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B.Govardhan Reddy
IV-II, E.C.E, SVIST College, Madanapalle.
gogu1988@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
A fixed-wing aircraft, usually called an aero
The development and widespread use of plane or airplane, is a heavier-than-air aircraft capable
micro air vehicles (MAVs) in the battlefield of flight whose lift is generated not by wing motion
environment has been effectively constrained by the relative to the aircraft, but by forward motion through
limitations in the MAV sensor suite. the air.
Furthermore, the extreme size, weight and Fixed-wing MAVs can currently achieve
power constraints imposed on the on-board higher efficiency and longer flight times, so are well
electronics for such platforms have made it very suited to tasks that require extended loitering times,
difficult to utilize more conventional and but are generally unable to enter buildings, as they
commercially available technologies for this cannot hover or make the tight turns required. The
application. below figure shows the Fixed wing MAV.
This paper discusses the development of an
extremely small, micro-power, radar system utilizing
ultra wideband (UWB) technology which addresses
MAV mission requirements for collision avoidance
and precision altimetry in support of autonomous
vehicle operation.
INTRODUCTION:
The term micro air vehicle (MAV) or micro
aerial vehicle refers to a new type of remotely
controlled aircraft. The target dimension for MAVs A helicopter is an aircraft that is lifted and
today is approximately 15 centimeters (six inches) and propelled by one or more horizontal rotors, each rotor
development of insect-size aircraft is reportedly consisting of two or more rotor blades.
expected in the near future. Rotary-wings allow hovering and movement
The Defense Advanced Research Projects in any direction, at the cost of shorter flight time.
Agency (DARPA) is the U.S. agency at the forefront The below figure shows the Helicopter
of MAV development. Dr. Jim McMichael was the
first DARPA Program Manager for MAV
development.
Types of MAV:
Three types of MAV’s are under
investigation:
• Fixed wing models,
• Rotary wing models and
• Ornithopter (flapping wing) models. An ornithopter (from Greek ornithos "bird"
and pteron "wing") is an aircraft that flies by flapping
Each type has different advantages and its wings. Designers seek to imitate the flapping-wing
disadvantages, different scenarios may call for flight of birds, bats, and insects.
different types of MAV.
Flapping wings offer the most potential for in this emerging field by way of examples of recently
miniaturization and maneuverability, but are currently fielded UWB hardware and equipment.
far inferior to fix and rotary wing MAVs. The below Multispectral Solutions, Inc. (MSSI) is a
figure shows Flapping wing MAV. pioneer and an established industry leader in the
development of ultra wideband systems and has been
actively involved in UWB hardware and system
development since 1984.
Working of MAVCAS:
MAVCAS system operation proceeds as
follows. A programmable logic device (PLD)
generates a transmit strobe to the low level impulse
source when initiated by a trigger sequence from the
system microcontroller. In the low power (25 mW)
mode, the transmit pulse is directly produced by the
output of a spectrally filtered, time-gated C-band
oscillator; while, in the high power mode, an
additional time-gated C-band power amplifier boosts
the signal to the 0.8 W peak power output level.
Once the transmitter is triggered, the PLD Frequency domain response of MAVCAS:
immediately begins sampling conditioned, baseband
(detected) pulses from the receiver tunnel diode The frequency domain response of
detector circuitry. The tunnel diode is preceded by MAVCAS shows that frequency markers are placed
suitable bandpass filtering and an AGC-controlled, near the edges of the FCC Part 15.209 non-restricted
low noise amplifier (LNA) which is used to set the Band at 5.46 to 7.25 GHz, illustrating that the radar
system noise temperature. response falls entirely within this non-restricted band.
However, as the PLD clock frequency (in
this case, 250 MHz) is insufficient to achieve a 2
nanosecond (1 foot roundtrip) resolution; the detector
output is further subdivided into two separate
Applications:
Potential military use is one of the driving
factors, although MAVs are also being used
Time domain response of MAVCAS: commercially and in scientific, police and mapping
applications.
The time domain response of MAVCAS Another promising area is remote
shows that the radar is non-coherent (pulse-to-pulse); observation of hazardous environments which are
and that the pulse envelope is typical of a bandpass inaccessible to ground vehicles.
filter impulse response. The military application for MAVs is
primarily in the area of reconnaissance, and the
projection is for tiny "spy planes" that a soldier can
carry in a backpack, launch and use to scout ahead for
enemy troops.
Aerial robots can aid military personnel or
first responders in finding victims, safe passage ways,
by exploring or securing an area, in search of bombs,
chemical or biological agents.
Aerial robots can potentially aid in saving
the lives of the rescuers and civilians in a terrorist
attack or a disaster situation.
Applications have also been proposed which
include use in search and rescue; remote nuclear,
biological and chemical (NBC) sensing; monitoring
of traffic patterns and airborne pollutants, etc.
CONCLUSION:
MICRO AIR VEHICLES provides soldiers
a birds-eye view. The use of the MAV provided the
platoon with better situational awareness, and led to
C-Band path array for MAVCAS: less confusion during tactical operations.
Fine range resolution, high power
MAVCAS operates with a tight, spectrally- efficiency, low probability of interference and low
confined waveform within the C-band region 6.10 to probability of detection, make UWB an excellent
6.60 GHz. Radiated emissions tests have been candidate technology for micro and organic air
performed on the radar by an FCC-certified laboratory vehicle collision avoidance and altimetry
in the Washington, DC area. applications.
References:
www.youtube.com
www.howstuffworks.com
www.wikipedia.org