pets can be better under-
stood. This theory can also, upon relating it to one’s life, allow people to be
open to developing their underdeveloped second mode. A useful first step
in most applications I will mention is to fully or partially determine how a
particular person’s personality has balanced.
Determining how people, including yourself, have balanced their person-
alities is an art, and I imagine that no progress toward this goal will occur
unless the people are known well. There is little advice I can give other
than most people maintain a favored mode their whole lives. Also, one
could break the problem into four smaller problems: which mode, which low
communication, which high communication, and which communication—
high or low—is preferred. This approach seems to work best if done in this
order.
Be wary of forming generalizations such as “preferring Mode A creates a
person who is an overachiever and perfectionist.” Perfectionists often result
from fear, but highly ambitious people who prefer Mode B will desire to
perform very well. Some generalizations are more beneficial than others.
For example, the generalization “people who prefer Mode A are often wor-
ried about trivialities” is usually true just as “Mode B preferring people are
often adventurous” is also usually true. There will always be exceptions to
any generalization of human behavior. For instance, during times of stress, a
person can use their non-preferred communication types with their preferred
mode, but this use tends to be crippled because full use would cause inter-
ference. Also, there are many times when very little level communication is
occurring and both modes can occur simultaneously.
People can not only achieve a richer life by first understanding their
personality and the beauty of their preferred mode, but they can strive
toward developing their second mode. When a person uses both modes as
two alternating legs are used to walk, a person gains the potential to feel
comfortable with nearly all aspects of life. When a person uses only one
mode, he or she will most likely be as dysfunctional as a person hopping on
a single leg. Anxiety disorders are a great example of Mode A without Mode
B. The degree to which the second mode is developed is not highly dependent
upon a person’s age. Some people barely develop their second mode late into
their lives, and others develop both modes very quickly, but ideally not too
quickly because a strong foundation is needed first. Personality balancing
requires maturity, and maturity can happen at any age.
The desire to build the second mode is not enough. An environment rich
in fuel for a mode must exist, and different people of different intelligence or
of different life experiences require different types of fuel. For this reason, one
must simply be open to the opportunity to develop new aspects of oneself,
and the road to balance need not be rushed. A person’s first preferred mode
should be embraced and used as a foundation to build upon rather than
rejected to build a new foundation.
A lesson to learn from balancing personality is that people should not be
surprised if they are terrible at some pursuits while very proficient at others.
There is no need to feel bad for being unskilled in certain areas especially if
the cause is how personality has begun to balance.
Although I talk of two modes, remember that any person at any time can
prefer one of four communication types more than any of the others creating
multifaceted personalities. From the 16 paths, there are many twists and
turns each unique person can make.
Understanding personality balancing is very useful. Career choices can
be influenced and relationships can be made better. However, do not think
that I have developed a theory that describes all of personality! There
are many aspects of personality to understand. I am merely describing a
subset of personality: how the mind balances Yin and Yang communication
types. Understanding the many other aspects of personality, which can
arise from intelligence, gender, age, childhood experiences, etc., can also be
endlessly useful. A useful aspect of personality for determining a career is
the specific intelligences—musical, interpersonal, spatial, visual, language,
bodily coordination, factual memory, etc.—that are most developed within
the four communication types.
2.7 Final Thoughts

The notions of Yin and Yang, when defined as the opposing forces of a
cycle, demand that some system exist to allow the four communication types
to work well together. Having two modes that each use a high and low
communication type is the best system, and I therefore claim it to be the
system.
2.7. FINAL THOUGHTS 45
Please compare the way my theory explains personality with current

popular explanations, which simply list traits. I never thought too highly of
these mere descriptions. They are useful in application but have no ability
to help a person understand the fundamental structure of human beings.
My theory is a logical consequence of some larger theory. This logical con-
nection attempts to explain not just personality but the specifics of the
interconnectedness that unites all the aspects of a human being.
Chapter 3
Love
3.1 Introduction
My human model is still very lacking. If humans were everything that I have
previously described and nothing more, humans would die without procre-
ating, and the intense feelings of romantic love between two people would
never exist. There is clearly much more occurring within a human being
than what I have described already. There are in fact two interconnected
pieces of the human puzzle still missing: (1) humanity’s requirement to re-
produce and protect the best of its genetics and (2) a human’s requirement
to maximize how the levels operate. The means by which both of the re-
quirements are accomplished is through there being two sexes. Since most
people are aware how the first requirement, procreation, is met, I will focus
on the second, maximizing how the levels operate, and then show how both
requirements are interconnected. The best explanation science has given
for why two people fall in love is to aid procreation. I am going to provide
another reason why people have evolved to fall in love, and I can only do
this by describing the details of human behavior regarding love. I then hope
to show how selfishness is the worst enemy of love and to discover the cause
of selfishness. Finally, I will give applications of my ideas.
This final chapter, unlike the previous two, is devoted to understanding
only human beings and has little hope of being generalized to many species.
Many species are too simple to allow much of this chapter to be applicable.
However, the abilities of animals often surprise me, so I am sure there are
many species that, in some way or another, apply some of the ideas in this
chapter.
Another difference between this chapter and the other two is that my
tone at times will be more casual. This is because love is one of the most
complex topics in existence, and I cannot imagine the complexities of sci-
entifically proving any theory of love, although I am sure there are other
people to whom scientifically experimenting on love may seem more reason-
46
3.2. TWO TASKS AND TWO GENDERS 47
able. Since I am distanced from provable science, I only want to make my

ideas as reasonable as possible rather than formally stating a claim.
With such a rich topic, I cannot restrain myself from providing the ap-
plications of my ideas. Part of my desire to give applications comes from
fear that I might be interpreted as supporting actions that I do not support,
so I will be clear about the actions that logically follow from my ideas. I
must warn though that I do not desire to give advice. I often feel that many
lifetimes of knowledge are needed to be able to advise people on decisions
regarding love. I hope to completely describe the rules of the game called
love and to describe what behaviors can be helpful, but I certainly do not
want anything I write to be counseling for any individual. We are all unique
and must follow unique paths through life.
As always, I will be focusing on objective reality rather than exploring
the subjective symphony of powerfully emotional and deeply intimate expe-
riences human beings can have when in love. The subjective reality of love
is extremely important, but, unlike poets, my goal is sadly not to describe
it. Please do not think I am describing my experiences. My understanding
of objective reality does, because I am a mere human, depend on my own
experiences, but I try my best to prevent this.
3.2 Two Tasks and Two Genders

My ideas about love begin with the thought that there are two tasks a
human being must do. One is Yin, and the other is Yang, and both form a
cycle. I am still using the narrowed definitions of Yin and Yang as I did in
“Personality.” There are also two genders. Each gender is best suited for
one of the two tasks. Males are best suited for the Yang task, and females
are best suited for the Yin task. As is always the case, Yin and Yang are
both required but must be separated. I have already discussed many Yin
Yang systems, and this Yin Yang system is new.
Rather than assigning characteristics to a gender, I am actually defining
what I mean when I say the word gender . Males are people who naturally
prefer Yang. Females are people who naturally prefer Yin. Biological sex
(determined by genetics), genitalia, and hormones do not completely de-
termine gender. Nature normally has a person of male biological sex be
of the male gender, be equipped with testes, be full of androgens, and be
sexually attracted to females after puberty. Likewise, a person of the female
biological sex normally is of the female gender, is equipped with ovaries, is
full of estrogens, and is sexually attracted to males after puberty. However,
exceptions do occur, and the critical variable is the task—Yin or Yang—one
is best suited for, as will be seen in this chapter.
Terminology will be tricky in this chapter since there is a wide range of
colorful diversity in the world of human sexuality. I will often assume that
48 CHAPTER 3. LOVE
man, male, person with a fully functional penis, person with XY chromo-
somes, person who is sexually attracted to female, and person who prefers
the Yang task are all synonymous, and I will often assume similar terminol-
ogy for females. Also, when saying people, I will often be referring to the
subset of people who belong to one of the two groups I have just described,
unless I explicitly address the exceptions. My goal is not to exclude these
wonderful people. When describing how to dig a hole, it is best to talk
about using a shovel, even though some people will dig a hole with a hoe or
other tool that can act as a shovel. In the same way, I will describe sexuality
in heterosexual terms. I am unworthy to address the many alternatives to
heterosexual life. I hope all people, regardless of sexuality, can find public
support and encouragement for their love lives.
Alternative sexuality should never be a thing to fear or to hate. It limits a
person’s reproductive potential and often limits one’s potential for balancing
Yin and Yang and is therefore a disorder, but discriminating or hating people
with alternative sexuality is equivalent to discriminating or hating people
with any other disorder. Luckily, there are treatments for the disorder such
as adoption. Also, in the case that one person in a homosexual relationship of
women (in this instance, by women I mean people with XX sex chromosome)
has developed to be the male gender is matched with a woman with female
brain structure who is homosexual only because the part of her brain that
causes romantic attraction is switched, I can imagine that Yin and Yang can
balance to a substantial degree. Sexual discrimination can be particularly
hard to get rid of, but we should try our hardest. Sexual disorders are minor
compared to other disorders that damage one’s intelligence or take one’s life
and wellbeing. A person would be a fool to hate a homosexual, bisexual,
etc. and not want him or her to feel as if he or she belongs.
The Yin task is figuring out which needs should be satisfied in one’s
current situation. To do this, a person weighs many different feedbacks
(primary and secondary) against each other to determine which feels best.
One of the benefits of meditative thought and talking about one’s feelings
with friends is to use primary and secondary feedback to discover what one
wants in his or her life. This is the Yin task. Also, the arts, such as acting,
photography, painting, dance, poetry, etc., often have the goal of stirring
the emotions in order to accomplish the Yin task.
The Yang task is satisfying needs. After people know the best way to
satisfy themselves, they can focus on those ways. Running a race and solving
a math problem are examples of Yang. A person with much Yang and very
little Yin would follow whatever urge arises, whether it be to punch someone
in anger or take large and unnecessary risks.
It is important to understand that all parts of people differ between
genders in order to make that gender best suited for one task or the other.
A natural preference for the Yin task is much different than preferring Type
3 over Type 4. A preference for Type 3 arises from a difference in a part
3.3. GENDER EQUALITY 49
of a human being, and a natural preference for the Yin task arises from a
difference in the whole of a human being.
Men usually have strong and tall bodies that are not naturally flexible
due to muscle mass. Controlling large and forceful motor movements is easier
than small movements, and men have powerful voices. The white matter
of male brains (the interconnecting axons between the bodies of neurons)
tends to only connect local areas very well making localized thought better
while those same areas are rich in grey matter (the neuron cell bodies). Men
get their intelligence mostly from their grey matter rather than from using
white matter to draw from different parts of the brain.
Women usually have softer bodies with more stored fat to give curves,
and their bodies are usually not as strong but more flexible and quick. They
can easily coordinate small motor movements. These traits of women sup-
port the overall setup of their brains: there is much white matter responsible
for their intelligence. This setup allows them to have many completely dif-
ferent things on their minds at any one time, so doing one thing very well
is not as easy, but understanding almost every nuance of context allows
choosing what need to satisfy to be easy. This choosing must always oc-
cur within any person because a person’s external and internal situation is
always changing.
To summarize, men’s thoughts prefer to stay localized to satisfy some
need because this is easier for them. Their bodies support their brains.
Women’s thoughts lead to thoughts in many different parts of their brains
allowing them to test which of those diverse thoughts is more satisfying.
Like men, their bodies are such that they support how their brain works.
Studies have shown that men and women are equally intelligent and capable,
but I am suggesting that they each go about this in different ways.
It may seem that the localized thoughts that men naturally prefer may
prevent them from balancing their personalities. Although male thought is
localized, groups of localized thought, over time, can exist in multiple places
throughout the brain making men no less able to balance their personalities
than women. Women may alternate modes more rapidly, while men more
often have slower alternations.
3.3 Gender Equality

