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1. The sun is very hot object. It gets its heat energy from nuclear reactions taking place
in its centre.
2. The temperature at its centre is about 15 000 000 oC and its surface temperature is
between 10 000 oC and 500 000 oC. Earth receives heat energy and light energy from the
Sun.
3. Without heat energy from the Sun:-
a) The Earth will be a very cold place.
b) The Earth will be forever in darkness.
c) There will be no living things on the Earth.
vacuum Earth
1. Properties of heat
Is a form of energy
Causes things to
become hot
HEAT
1. All forms of energy can be converted to heat energy as a result, heat can be produced in
many ways from different forms of energy e.g.
Use Explanation
For keeping warm In cold countries, electric radiators and coal fires are used to warm
houses.
For cooking Electric cookers, toasters and kettles are used to generate heat
for cooking.
For melting In factories, heat is used to melt iron for reshaping.
For moulding Heat is used to heat metals and plastics for moulding and reshaping.
For sterilizing Heat is used to boil water for sterilizing syringes, scissors, forceps
and containers in clinics.
For producing steam Heat is used to produce steam for driving turbines and engines.
Temperature Heat
1. Temperature is a physical quantity which 1. Heat is a form of energy.
refers to the degree of hotness or coldness of a
matter.
2. Measured by using thermometer and usually 2. It is measured in joule (J)
measured in degree Celsius. (oC)
3. The temperature of an object rises when 3. An object becomes hotter when heat is added to
heat is added to it, but falls when heat is it (temperature rises), and cooler when heat is
removed from it. removed from it (temperature falls).
4. The more the energy contained in an object, 4. The amount of heat in an object depends on :
the higher the temperature of the object. - its temperature.
- its mass (size) / volume
- its capacity to hold heat (different substances
have different capacities).
Two objects in a room have the same temperature (the room temperature) but
may contain different amounts of heat.
Experiment 7.1 (Temperature and Heat)
Glass rod
Aim – To show that two objects, one big and one small
can have the same temperature but contain different
amounts of heat
Thread Boiling water
(100oC)
Variables:
Copper
sphere Copper sphere i. Constant: temperature of spheres (100oC), metal for
spheres (copper)
ii. Manipulated: size of spheres (different volumes)
iii. Responding: heat content in spheres.
Heat
Method:
1. Heat two copper spheres different sizes in boiling
water so that they both have the same
Thermometer temperature.
2. Then transfer each sphere into beaker containing
50cm3 of water at 30oC (room temperature.
50 cm3 3. Stir the water in the beaker with the thermometer
water at and record the highest temperature obtained.
30oC
(Beginning)
Observation:
The water with the bigger copper sphere has a bigger
rise in temperature than the water with the small
copper sphere.
Conclusion:
The bigger copper sphere contains more heat than the small copper.
Temperature Heat
1. A measure of the degree of hotness or 1. A form of energy.
coldness of an object.
2. Kelvin (K) is the S.I unit for temperature. 2. Joule(J) is the S.I unit for heat.
3. Increases with the increase in the 3. Travels from a hot area to a cold area.
movement of particles.
4. Temperature cannot do work. 4. Heat can do work.