Before I continue to my main ideas, I feel that I must connect my ideas
about the differences of men and women to real world applications. Most
applications I give will be logical consequences of my idea that people prefer
Yin or Yang and that both are necessary. My main goal here is to show
that my ideas do not imply gender inequality. Feel free to skip this section
if you would like.
Many people support the idea that men and women would behave almost
50 CHAPTER 3. LOVE
the same if cultural expectations of how sexes should behave did not exist.
I agree because the majority of men and women try for the same goal,
which is to have their Yin and Yang balanced, even if they do not refer to
their goal using this terminology. Their approaches to the balance are from
completely different sides, but the result, if it were to occur, would be the
same. Regardless of whether most people try for the goal of balance, we all
should. But I disagree with anybody who says that men and women are
similar. They only tend to behave similarly because they should. Because
people are meant to strive for balance, all people, regardless of gender, must
be held to the same standards and rules. Even though many people who
have just hit puberty will be far from balance and there is nothing terribly
wrong with this, our standards for them should reflect how people should
ideally be, which is not influenced by the difficulty certain genders might
encounter when trying to reach these ideals.
Although men and women are different, this is no excuse for a father
neglecting housework or neglecting childcare or for a woman to not work
hard toward a job in the career of her choice. Men should do housework
and introduce their natural Yang strengths into it. Women should have
their careers, ideally without prejudice or harassment, and introduce their
natural Yin strengths into them. If this were to happen, society would
operate better as the homes would no longer be lacking in Yang and the
workplace lacking in Yin. People would also be happier because they will
have Yin and Yang balanced. I am not surprised when I hear of studies that
show that hiring women in business increases profit due to fewer needless
risks being made. In spite of women’s unique skills being undervalued by
the men that often higher them, these skills are what help balance the men’s
skills.
A terrible situation is when a society puts women in figurative cages
to “protect” them. A justification for slavery is that the slaves’ freedom
is the cost for the protection and food the owners give them. Freedom
is more valuable than protection for both slaves and women. Women can
and should run companies and countries because women and men can be
equally productive. We must intentionally ignore any social conditioning
which restricts a sex. Although some politicians are working to change
discrimination (hopefully in ways that are helping more than they hurt),
there must also be a core change in how a culture views the roles that men
and women should have.
It is well known that men are better at certain professional sports than
women. Given a highly specialized and artificial task such as a playing a
sport, men would be expected to be better, but real world tasks are not
so specialized and artificial. I would think that even the task of a soldier
is not nearly as specialized or artificial as some sports, so females can be
great soldiers. Perhaps females should be conscripted to war as often as
men. At the very least, female soldiers should be highly respected, and the
3.3. GENDER EQUALITY 51
association of manliness with the military should not be made. There should
be the association of strength, courage, and fortitude with the military,
but gender should not be an issue. Often, people mention how in hunter-
gatherer societies, men hunt and women gather. This simply is not true
since there have been many hunter-gatherer societies with large numbers of
very successful female hunters. I tend to think that, in any profession that
is not a human-made game or sport, women are just as necessary as men.
Another well known fact is that most recorded societies have been more
patriarchal than matriarchal. Does this suggest that men and women have
biologically evolved to belong to a male-dominant society? I would say
no. Most societies in ancient human history are not ruled by the people
for the people, but this in no way means that representative democracies
go against how humans have biologically evolved. Notions about how to
organize a society or family are thoughts, and thoughts are not the result of
biological evolution. Another very useful set of thoughts that did evolve is
the ability to read and write. A better understanding of the world will often
allow us to better organize our societies and families. Just as an educated
population creating a representative democracy is better than probably all
other choices, allowing women to reach their full potential is better than
patriarchy.
Many bizarre ideas exist. There is no justifiable reason why women
should wait for men to ask for marriage or for a relationship, why women
must obey and submit to men, why women should be meek, why women
should worry greatly about their physical appearance, why men should be
the head of the household and make more money, why men should be taught
that sleeping around is only bad for women, why older men feel they de-
serve younger women, why women should change their names when getting
married, why men should be taught to not express sentimental emotions
through acts such as crying, why women should be paid less, or why men
should pay on dates. All of these behaviors can and do cause harm because
neither men nor women should be limited.
I hope that the rapidly evolving modern cultures will evolve so that all
forms of inequalities and double standards are nonexistent, and I know that
careful attention must be given to meeting this goal. Perhaps a great place to
start is to educate parents to raise their children without harmfully narrow
ideas of what a person of a certain gender is limited to doing. Perhaps a step
in the right direction is to not limit children to toys that are marketed to
only their gender. Encouraging a child to play with gender-neutral toys such
as yo-yos, swings, and stuffed animals in addition to allowing girls to play
with toy trucks and boys with dolls will prevent the formation of deeply-
ingrained and incorrect ideas of gender roles. In the end, good intentions
by individuals can be hindered by policies of governments and corporations.
For instance, some corporations do not give a father time off of work when
he and his wife have a child.
52 CHAPTER 3. LOVE
3.4 Yin and Yang Harmony

The existence of two genders that prefer one of two tasks implies the exis-
tence of a system that can allow the two genders to benefit from each other’s
strengths. Why would nature separate Yin and Yang if it did not intend to
allow the two to feed off of each other?
There is only one need that does not result from the feedback from one
individual level. Satisfying this need balances Yin and Yang and therefore
allows the operating of the levels to be maximized. I will call this need the
need for completion, and all four levels generate feedback to determine one’s
state of completion. I call it completion as I feel the concept of a person being
complete is synonymous to the balancing of Yin and Yang. Completion can
be defined as the state of having both Yin and Yang strong. I will explain
later that all the needs that reflect completion also allow for procreation,
but I will nonetheless use need for completion as my terminology.
The need for completion is very complex, but I split it into three simple
categories to ease the complexity and for reasons to be discovered later.
The needs of the first category include having a loving parental figure to
make proud, loving a child, and enjoying the qualities of the other gender
(at a distance). The need of the second category is for physical contact
with the other gender, particularly within a committed relationship, and
the third category’s need is the need for sexual pleasure, especially from
sexual intimacy with another person.
For ideal completion to occur, men and women would have to intercon-
nect to such a great extent that their interconnection would be equal to
how the Yin and Yang in the Yin/Yang symbol are interlocked. There is a
distinct biological function that is unlike all others: the orgasm. My biggest
claim in “Love” is that there are three stages—which I will call Stage 1,
Stage 2, and Stage 3—that end in orgasm and that can interconnect two
people. All stages interconnect two people, and the orgasm is the final step
and is meaningless without the previous stages.
It is no coincidence that I have created three categories and also three
stages because each new stage can occur when the needs of its corresponding
category are satisfied. That is, Stage 1 occurs in a relationship between
parental figure and child and in the appreciation of the other gender. Stage
2 builds upon Stage 1 by adding the satisfaction of the second category’s
need for physical contact with the other gender. Stage 3 builds with the
third category’s need for sexual pleasure. There is a difference between a
category and its stage in that a need belonging to a category can occur
outside of its corresponding stage. For instance, masturbation brings sexual
pleasure but does not cause Stage 3 since Stage 3 requires sexual intimacy
with another person. I will now describe each stage and explain how each
provides completion and therefore allows the levels to achieve their highest
potential. Keep in mind that I will not be providing much new pieces of the
3.5. STAGE 1 AND PARENTAL FIGURES 53
puzzle; I will instead be showing how the pieces fit together by describing
how the needs that belong to the three categories can cause completion.
These descriptions are meant to be detailed, so I have provided a summary
afterwards so that one can see the forest through the trees.
3.5 Stage 1 and Parental Figures

This first stage is what all children are limited to, but the stage is cer-
tainly not limited to children. During this stage, children benefit by having
parental figures, and parental figures benefit by loving children. A parental
figure can be a biological parent, foster parent, grandparent, sibling, or any
type of mentor. Stage 1 can be split into two categories. Some Stage 1
completion uniquely develops both Yin and Yang and occurs as the result
of having a parental figure or loving a child, and this form of Stage 1 will
be my subject for now. Later, I will describe a form of Stage 1 that only
occurs after puberty and that can begin the path toward interconnecting
Yin and Yang. This form of Stage 1 as well as Stage 2 and Stage 3 do not
develop both Yin and Yang but only attempt to develop the task that is not
preferred.
The goal of Stage 1 is to teach a person to behave properly, decently,
knowledgeably, proficiently, etc. That is, to act well by doing the task (Yin
or Yang) he or she is proficient at and also doing the difficult task. To claim
that the main benefit of having parental figures is to learn how to do the
Yin and Yang tasks might seem ridiculous. Surely, this is only a small goal
of having a parental figure, and other functions such as providing food are
more important. However, providing food is completely included in teaching
the Yin and Yang tasks. A parental figure preparing and serving food should
teach the child all about one of the most important activities in life: making
and eating food. Every action and thought works directly to accomplish one
or both of the tasks, so “teaching the Yin and Yang tasks” is synonymous
with “teaching everything that should be taught.”
As for children, they have the need for parental approval, and parental
praise is a great source of motivation for a child to develop both Yin and
Yang, even though one of these tasks is harder. Children often fight and
bully each other. This behavior is due to the ignorance that all children
have. Strong motivation to act apart from one’s ignorance is beneficial, and
this motivation comes from wanting to do what one’s parents want.
When a child is loved by a parental figure of the same gender who is a
good example of who the child should become (i.e. that parental figure does
not neglect the task of the other gender while exhibiting strength in their
own task), the child will be motivated to earn the respect of that parental
figure and not do activities that he or she would disapprove of. When a
child is loved by a parental figure of the opposite gender, the child, so that
54 CHAPTER 3. LOVE
he or she will have the respect and approval of that parental figure, will
not behave in ways that neglect that parental figures Yin or Yang energy.
Having parental figures of both genders is beneficial, and single parents and
homosexual couples should never worry because parental figures can exist
outside the home.
In relationships between children and parental figures, selfless love is
necessary. By selfless, I do not mean that people should neglect themselves
and give all to others. People in a selfless group should care more for the
group than oneself. Luckily, one can care for oneself since any person be-
longing to a selfless group is part of the group. An example of selfishness is
when a parental figure rewards a child for whining so that the child stops
being annoying. Selfishness is also when parental figures punish children
for harmless fun, silliness, imagination, or hyper behavior because the fun
annoys them or because they desire a reputation of propriety. A good pun-
ishment should send the message that the parent receives no pleasure from
having to punish. An example of selfishness is spanking. If a parent is un-
willing to spend the time developing a non-violent punishment that will not
teach the child that violence is an acceptable solution to his or her problems,
the parent should not have children. A sign of selfless love is to put having a
healthy relationship with a spouse as a higher priority than being a parent.
Being a martyr is bad for everyone and is rarely selfless. Another sign of
selfless love is wanting what is best for the child rather than simply trying
to be his or her friend. Basically, selflessness is good because it allows a
parental figure to do what is best for the family.
Selfish actions can take many forms in addition to those already men-
tioned. Parents will sometimes intentionally have kids right before one of
the parents goes to a deadly war. Parental figures will also sometimes self-
ishly believe that their kids are flawless so that they can feel good about
themselves as parental figures. Lastly, out of selfish fear, parental figures
will sometimes prevent their kids from developing strong immune systems
and safe behaviors by not allowing them to be around dirt and danger.
Children have a drive to experience everything, and parents must guide
this drive using rewards and punishment rather than stopping it altogether.
The first step of guiding a child is to listen and ask questions, which is ideally
followed by wise and intelligent responses. The guidance of a parent is rarely
effective if the child does not see the parent following the same advice or if
the child does not believe the parental figure has his or her best interests in
mind.
A child must also selflessly love his or her parental figures for this stage
to work. That is, he or she must obey reasonable requests. Only when a
child wants to obey can he or she be motivated to act respectably to please
his or her parental figures.
When both sides behave selflessly, a child can better know which of the
many thousands of choices to make are best. As for small children who
3.5. STAGE 1 AND PARENTAL FIGURES 55
cannot understand speech or much of their surrounding environment, being

physically touched by their parental figures is how they perceive approval.
The need for physical contact from one’s parents, a subset of the need for
Stage 1, remains until puberty.
In this complex world with high expectations, completion has become
more necessary as the Yin and Yang tasks both become more difficult. Sui-
cide can occur when people cannot work through the complexity of life
and lose hope for a purposeful life and feel great amounts of shame and
anger. Selfless love, which is by nature unconditional and does not put one’s
achievements and success in this complex world above the person loved, is
very important because it gives people a shame-free place to venture forth
from. Without a safe environment fueled by unconditional love, suicide and
depression can occur more easily. Parents too often use their children self-
ishly as if their children were extensions of their own egos, and they push too
hard. Although the push is crucial for completion (it is how a child knows
what his or her parental figures approve of), this push must be selflessly
motivated so that failure is not feared too much.
When children have no loving parental figure, they will develop their
own ideas of what appropriate behavior is, and these ideas are not guided
by a lifetime of experience. These children should ideally be adopted by
some parental figures who will love them, even if the biological parents want
them. I am not necessarily referring to adoption in the legal sense. I am
mostly referring to the commitment a parental figure makes to take care
of a child. Biological parents have no advantage over committed adoptive
parents because the amount of commitment, and not shared genetics, is what
is required for completion. Biological parents who do not know their children
and injure healthy families by reclaiming their legally adopted children are
selfish.
Babies also receive completion. Children have the need for physical
contact from parental figures. This contact is how babies feel the love and
reassurance of parental figures. Adults have the need to provide this physical
contact.
Being on the other end (i.e. being a parental figure) is equally rewarding
and provides completion from Stage 1. When a child puts his or her parental
figure on a pedestal, that parental figure desires to be the best model for
behavior he or she can be. Parental figures often very much need this extra
source of completion to give them the strength to raise kids. Both men and
women gain equally from loving and raising a child.
Although children receiving completion from their parental figures is a
wonderful example of completion from parents, completion from parents
can very healthfully exist long into one’s life. Adults can be helped by their
parents when they are forming their futures by, for example, deciding which
college to attend, which job to take, and whom to marry. Adults will make
better choices when they have the advice of a loving parental figure and
56 CHAPTER 3. LOVE
the motivation to make them proud, which is different from the motivation
to take a parental figure’s advice without contemplating it. After people
roughly choose their life goals, parental figures can still help a person live
that life by giving advice and emotional support.
As parents and children age, completion follows the same principle as
before they aged: both parental figure and grown child still should try to do
the best for the other because selfless love is still required. This principles
takes on a different form as the grown child must often care for an elderly
parental figure. Before a person cares for an elderly parental figure, a few
things must be determined. First, the elderly person must have provided
selfless love to some degree. If not, the elderly person is not a parental figure
and helping him or her can be unhealthy as it will most likely be an attempt
to finally obtain some love. Even if the elderly person is trying to change,
they may have missed their chance at being a parental figure. Second, the
helping of the elderly must actually be helping him or her. Caring for an
elderly parental figure can only occur healthfully if the caregiver is helping
the elderly overcome weaknesses in their pursuits, which is different from
helping them live an easy inactive life not pursuing their dreams.
3.6 Stage 1 and the Opposite Gender

After a person reaches puberty, Stage 1 does not require a relationship be-
tween a parental figure and child at all. This is great news for any middle-
aged person with dead parents and no children. Much Stage 1 completion
involves making oneself attractive to the other sex and wanting to be an
attractive future or current significant other to somebody. To do this, peo-
ple try to not neglect the task (Yin or Yang) that they do not prefer, often
by trying to remember all that good advice their parents told them. I call
this completion from the other sex self completion because, unlike Stage 2
and Stage 3, self completion can be obtained when alone. Much of Stage 1
can occur when alone, but, in the context of interactions with the opposite
gender while ignoring the interactions with parental figures, only Stage 1
can be done alone since Stage 2 and Stage 3 require physical contact.
The source of the need for self completion is the need to enjoy the positive
qualities of the other sex. This need is the root need because only when we
are attracted to a person do we want him or her to think better of us. There
is much that determines whether or not two people are attracted to each
other, and I have sorted it all into four groups. I will call the four groups
factors because they are the factors that determine attraction. These factors
can be thought of as subsets of the need for self completion, which is a subset
of Stage 1 completion, with is a subset of completion. I am not suggesting
that these factors are exactly correct, and I only provide them as speculation
to paint a portrait of how attraction might be. Although, the bigger idea
3.6. STAGE 1 AND THE OPPOSITE GENDER 57
of there being three stages is dependent on the first two of my factors being
very close to how I will describe them.
The first factor that determines attraction is how feminine or masculine a
person’s body and mannerisms are. Men naturally look for healthy women,
and women naturally look for healthy men. Certain physical and mental
characteristics can send a healthy signal. For instance, women with curves
and breasts are considered attractive. Men with firm bodies are considered
healthy. Physical appearance plays a role in this first factor, but not as
large of a role as many people think. We tend to exaggerate the importance
of appearance because it is the most readily noticeable characteristic and
because we are conditioned to associate a body with the satisfaction of Stage
2 and Stage 3. A person’s voice, personality, and interests are very crucial.
This factor tends to be the factor that must be met before any of the other
factors will be considered because signals of overall health can be readily
determined. As a result, rarely will a heterosexual female be attracted
to another female who meets the last three factors, and people often feel
attracted simply when the first factor is met.
The second factor is how complete a person is. Without this factor, self
completion could not operate as this factor causes people to seek completion
for the purpose of becoming attractive. Although some men are attracted to
women who only care about shopping and makeup, these men either do not
have Stage 1 attraction and only want these women for their willingness to
progress through the stages or simply are attracted to these women because
of the first factor. Similarly, women can be attracted to aggressive and even
violent men because they meet the first factor or because these men often
willingly progress through the stages. The second factor complements the
first. The first factor is about a man being Yang and a woman Yin, and this
second factor is about a man being Yin and a woman Yang.
The last two factors concern long-term compatibility between two spe-
cific people of opposite sexes. Certain inner qualities of one person are
not well mixed with the inner qualities of another, even if both people are
archetypes of what a human should be (if such ideal humans exist).
The first of these, the third factor, is how two people can mutually
relate to each other and see each other’s best qualities. If two people have
similar life goals in a very general sense and can possibly work toward that
goal as a team, they will find each other attractive. Two people without
similar life goals lead their lives in opposite directions, so for them to try
to become a team would only limit both of their life potentials as they pull
in opposite direction. An example of similar life goals is two people with
active minds, which is a polite way of saying that they have high hereditary
intelligence. Extreme examples of people without similar goals are people
who pursue romance with any of their parental figures. Also, people of
very different ages often do not have similar life goals, so people who do
not want someone somewhat close to their own age need to think hard and
58 CHAPTER 3. LOVE
long about their motivations. Common life goals are often recognized in the
two people’s ability to emotionally relate and their ability to communicate
emotions freely without fear of long-term misinterpretation. One will feel
that the other can see and appreciate that special and beautiful part of one’s
soul, and such appreciation can be reciprocated.
The fourth and last factor is the extent that two people are different (i.e.
whether or not they use different means to obtain a mutual goal). This is
why siblings who are raised by the same parents in the same house most
often are not attracted to each other and why foreign accents can be at-
tractive. A large benefit of the lack of attraction between siblings raised
in the same house is that inbreeding is often prevented. However, if two
biological siblings are raised apart as strangers, I see no reason why they
should not marry and have kids through adoption because, although strong
bonds of companionship often exist between siblings due to being raised to-
gether, sharing genes does not form some magical bond. When two people
can work toward the same goal by different means, the goal is much easier
to achieve as each person’s weaknesses are the other’s strengths. The two
people complement each other. I personally believe that the particular way
that one’s personality balances (as discussed in “Personality”) should be,
for the most part, opposite that of one’s partner.
In other words, the third factor is having a similar strategy and the
fourth factor is having different tactics. Two people’s life strategies are
similar when the big pictures of their life goals are the same allowing them
to see in each other what they need to have seen and connect on deep levels.
Two people have differing tactics when the small pictures of how they obtain
those life goals are different allowing them to complement each other. I
believe these last two factors exist because it seems beneficial to have core
similarities and peripheral differences, and evolution has fine-tuned humans
to have their needs, namely their need to meet people who satisfy these four
factors, reflect what is most beneficial.
Common practice is to pursue people who are completely similar to us
out of convenience, but is convenience more important than true love? For
example, a woman will often choose an older man since he will share her
maturity level, but is it worth not satisfying the third factor? Is it worth it
for two people of the same profession and the same personality to not satisfy
the fourth factor? I cannot answer these questions except to say that the
passion and intimacy that coincides with full compatibility is to be highly
sought after.
If the four factors as I have described them are true, potential for at-
traction between two people depends upon lasting traits, not temporary
or easily changeable characteristics (except for the second factor which of-
ten changes as is necessary for self completion). How people’s personalities
balance is an example of one of these lasting traits that determines attrac-
tion. Although a changeable characteristic such as learning a language or
3.6. STAGE 1 AND THE OPPOSITE GENDER 59
acquiring someone’s religion can greatly increase attraction, these are not
examples of easily changeable characteristics determining attraction, but an
easily changeable characteristic allowing two people to recognize potential
attraction that always existed between them. If two people feel that they
are strangers after supposedly being perfect for each other for a long time,
they most likely never truly knew each other, or perhaps there is an obstacle
in the way of their love and not that fate has sadly caused them to suddenly
become incompatible. True attraction can and does increase over the years.
Sadly, obstacles in the way of love do exist and can take the forms of selfish-
ness and violence. These obstacles will prevent love and one should never
pursue a relationship when they are present.
High levels of attraction can sometimes be a one-way occurrence, and I
believe that such one-way attraction is often the result of some selfish moti-
vations on either person’s part. For instance, being attracted to somebody
because he or she is wealthy does not guarantee reciprocated attraction.
Also, someone selfishly “leading you on” can cause one-way attraction. An-
other common reason love is one-way is that one of the two people have
already found love with a third person. With love, timing can be of great
importance.
As for developing an exact science about whether two people are at-
tracted to each other, I wish any person who attempts this endeavor the
best of luck as he or she contemplates the thousands of micro factors that
determine these four macro factors. I imagine that some personality traits
might only be attractive to a person when they exist in combination, making
the task even more complex. The theory of attraction that I have provided
is useful as far as it can help distinguish real attraction from an active imag-
ination, but, since this theory is extremely general, it cannot be used as a
metal detector to find a person. It can only be used as a confirmation once
a person is found.
The best test for love is given to us by nature: our emotions. If you do
not feel deep attraction, you do not have it. When the mind sees a person
as someone it is unwilling to lose, you will feel this. However, this rule only
works if you deeply know the person. Otherwise, one’s imagination often
fills the gaps in one’s knowledge with attractive traits. Perhaps the reason
following the heart works is that one’s pheromones contained information
about oneself and the brain may subconsciously know someone is right just
by the pheromones they emit. Only death can permanently separate two
people who have found true love. Living in different countries or in different
social classes cannot stop it. Following one’s heart will not work for selfish
people for many reasons. For instance, selfish people may desire unintelligent
partners so that they may appear more intelligent in comparison. Also,
selfish people often will seek out a continuous stream of partners. Other
times, selfish people cannot bear to give time to someone in a relationship, so
they avoid relationships. Usually, one’s subconscious is aware when someone
60 CHAPTER 3. LOVE
is not the perfect one. Life can become very complicated when situations of
almost-true love occur.
I want to remind that any advice I appear to be giving is not advice, but
only the applications of my ideas. If it is in fact true that there are certain
factors that determine attraction, the only logical application is to use this
attraction as a compass to the right person. And if one gender is Yin and
the other Yang as I have described, this requires that the need to complete
oneself is very important, which I why I say that only death can permanently
separate two people who have found true love. I will now explain how, when
assuming my ideas about completion to be correct, selfless love must be
better than selfish love.
Selfless love should be maximized during self completion for best results.
For a person who does not have permanent bonds (I will explain the details
of this later), selfless love is not directed toward an actual person, but toward
one’s imagined future partner. The highest and ideal degree of selfless love
occurs when a person thinks only to attract one person, since spreading one’s
energy to multiple partners is unfair and prevents deepest possible interest in
any one person, which prevents the deepest desire to attract, which prevents
completion. The need to love one person exists to allow people to build a
life with someone in the presence of other attractive people.
Prepubescent children can only receive completion from their parental
figures, while post-pubescent people can receive completion from the oppo-
site gender and from being a parental figure. Prepubescent children cannot
progress to higher stages, and post pubescent people can choose not to. The
prepubescent stage exists for at least four reasons. First, kids have enough
to worry about as they grow up, so nature lets them learn about life slowly
by postponing access to Stage 2, Stage 3, and much of Stage 1. Second,
people need a time to develop potentially attractive qualities such as a path
to a balanced personality. Third, people need this time to not greatly favor
Yin or Yang. Fourth, physical contact can occur without Stage 2 occurring
for the child whose lack of emotional maturity would easily cause Stage 2
to be confused with parental contact (physical contact can initiate Stage
2). One would think that adults would not be in risk of initiating Stage 2
by physical contact with a child, but pedophilia does sadly exist. Although
many sources of completion are unavailable for young people, they still, to
some degree, need to develop and become familiar with these adult activi-
ties. This is why prepubescent children can orgasm and have favor Yin or
Yang to some degree.
Concerning the personal relationship with God that some sects of Chris-
tianity believe in, this God seems to be designed to satisfy Stage 1. The
idea a Heavenly Father is the same as the idea of a perfect parent one must
make proud. Also, Stage 1 completion from the other gender is very similar
to the idea of a personal God. Many songs meant to praise and worship
God are basically love songs. Either religion has created a God to, among
3.7. STAGE 2: ROMANTIC HUMAN TOUCH 61
other reasons, satisfy Stage 1, or the Christian God reflects himself in the
need for completion.
3.7 Stage 2: Romantic Human Touch

Adults have the need for physical contact with the other gender, the act that
begins Stage 2. People desire to show affection physically by holding hands,
holding bodies, resting body parts on one another, caressing, kissing, etc.
Some cultures find certain means of expression to be taboo, but no great
harm is done as long as all means of expressing affection physically are not
taboo. In many places, kissing is a very popular means of expression, but
not without cause—the lips and mouth are very sensitive and kissing is a
very intentional activity.
Touching only satisfies Stage 2 if it is obtained from a person one feels
Stage 1 attraction for. Basically, the brain tries to connect touch stimuli
to a person who (1) it is attracted to and (2) intends the touch to show
this attraction to the other person. The necessity for attraction makes sense
because Stage 2 builds off of Stage 1. Two strangers should not be able to
reach a high level of intimacy by bumping into each other. The brain only
desires touch that is intended to bring pleasure because touching at its core
is two people telling each other that they are there for each other.
If a person is not selflessly committed to the other, touching will not
cause much completion or pleasure because the touching is done for oneself
and not for the other. As already mentioned, touching must be intended
for the other person. There are many people who intentionally enter into
Stage 2 with no goal of being there for the other person. They only desire to
manipulate their partners into pleasing them, but this is a futile goal because
the selfishness prevents the stages from occurring to any high degree. Many
people enter Stage 2 and Stage 3 for the social status these stages provide
by being able to brag about having a romantic partner.
Noticing what does not count as Stage 2 can be just as useful as knowing
what does. For instance, partner dancing, even “dirty” dancing, can be done
with no intent to cause the other person pleasure from the touch. However,
dancing can be a great way for two romantic partners to satisfy Stage 2.
I must also say that there is no inherent quality of skin cells touching each
other that does anything significant just as there is no inherent quality of the
diaphragm spasms and facial contortions that comprise laugher that allow
them to change the mood of other people. Touching is simply the means by
which this stage can occur. How the mind (as defined in ”Human Model”)
interprets it is crucial. Touching is an ideal means for many reasons: (1) it
is easily done or not done, (2) it is usually intentional, (3) it is intrinsically
enjoyable as is most sensory stimulation, (4) touching always affects both
people (whereas a need such as the need for sexual pleasure does not), and
62 CHAPTER 3. LOVE
(5) touching is a good way for two people to tell each other that they are
there for each other because, to touch, one must physically be there for the
person. For me, there is little doubt as to why the mind evolved to have
touching as the significant act for Stage 2.
But how does Stage 2 bring about completion? The changes that occur
in the brain that ensue touching are what do it. When a person is touched
by somebody he or she is attracted to, the mind keeps thoughts of that
person easily accessible as if impressions of that person are being made by
the touch. These impressions are not special but simply naturally occur
as the brain associates feelings of pleasure from the physical contact with
the person causing one to think very often of that person. Thinking often
of the other person helps Stage 1, which is what helps completion. As
people think of their Stage 2 partner, they will, if they have not entered
Stage 2 for completely selfish reasons, try to live a way that pleases and
thereby attract their partner. Since their partner is impressed upon their
minds, doing things to please their partner is easy, and, if their partner
prefers the opposite Yin or Yang task, this system allows people to draw
off of their partners strengths since those strengths have essentially been
impressed upon their brains. The main difference between Stage 2 and self
completion is that self completion creates the drive to do the opposite task
and Stage 2 helps with that task.
A special type of physical contact that often follows “regular” touching
is foreplay, which I define to be touching that directly prepares for Stage 3
much like how attraction and falling in love prepare for Stage 2. There is a
correlation between penile erectness or vaginal lubrication and foreplay.
3.8 Stage 3: Sexual Intimacy

I must introduce this topic with a message I hope is well understood. When
I will speak of differences between how men and women desire to go about
progressing through Stage 3, I am speaking as if the men and women in-
volved had very little completion. However, most people have their need for
completion satisfied to a substantial degree, which is great because people
should ideally be complete within themselves before pursuing the better and
easier completion from self completion, Stage 2, and Stage 3. I have chosen
to describe incomplete people only because doing so makes the explanation
of my ideas easier than describing the highly complex people in reality, just
as describing the benefits of education for a person who cannot even read is
easier than describing the benefits of higher education for someone already
educated. Sexual intimacy for complete people reinforces the completion
and strengthens the bonds between the two people making completion eas-
ier, but it is easier to imagine that two people are starting their journey
towards completion from scratch.
3.8. STAGE 3: SEXUAL INTIMACY 63
Imagine that, as a result of Stage 2, two people are longing for more.
The next stage is using sexual intimacy for completion. Before I can define
what I mean by sexual intimacy, I need to define sexual pleasure as the
pleasure that results from stimulation to the penis or to the clitoris and
vagina. The nerves to the clitoris and vagina stem from the same nerve,
so they are, in some sense, one organ in two different areas. I define sexual
intimacy, which is synonymous to Stage 3, to be sexual pleasure that is done
with another person. More specifically, it must be done while Stage 2 and
therefore also Stage 1 are being preformed. There are many actions such as
non-penetrative sex that are included within sexual intimacy that are not
often included by the word sex, so I favor the former over the latter. I must
now clarify that, by foreplay, I never refer to sexual stimulation.
I have said that Stage 1 helps Stage 2 by allowing two people to fall
in love with each other and that Stage 2 helps Stage 3 by allowing two
people to have foreplay, which prepares the body for sexual pleasure. Just
as Stage 1 has its greatest fulfillment when people fall in love and Stage 2
has its greatest fulfillment with foreplay, Stage 3 has orgasm. There is no
Stage 4 that the orgasm can help because it is the end. For healthy post-
pubescent men, the orgasm is easily distinguished as being when sperm is
ejaculated. For women, some confusion arises because many women have
sadly never had an orgasm. The orgasm is no mere pulse of pleasure. It
is a climactic conclusion of sexual pleasure that lasts more than a couple
seconds. Even though there are methods of shortening the time between
orgasms and lengthening and improving the orgasm itself, there really is
only one type of orgasm as far as completion is concerned.
Stage 2’s foreplay builds sexual desire as it creates a platform to build
sexual intimacy, which satisfies the desire. Males naturally feel rushed to
satisfy the need for sexual intimacy without a lot of foreplay because of
their Yang nature and females tend to linger on foreplay because of their
Yin nature. Both sexes usually desire sexual intimacy to the same degree,
but males naturally can be ignorant of the requirement to have foreplay,
so they tend to rush to sexual intimacy more than females. The desire for
Stage 3 must grow (through foreplay) before and while it is being satisfied.
Because a selfless person readily looks to do or be the best for his or partner,
a sign of a healthy and selfless relationship is one in which sexual intimacy
follows this pattern as naturally and thoughtlessly as breathing.
Finally, I can discuss how Stage 3 brings about completion. At the end
of Stage 2, both people think often of the other. As I will explain, the
dance between foreplay and sexual intimacy force these thoughts to be of
high quality. No one must be aware that any of this completion is occurring
for it to occur. It simply happens. Before I continue, I want to say that I
could not care less about giving sexual advice, but I must describe the way
sexual intimacy must be preformed for completion to result. Also, I surmise
that sexual intimacy is more enjoyable for each person if the other is also
64 CHAPTER 3. LOVE
pleased. This conclusion is the basis of my ideas about Stage 3 completion,

and it logically follows from the benefits of female lubrication, male erection,
mutual passion, etc.
A man’s mind can wish for Stage 3 even when little or no foreplay has
occurred, but it would be best for him if he desired foreplay. Women often
do not enjoy insensitivity to foreplay. Since women are Yin, they naturally
take longer to achieve arousal (the need for sexual pleasure is like any other
need and women take longer to focus on any need). At the very least,
they will obtain little pleasure from the sexual encounter. The man will
have little pleasure directly from lack of foreplay and indirectly because the
woman is not pleased. Not having enough foreplay and not continuing to
have it throughout sexual intimacy can cause either premature ejaculation
or inability to maintain arousal. Of course, women must do all these things
too. They simply forget less than men.
Women can sometimes not fully embrace the pleasures of sexual inti-
macy even when the time is right, but it would be best if they did. I must
reiterate that I am talking about incomplete women. However, if she learns
to allow herself to work hard for sexual pleasure after foreplay, she will be
very pleased for obvious reasons.
The sexual needs of men and women are best satisfied when both men
and women embrace the opposite of their tendencies. As a result, men learn
to embrace the Yin task and women learn to embrace the Yang task. I
claim that this lesson generalizes from sexual intimacy to life and therefore
provides completion. A woman learns the general lesson to enjoy Yang
after any type of Yin. This generalization from sexual intimacy to life can
occur easily because Stage 2 has created a system that allows two people
to frequently have each other on their minds. Stage 3 simply shows this
system how to best have the other person on her mind and allows her to
have accomplishing Yang after Yin on her mind. Men achieve completion in
the same manner, except they learn to be Yin, and to especially do it before
Yang.
To ensure that the man is embracing Yin and the woman embracing
Yang, the two people should make sure that the woman has an orgasm.
Men should also orgasm, but healthy males rarely have problems with this.
If someone believes his or her healthy partner cannot or will not orgasm,
sexual intimacy should probably not be attempted. Rare exceptions aside
(such as some cases of extreme female circumcision), all women can orgasm.
Sometimes, she may feel that her partner is not the right person for her,
and she should not have sexual intimacy, so orgasm will be more difficult.
In this case, Stage 1 has not been satisfied, and there is no reason to build
upon a weak foundation. Although I say that a woman is very aware of
her need for Stage 2 foreplay, Stage 1 is needed for the best foreplay, and
women are also very aware of this, so both Stage 1 and Stage 2 must be
strong before attempting Stage 3. There are many other reasons she may
3.9. COMMON MISUNDERSTANDINGS OF STAGE 3 65
not be able to orgasm, and these include (1) the incorrect belief that she
should orgasm from vaginal intercourse alone, (2) not recognizing that her
sexual response is more sequential than a male’s, (3) not knowing that both
men and women must clench certain muscles to orgasm, and (4) the belief
that it is acceptable for a healthy man to orgasm when doing so disrupts
the woman’s pleasure (often called premature ejaculation).
I am not suggesting that there must be foreplay followed by a distinct
transition to sexual intimacy in strict order. Just as one must move back
and forth between satisfying needs and feeling which needs to satisfy in
all parts of life, the foreplay and sexual intimacy that mimic the general
satisfaction of needs can start over and stop. Therefore, sexual intimacy is a
dance with few rules just like life. A woman’s alternating levels of hormones
throughout her menstrual cycle (and therefore alternating sex drive) and any
person’s constantly changing moods are other elements in the dance allowing
sexual intimacy to occur within an entire spectrum. However, there are a
few applications of my ideas. Foreplay’s purpose is to prepare for sexual
intimacy, so engaging in foreplay when one person does not have the desire
or ability for sexual intimacy can be a bad idea. This dance should not
lean unfairly towards foreplay. It also should not lean more towards sexual
pleasure in that foreplay should be enjoyed for what it is and not simply
because it can lead to sexual intimacy.
3.9 Common Misunderstandings of Stage 3

This section will address some misunderstandings related to Stage 3. Each
paragraph contains a topic, and this section is, for the most part, a list of
topics. Skipping this section will not prevent my main ideas from being
understood. In fact, I have often thought of removing this section since I
cross the line from giving applications for my ideas to giving advice that is
hardly related to the main ideas. However, I have not removed it because
this chapter is more casual than the other two chapters and because I feel
strongly about these issues.
A common occurrence is for a man to tear a woman’s hymen, which can
happen if complete vaginal intercourse is pursued during the first attempt at
sexual intimacy with a woman with a still-to-be-stretched hymen. The nor-
mal hymen is not a complete membrane to be broken, but a membrane with
one or more holes that must be stretched making a hole bigger. Many at-
tempts at vaginal penetration may be required to stretch the hymen enough
to allow substantial insertion of a penis. If a man injures a woman by tearing
her hymen, she will be in pain. The blood and pain that result from a torn
hymen and the ability for the hymen to permanently stretch are clear signs
that the tearing the hymen is unnatural and therefore should not happen.
Women are not unique in their need to have an organ stretched. Following
66 CHAPTER 3. LOVE
puberty, the male foreskin often needs to be stretched over a period of days
to allow it to retract and to slowly accustom the glans to direct stimulation.
One might argue that, since childbirth creates blood and pain and since
childbirth is natural, the tearing of the hymen is similarly natural. The first
problem with this is that, even if childbirth must be painful and bloody, this
is irrelevant since the stretching of the hymen is a better choice. Luckily,
childbirth need not be a horrific experience at all. The workings of the female
body are sadly often ignored in many male-dominant cultures. Just as the
arousal process requires time and relaxation, childbirth requires relaxation.
Fear, the worst enemy of a woman in labor, causes tightening of muscles that
should freely allow the baby to pass. A woman should be in a comfortable
environment with the unwavering companionship of those she loves while she
gives birth to a baby she truly wants. If the cold environment of a hospital
is unsettling to a woman, this is the last place for her to give birth. There
most likely will be pain as the process of childbirth strains the physical limits
of the body, but the ecstasy of giving birth can make the overall experience
pleasant. The experience should by no means be horrific if no complications
occur. Drastic measures such as cutting the vaginal opening larger (an
episiotomy) should be the last resort and rarely needed. I will quickly add
that, when the baby is born, one should not traumatize his or her body by
immediately clamping the umbilical cord while it is still delivering oxygen
and life from the placenta.
There is little educated debate about the harm of female circumcision,
but some people believe it is good to circumcise men by removing the fore-
skin, an intricate and very sensitive fold of flesh covering the glans (head) of
the penis. This causes harm by removing a protective shield for the glans,
diminishing sexual sensitivity in men, and even reducing the ability for the
penis to stimulate women. I say that women suffer because intact males
will have much less movement of the skin against the vagina as the foreskin
acts as a movable sheath for the shaft. This process is basically a man pro-
viding his share of natural lubrication. Circumcised males can compensate
by understanding how the anatomy of sex should be. As for the issue of
cleanliness, cleaning the moisture-preserving mucus from under the foreskin
is fast, and is unnecessary for young boys since the foreskin is often attached
to the glans until a later age.
Interestingly, Stage 3 by no means requires vaginal intercourse even
though many cultures suggest that, unless vaginal intercourse is achieved,
no meaningful act has occurred. I have always wondered how something
as trivial as a certain body part entering another can be significant. What
if a finger is inserted? Is that meaningful? What about an object? The
human mind as defined in ”Human Model” can distinguish between human
touch and insignificant touch, which can be proven by hugging a person
you are attracted to and hugging a tree. Regardless of social conditioning,
hugging the tree will not produce the same result as hugging the person
3.10. SUMMARY OF STAGES 67
(although tree hugging has its own benefits). Likewise, the mind is great at
distinguishing between no sexual stimulation and sexual stimulation, which
means that sexual stimulation, and not vaginal penetration by a penis, is the
significant act. The idea that a penis entering a vagina is highly significant
exists because this is how babies are conceived and, of course, because it
provides a great way to give and receive sexual pleasure. The word virgin
is mostly useless because a virgin could have much experience with sexual
intimacy. The fact that many people desire vaginal intercourse much more
than other forms of sexual intimacy remains, but this is to be expected when
anything short of intercourse is often viewed as hesitation to full pleasure.
Birth control methods that alter a woman’s hormones are not healthy for
her for reasons you should research. Perhaps one of the reasons nature put
the clitoris outside the vagina is to provide a natural birth control system
by allowing sexual stimulation without vaginal intercourse. Luckily, in these
modern times, there are many ways to nearly eliminate the risk of pregnancy
other than avoiding intercourse.
3.10 Summary of Stages

Each stage has needs associated with it. Stage 1 has the child’s need to be
held by a parental figure, the need to make parental figures proud, the need
to be a good example for one’s children, and the need to be attractive to the
other gender (self completion). Many needs have sub needs. For instance,
enjoying the cuteness of children is a need that is a subset of wanting to be a
good example for one’s children. Stage 2 has the need for physical contact.
To guarantee that Stage 2 will build off of Stage 1, this need is satisfied
particularly well if the contact is with someone attractive and if the contact
is intended to bring pleasure. Stage 3 has the need for sexual pleasure, a
need that is satisfied particularly well in the context of sexual intimacy with
someone following arousal from Stage 2’s foreplay.
Completion is basically maximizing how the levels operate by balancing
Yin and Yang. The three stages bring about completion. Stage 1 attempts
to strengthen both Yin and Yang by having people learn from parental
figures and try to attract the opposite gender. The other stages attempt to
better Stage 1. Since a gender is not very skilled at one of either Yin or
Yang, the best way to help Stage 1 is to create Yin Yang balance, which
is why self completion, Stage 2, and Stage 3 interconnect male and female.
Stage 2 causes interconnection because it causes two people to think often
of each other allowing Stage 1 to better do its job. Stage 3 further refines
Stage 1 by insisting that the thoughts the two people have about each other
are of high quality. As will be explained very soon, an orgasm that follows
the three stages can greatly interconnect two people.
Selflessness allows each of the stages to operate. Only a selfless parental
68 CHAPTER 3. LOVE
figure can always want what is best for the child, which is not only good for
the child but also the parental figure, since always wanting to do what is best
will inspire the parental figure to want to be a good example and to therefore
be complete. Only a selfless person can deeply want to improve oneself to
attract someone of the other gender, which is the crux of self completion.
Also, a selfish person would want to attract many people, which would
prevent depth of improvement. Only a selfless person can give physical touch
in a way that it is intended to bring the other person pleasure. A selfish
person cannot give of themselves so freely and therefore cannot create a
strong Stage 2. Only a selfless person can desire to sexually please his or
her partner as is required for Stage 3. Clearly, selflessness is crucial.
3.11 Bonds
When there is an orgasm that occurs during physical contact between two
people who are attracted to each other, I tend to think that permanent
bonds between them are formed. I like to think of these bonds as imprints
of a person’s brain on your own that change the general desire to progress
through the stages into the desire to progress through the stages with that
specific person. Before the orgasm, person A has a general need that is
satisfied by person B. Afterwards, person A has, in addition to the general
need, a specific need for person B that can only be satisfied by person B.
The strength of this imprint is dependent upon how well the three stages
were done. By the end of Stage 3, two are people are closest, so forming
a bond at this time, as opposed to any other time, is ideal. A one-night
stand between people who are practically strangers will form a bond that is
a thread, and two lovers will form a cord. I would think that each orgasm
that a person has forms another bond. The closer two people are, the
more intense the orgasm and the greater the imprint. The feelings of being
exposed and being close that follow orgasm are a sign of the strength of the
bond.
The claim I am making that the orgasm forms permanent bonds is a
large claim, but it makes much sense for there to be a human action that
will create permanent bonds between two complete people so that once
formed will allow children to be raised by stable and complete parents. This
would be very beneficial because human children benefit from having two
parents. As for the action causes these permanent bonds, it cannot precede
completion from the orgasm, because then two incomplete people would be
bonded permanently. Also, it cannot follow the orgasm because the sperm
ejaculated by the male orgasm can produce children, and permanent bonds
are required before having children. I can only conclude that the orgasm is
the act that forms these permanent bonds in addition to balancing Yin and
Yang.
3.11. BONDS 69
My claim of permanent bonds results completely from my belief that the

existence of permanent bonds would be beneficial for humans. Few of my
other ideas are dependent on the existence of permanent bonds. In the case
that permanent bonds do not exist, the biggest change to my ideas would
be that orgasm would be reduced to a desirable finale of the human quest
for completion and procreation. As for why I do not claim that permanent
bonds form between parental figures and children, some reasons are that
(1) these relationships are not meant to be lifelong (at least for children)
since children will outlive their parents, (2) for people past puberty, the
relationships with one’s parental figures and one’s children should not be as
important as the relationship with one’s romantic partner, and (3) there is
no convenient moment such as the orgasm for creating permanent bonds.
For now, I will assume that permanent bonds exist and that they exist only
following the three stages.
As for the permanence of these bonds, I am curious about whether the
brain’s plasticity can overwrite old ones with new ones or simply let them
fade over time. They most likely fade because all humans change and the
bonds must reflect the changes in one’s partner.
The most important prerequisite for forming permanent bonds is that
there should be mutual lifelong commitment. Besides the obvious reason
that permanent bonds would be harmful if made with temporary relation-
ships, lifelong commitment is required for the stages to be maximally strong.
There are people who not only have but enjoy meaningless sex that can
hardly be called sexual intimacy. Although I believe these people are emo-
tionally confused, I do not foresee any relevant permanent bonds being made,
and I do not claim lifelong commitment should be made before meaningless
sex.
I must clarify that the ideas of marriage, engagement, etc. should not
be synonymous with either the idea of progressing through the stages or
the idea of commitment. Marriage is when two people formally commit to
each other and build a life together. In fact, marriage is not required for
two people to build a life together, and building a life together (living in the
same house for example) is not required for progression through the stages.
The only ordering of events that have any sense to them are that (1) lifelong
commitment should occur before permanent bonds, (2) lifelong commitment
should occur before building a life together, and (3) building a life together
should occur before having children. Notice that marriage is nowhere to be
seen in the previous ordering of events. I encourage people to pay no respect
to tradition unless they encourage commitment. With that said, the giving
of rings to symbolize commitment and having a public celebration of that
love and commitment are great ideas.
Some people argue that humans are not meant to be monogamous be-
cause sperm warfare, which is male ejaculate’s ability to find and destroy
foreign sperm, and other traits have evolved which are meant to anticipate
70 CHAPTER 3. LOVE
multiple sexual partners within short time spans. I see this evidence as being
against the notion that marriage is more important than true love. Some
people prevent divorce even when doing so would allow them to openly pur-
sue true love, so they live double lives. Although I am sure that everyday
promiscuity has played its role in the evolution of sperm warfare, I am also
sure that many people have been married for reasons other than true love
and have had affairs with their true loves.
3.12 Two Requirements

How both of the requirements that I mentioned in the introduction of this
chapter are met can now be seen. Every need for completion that I have
described until now also works toward procreating and protecting one’s ge-
netics for future generations. For example, the need to enjoy the qualities
of the other sex works toward providing oneself with a healthy person of
the opposite sex to provide kids as well as a healthy source of completion.
Similar observations can be made concerning almost every part of the three
stages. For instance, males have a longer refractory period between orgasms
than females. This aids procreation since it prevents men from wasting en-
ergy having sex if they have little sperm to deliver. It also aids completion
by insuring that he must hold back orgasm until she has had an orgasm if
he wants her to be pleased. If he could be erect soon after orgasm, there
would be no need for him to postpone his satisfaction. Even kissing has been
suggested as an aid to pregnancy by helping a woman build immunity to
certain germs before becoming pregnant. Lastly, the factors that determines
whether or not two people will be attracted to each other require that two
people be opposite in certain aspects, and I have already explained how this
variation is ideal for completion, but it also allows for children with genetic
variation, which is good.
While looking at the big picture, one can see that the two goals of the
interactions between sexes are not only directly met at the same time but
also indirectly met because the other is met. Two complete parents can
protect their children’s genetics in a more efficient way, and having children
is what allows for high levels of completion. This is one of the many reasons
why nature causes both requirements to be met simultaneously.
A woman often desires sexual intimacy during her period and during
pregnancy. I believe that a reason for this is that it allows both people
to increase completion by becoming as emotionally close as possible before
children are born. This does not assist procreation in any direct way, which
shows that the two requirements are not always directly met at the same
time. There are no strict rules that evolution must follow. Nature does only
what is most efficient, and the most efficient thing is usually to have an act
that brings completion also assist procreation, but this is not always the
3.13. WHY THREE STAGES? 71
case.
Humans are among a unique few species in that the extent of their
requirement for completion is large. All species have the requirement to
procreate, but the majority of species do not seem to have much of a need for
completion (many species are not even divided into genders). Humans have
a greater need than the rest probably because our species must overcome
many diverse and complex mental hurdles to survive unlike any other species.
3.13 Why Three Stages?
I will first explain why there are stages, and I will then explain why there
are three. Once I noticed that there is a need, which I call completion, that
is distinct from all other needs in that feedback from all the levels determine
its satisfaction, I realized that this need is also unique in how it has many
sub needs that seem to occur in a certain order: making parents proud,
trying to attract the opposite gender, physical contact, and sexual intimacy.
The idea that this ordering occurs because of stages that depend on previous
stages came next, but the specifics of how the stages cause completion were
required more thought. For instance, I had no idea if the stages were distinct
and countable, or if they blended together. I eventually realized that the
needs belonging to each stage were very distinct. The thought that the
stages existed solely for procreation was never an option for me because I
have witnessed how love can transform people and make them much greater
human beings.
I must ask: why did nature make what I call Stage 2? Would not two
stages—one being what I call Stage 1 and the other being what I call Stage
3—accomplish the same end? The first stage can determine attraction and
the next can allow two people to interconnect as close as possible. However,
the degree that self completion occurs in Stage 1 from a person rarely varies
rapidly. The infatuations of young people often last for days or weeks, not
minutes or hours. Stage 2 completion, on the other hand, varies rapidly ac-
cording to amount of meaningful physical contact. This variance is required
so that foreplay and sexual intimacy can create the dance between Yin and
Yang.
I must also ask: why did nature make what I call Stage 3? Would not
two stages—what I call Stage 1 and Stage 2—accomplish the same end given
that procreation could occur by mere physics contact? As just described,
both Stage 2 and Stage 3 are required for the dance between foreplay and
sexual intimacy. Also, Stage 3 provides a suitable means for procreation
since people rarely will accidentally insert sperm into vaginas, while physical
contact occurs accidentally very frequently.
72 CHAPTER 3. LOVE
3.14 Cause of Selfishness

A theme in this chapter is selflessness, namely, the benefits of it when applied
to the realm of completion. In the lack of completion that exists in its
absence, people lack the tools required to fix problems in their lives. A child
who has been raised less than perfectly and who has never worked long
and hard to find and fix his or her problems can become an adult who will
behave monstrously and create a broken family of his or her own. Pedophilia
and rape are among some of the monstrous behaviors. I have noticed that
selfishness is very weakly correlated to age and social status and can be
found anywhere in anyone, although it often takes different forms among
different ages or social groups.
Understanding the cause of selfishness is important to understanding
how to remove it. The cause of all selfishness in relationships is what I will
call emotional insecurity or simply insecurity. A person can resolve to not
be selfish and even try to have healthy behaviors, but this is not enough
unless the cause, emotional insecurity, is removed. Emotional insecurity
reduces one’s ability to achieve completion, and often effects much more.
For example, some insecure people are easily offended. Also, people who
are truly evil (and not simply misunderstood) almost certainly are insecure.
Perhaps a few mental illnesses are caused or worsened by insecurity.
Insecurities are sometimes referred to as a person’s demons. Examples
are an obese man insecure about his body image, a child not knowing she
is loved, and someone exposed to a dogmatic religion that causes him to
feel worthless. Insecure people are emotionally damaged and have a desire
that is a never satisfied bottomless pit. The insecure obese man desires
to always be told he is still attractive, the insecure unloved child desires
constant reassurance, and the insecure person who feels worthless will often
shift blame to others to prevent further feelings of worthlessness.
Indulging one’s insecurity can often feel very good in the short-term, and
ignoring one’s insecurity can cause anguish. This pain is often blamed on
others since the pain of knowing it was caused by oneself would only worsen
the insecurity problem. Insecure people therefore are volatile and broken
and have a limited ability to form healthy lives.
In regards to completion, insecurities can tear the delicate tapestries of
love or simply prevent it from occurring altogether. Non-functional insecure
people cannot give of themselves if they have nothing to give. A person
is often too insecure to even attempt a non-manipulative monogamous re-
lationship because all they want is reinforcement from everybody of the
opposite gender that they are attractive and desired.
Insecurities interfere with humans at their cores: their motivations. For
example, humans are built to have selfless love satisfy their need for comple-
tion, so there is no possible other cause of selfishness other than a problem
with being motivated toward what one actually needs. The word insecure
brings to mind the uncertainty people have in their ability to address their
needs. Sometimes pain is associated with the act of satisfying a need to the
extent that satisfying a need is more painful than not satisfying it. An obese
overeater is insecure because he or she is hurt when he or she attempts to
address the issue of self confidence, so the need for self confidence is buried
even deeper. If a person, insecure or otherwise, has not eaten in a week, his
or her mind will most likely be bent on obtaining food. An insecure person
also has an unsatisfied need and is bent on obtaining satisfaction, but they
cannot walk the path towards healthy satisfaction. The desperate attempt
to satisfy the need often results in misdirected anger and frustration because
an insecure person cannot direct the anger and frustration at the true source
out of fear that one’s demons be addressed. Arrogance results in a desper-
ate attempt to somehow cover up the pain when one’s self worth and self
esteem are the need that cannot be satisfied. Manipulation of someone of
the opposite gender for one’s own selfish purposes is also common because
insecure people will do anything or use anyone to help them feel good and
keep their minds off their true problem. Addictions are often fueled by in-
securities. Addictions can also be fueled by ignorance of how to correctly
satisfy a need. These addictions are equally harmful but are easier to solve.
As confronting any demon requires effort, confronting our insecurities is
a battle of great proportions that is great enough to inspire people to imagine
that real demons are the cause. An obese man who is insecure about his
weight should constantly remove any thought that suggests he is less of
a man for it. An unloved child should immediately discard any thought
of not being loved and replace the thoughts with thoughts why he or she
deserves love. The person who feels worthless should think of how there are
people who will do nothing but help them and of how they are worthy and
capable. All insecure people must direct the blame for their problems at
themselves instead of others while not letting that blame torment them. Of
course, removing denial must come first. The cause of one’s security is often
wrapped tightly in a complex web of self delusion. This battle is especially
hard for children who need the help of parental figures to prevent and fix
their demons, but all adults have the responsibility to undue the damage
done to them from childhood and beyond.
Lastly, I want to note that balancing one’s personality, as described in the
previous chapter, would be hindered by insecurities. Only people who are
secure can be truly open to discovering new and weaker parts of themselves
instead of focusing only on one’s strengths.
3.15 Applications
As I have done in “Human Model” and “Personality,” I have done here in
“Love” in that I have developed a theory based on my observations of hu-
74 CHAPTER 3. LOVE
man beings. Unlike the other chapters which had at least some discussion of
evidence, I will completely skip the very difficult task of finding evidence for
theories of love. I will instead discuss some behaviors and choices that are
consistent with my ideas. In doing so, I hope the reasonableness of the ap-
plications will at least make my ideas plausible. I have already interspersed
some applications throughout this chapter, and this section gives more of
them. If I had a method for proof, such as neuroscientific evidence, I would
use it, but I do not. This section contains only applications and do not
extend or develop my ideas, so it can be ignored.
Instead of listing the many possible harmful activities people do, I want
to focus mainly on healthy activities so that healthy behaviors can be re-
inforced. I do not intend for people to be able to become any less selfish
in their search for completion because the causes of selfishness (insecurity)
require more lengthy solutions. I only want to describe healthy behavior so,
assuming my ideas about three stages are correct, someone well motivated
(i.e. selfless) can achieve completion in a healthy way by knowing how.
The mind as defined in ”Human Model” is not aware of stages. It simply
treats the needs associated with the stages like any other need. Since these
needs are best satisfied by progressing through the stages (which is true
because each stage prepares for the next), the stages occur, but the needs can
also be satisfied outside of the stages. More specifically, Stage 3’s need for
sexual pleasure can be satisfied by masturbation and fantasies. Orgasm can
also be reached outside of the stages. The desire to masturbate and fantasize
is not a flaw in human beings that is a waste of time. Instead, people learn
what they want from the stages by these acts, especially if these thoughts on
sexuality are refined through the arts. Imagine if children were discouraged
from writing because their spelling was bad and the best way to write is
to do it with perfect spelling. Clearly, this would be awful because no one
would ever learn to write and spell. Similarly, masturbation is not the best
way to satisfy the need for sexual pleasure, but it is certainly better than
never masturbating. Sexual fantasies or any fantasies are analogous to a
child using his or her imagination. Just as a child’s imagination develops his
or her curiosities, personality, life goals, ideas about the world, etc., sexual
fantasies have a similar purpose. They can inspire people to seek the best
sexual relationship possible and to better existing sexual relationships, and
fantasies in general allow people to seek the best life partner, relationship,
career, etc. Females are often encouraged to not explore their sexuality
in favor of meekness. This is not healthy. There are, of course, unhealthy
fantasies. For example, a sexual fantasy that demeans the opposite gender is
selfish and unhealthy. Although there may be better more mature fantasies,
one should never feel ashamed and repress any fantasy. Better fantasies
should be looked for, but repressing the only fantasy a person has can cause
him or her to resort to other less desirable fantasies.
Seeing nudity and finding can be a great means of accomplishing Stage
1 as long as the minimal importance of physical appearance is understood.

This is simply a consequence of my idea of stages not having any negative
consequence for viewing nudity. I can conceive of no reason why children
should be sheltered from seeing naked bodies or why people should feel
ashamed when others see them naked. Perhaps if everyone felt free to be
nude at swimming pools or anywhere, we would all realize that every human
body looks goofy, quirky, and strange, and these qualities make it beautiful.
In a world where plastic surgery is sadly common place for people other
than those burned in fires, born disfigured, etc., I feel that letting go of
our antiquated ideas of modesty could help many recognize their beauty.
If nothing else, the unhealthy obsession of hiding the female breast should
end. Women would no longer feel that they must buy and daily wear bras
and would no longer feel that they should not breastfeed openly. Another
basic benefit is that of equalizing men and women. If men can show their
chests, should not women do the same? Some say that the breast is a sexual
organ. I say anything we conceal and label as a hidden desire becomes
highly sexual and desired because our imaginations focus on what we want
and do not have. The breast in all sizes is wonderful and to be enjoyed, and
hiding it only encourages an unhealthy obsession about it. This change must
be both legal and cultural. Why then do we wear clothes? One of many
reasons clothes are worn is so that a society can accomplish things other than
enjoying the appearance of the other sex. Formal and unrevealing clothes
are especially important during important meetings, solemn ceremonies, etc.
Clothes expressing personality are not worn at formal events for this same
reason. Clothes are also used for protecting humans from many aspects of
their environment: sun, rough surfaces, weather, etc. Clothes are often made
specifically for an activity to provide protection and other useful benefits.
Protection from the environment is most likely the main reason why humans
have worn clothes before the past few thousand years of civilization.
Seeing sexual acts, poses, etc. and enjoying watching them are also not
unhealthy unless done to gratify unhealthy fantasies (unhealthy fantasies
usually involve degrading the other sex to satisfy oneself). There are sex
scenes in movies that are considered inappropriate although some of them
are beautiful. Sexuality is beautiful and viewing people expressing it in
a healthy way can create healthy fantasies. To resist one’s own sexuality
is to be unhealthy. Without learning how to do the stages in a healthy
way, confusion can result when one actually progresses through the stages.
Children approaching puberty should see sexual acts, especially, because if
not shown in a healthy context, they will undoubtedly find a source that
will lead them to unhealthy ideas. Although, I do not recommend showing
them live sexual acts since sexual intimacy is a highly personal activity that
is not meant to be a mere show or demonstration. Some people are addicted
to pornography or masturbation or both. An addiction exists when a person
not only does an activity for enjoyment, but the activity becomes a necessity
76 CHAPTER 3. LOVE
as the result of a highly unsatisfied need and interferes with the person’s life.
Addictions can come from anything that gives humans pleasure including
something as normally benign as eating mints. Many addictions, such as the
addiction to masturbation and view pornography, are easier to fix because
the activity of fantasy can be good for you, so the activity does not need
to be stopped. Either another activity needs to occur in the place of the
addiction (if the addiction is an escape from life, the other activity would
be whatever is being escaped from), or the activity causing addiction should
change. An addiction to heroin, on the other hand, is difficult because the
heroin is harmful so the use must be stopped altogether (there is also the
physical dependency to fight in addition to the mental addiction). Ironically,
trying to stop sexual fantasies without replacing them with something is a
great way to insure they will overtake your life as the unsatisfied need finds
a way to be satisfied.
An understanding the three stages reveals that couples who are devoted
to only each other for the rest of their lives have healthier relationships than
others. The greater a person builds Stage 1, the greater Stage 2 and Stage
3 can be built upon it. To help Stage 1, couples must constantly think
of, talk to, reminisce with, flirt with, spend time with, and want to spend
time with each other to strengthen their attraction and their commitment
to each other, as well as to work out their problems. One must be sure that
spending time with the person does not hinder either person from taking
care of personal responsibilities and needs, including the need for hobbies
and time by oneself or with others, while making sure to do every activity
that can easily be done together as a team and to spend every other moment
together, especially when one person or the other is sad, upset, or has any
problem. To try and always understand the other person and to share the
events of one’s day are amazing forms of communication that will allow two
people to be as close as possible so that, even when they are not in the other’s
company, they can have a very strong attraction to and understand of the
other person. Stage 1 requires much hard work, time, and commitment to
love, but love always has benefits and can change lives as one subconsciously
or consciously tries to become attractive to his or her partner.
In the same way as Stage 1, Stage 2 must be a large part of lifelong rela-
tionships. Couples must constantly remind each other of their commitment
to being there for each other, especially by physically showing each other
that they are there for one another. Stage 3 as well as every other aspect of
the relationship is better when Stage 1 and Stage 2 are strong.
As for two people who are progressing through the stages for the first
time, there is no need to completely build one stage before moving on to
the next. Imagine that the three stages are levels of a hollow pyramid in
which the higher stages are at the top. The healthiest way for two people to
become closer is to imagine the “progress bar” of their progression through
the stages to be a solid pyramid being raised up into the hollow pyramid.
One should be sure to never build the top faster than the lower stages can
support, but one should also feel free to build upon whatever foundations
exist to better the relationship. One should also keep in mind that the
bottom of the pyramid will always need maintenance, so the issue of how
fast to progress through the stages never completely goes away. I like the
pyramid as an analogy because the bottom layers are larger, and I have
noticed that the bottom stages require more work.
I do not advocate progression through the stages with many people.
I have advocated the removal of some inhibitions to this point, but some
things are simply unhealthy. It is true that every stage is a skill to be
learned, but some people progress through the stages only to gain these
skills or for other selfish reasons. Why learn the skills with someone other
than he or she who is perfect for you? Take Stage 3 for example. It requires
a lifetime of experience to begin getting close to perfect. Because there is
always masturbation to satisfy the need for sexual pleasure, Stage 3 is not
a vital skill. All the stages are best when done selflessly, so why waste time
and energy on something that can have little benefit. A reason people have
sexual intimacy before they are ready is that they want to see if they have
sexual chemistry. It must be true that sexual intimacy is better with some
people than with others, but most problems with sex are solvable and are
minor details when compared to the importance of truly loving each other.
There are of course the cases of great sex between almost strangers, and the
idea behind this is the same as why masturbation can feel good: if you do
not really know someone, you can imagine they are perfect. According to
my ideas of Stage 3, any two people with well-built Stage 1 and Stage 2 can
have sexual intimacy that is as good as any other two people with stages
just as strong. Lastly, the thought that Stage 3 is a skill and the thought
that sexual chemistry may not happen with a person one loves are very
damaging for a reason other than those I have given. Healthy males having
erectile dysfunction is most likely caused by the fear of not being able to
perform. Sexual intimacy has little to do with performance. The sooner a
person realizes this, the sooner the benefits of Stage 3 can be achieved.
Lastly, staying in any relationship that cannot sustain true love is no
noble endeavor. Fear or social contracts such as marriage are nothing com-
pared to love. The importance of commitment that builds Stage 1 does not
imply people should not leave marriages. It actually implies the opposite.
The commitment to find and have true love translates to commitment to a
single person when true love is found, but it translates to finding another
person who can offer true love when an unsuitable marriage exists. Sadly,
when children exist within a marriage, divorce can cause much pain, es-
pecially if the reasons for the divorce are not thoroughly explained to the
children. Perhaps an unloving marriage can provide the children more much
long-term pain when the children imitate their parents’ relationship in their
own future relationships.
78 CHAPTER 3. LOVE
3.16 Final Thoughts

I hope that what I have written in this chapter justifies the fact that love is
among the most powerful and significant aspects of the human experience.
Knowing loving parental figures, falling in love, holding that special person
knowing you will be with him or her forever, giving and receiving sexual
pleasure, and raising children define who human beings are as a race and as
individuals. There are certainly many reasons for living and many ways to
define oneself—through personality, friends, and beliefs—but loving parental
figures, the other gender, and children are among the best.
Although my primary goal is not to give applications, I hope my thoughts
concerning human beings can lend a helpful hand when decisions concerning
one’s progress and development as a human being must be made. There are
also times when making decisions should be far from one’s mind, and life
should be simply lived. Perhaps only then can the true nature and power of
love be discovered.
Index
communication types, 12
completion, 52
emotional insecurity, 72
excitement, 20
fear, 20
feedback, 18
foreplay, 62
gender, 47
high communication, 36
intelligence, 13
levels, 11, 24
low communication, 36
mind, 11
modes, 38
needs, 19
primary feedback, 18, 21
secondary feedback, 18, 20

self completion, 56
sexual intimacy, 63
stages, 52
state of mind, 18
types, see communication types
Yin and Yang, 35
79

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The Nameless Mind

3.5 Stage 1 and Parental Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

stand my ideas. However, I will refer to current theories as necessary, and

I wish to employ in my study of human beings. My ideas are theory driven,

1.2 Four Levels

1.5 Communication Details

1.7 Secondary Feedback

memory. This is beneficial as it better allows long paths toward satisfaction

1.8 Primary Feedback Details

etition. The need to hear patterns in sounds (music) is also represented

1.9 Human Model

Figure 1.1: Human Model

to be Level 5, a level with memory of infinite duration. Level 1 could be

1.10 Four Levels Revisited

level would be where information processing works to or from as if this

1.13 Model’s Ability to Explain

do not greatly change from generation to generation. The arts of poetry,

1.14 Human Model Plus Other Theories

1.15 Final Thoughts

I have some hope of answering this limited set of questions. I believe to

2.2 Yin and Yang

Figure 2.1: Yin Yang Symbol

2.3 Balance of Personality

he or she begins to prefer Mode A or Mode B, to prefer the most preferred

2.5 Introversion and Extroversion

2.7 Final Thoughts

Please compare the way my theory explains personality with current

able. Since I am distanced from provable science, I only want to make my

3.2 Two Tasks and Two Genders

3.3 Gender Equality

3.4 Yin and Yang Harmony

3.5 Stage 1 and Parental Figures

cannot understand speech or much of their surrounding environment, being

3.6 Stage 1 and the Opposite Gender

3.7 Stage 2: Romantic Human Touch

3.8 Stage 3: Sexual Intimacy

pleased. This conclusion is the basis of my ideas about Stage 3 completion,

3.9 Common Misunderstandings of Stage 3

3.10 Summary of Stages

My claim of permanent bonds results completely from my belief that the

3.12 Two Requirements

3.13 Why Three Stages?

3.14 Cause of Selfishness

1 as long as the minimal importance of physical appearance is understood.

3.16 Final Thoughts

primary feedback, 18, 21

secondary feedback, 18, 20

types, see communication types

Yin and Yang, 35

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